Māori King movement - Knowledge (XXG)

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haven't got a country. That's been taken off us." The war was viewed as a Pākehā fight among Pākehā nations. From June 1917 the Military Services Act was amended to apply conscription to all Māori, though the Minister of Defence advised officials it was to apply only to Waikato Māori. On 11 July 1918 police arrived at Te Paina, the King movement's pā at Mangatawhiri, and began arresting males who had failed to report for military duty. The men were transported to Narrow Neck army training camp in Auckland, where they were repeatedly punished for refusing to dress in military uniform. At the end of the war 111 remained in confinement; they were released in May 1919. The anti-conscription stance led to the Kīngitanga movement being widely regarded by Pākehā as seditious traitors and German sympathisers and also drove a wedge between Te Puea and Pomare, who throughout the war urged all Māori to fight for empire forces.

1413: 1603: 56: 1302: 1341: 1523: 420: 1165: 990: 1485: 1559: 348: 368:(European) population grew to outnumber Māori and the colonial government's Native Land Purchase Department adopted unscrupulous methods to take ownership, which included offers to chiefs or small groups of owners. Deals with individual Māori or groups that did not represent majority interests also dragged Māori into disputes with one another. As the white frontier encroached further on their land, many became concerned that their land, and race, would soon be overrun. 507:

recognition. Some opponents dismissed the Kīngitanga as a solely Waikato movement. Throughout 1859 emissaries of the King movement travelled through the North Island, including Taranaki, Wanganui and Hawkes Bay, seeking further adherents, with iwi sometimes divided in their support. Even within the movement there was said to be deep division: historian Keith Sinclair claimed "moderates" aligned themselves with Wiremu Tamihana and "anti-European extremists" followed

1842:; he had connections with other iwi and came from a line of successful fighting chiefs. He had been an outstanding combatant himself in the days of tribal warfare, had become a friend of Governor Grey and regarded himself as a friend of the Pākehā. He was also well resourced: he was able to call on the assistance of 5000 immediate followers and his Waikato territory had a wealth of food in its rivers and lakes and vast areas of potato and wheat cultivations. 952: 1377: 778:(Upper House) and to sit on the Executive Council as "Minister representing the Maori race". Despite widespread opposition from Waikato Māori, who feared it was an attempt to neutralise the King movement, Mahuta accepted and he was sworn in in May 1903. He entrusted the kingship to his younger brother Te Wherowhero Tawhiao, but resumed the kingship on 21 May 1910, disillusioned with the political process in dealing with Māori confiscation claims. 332: 535:

of whether the King movement should intervene. A faction of moderates within the movement swung the decision against direct involvement, but news of the meetings led to panic in Auckland over the possibility of a Māori attack on the capital, in turn prompting what Dalton described as "a mood of savage vindictiveness towards all Māori". In late June 1860 large numbers of Waikato Māori travelled to Taranaki to reinforce Te Āti Awa chief

1449: 747: 491: 515:, although Belich and historian Vincent O'Malley dispute this, saying both factions were driven by shared objectives and concerns and that divisions had been exaggerated by historians. Tribal rivalries may also have weakened unity. Historian B.J. Dalton observed: "Outside the Waikato, the King Movement appealed most to the younger generation who could see no other way of gaining the 924: 561: 652: 82: 3073: 936:

to Tūrangawaewae on 30 December 1953; the government refused him permission to deliver a speech in which he was to make the historic step of declaring loyalty to the British Crown, but a copy of the speech was later sent to the Queen. From the late 1950s his health began to deteriorate and he died at

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Tāwhiao's succession to the position of King coincided with a period of increasing friction between Māori and the Auckland-based settler government over issues of land ownership and sovereignty. Hostilities surrounding land purchases in Taranaki spread, erupting into a series of conflicts that became

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or unity movement was aimed at bringing to Māori the unity that was an obvious strength among the Europeans. It was believed that by having a monarch who could claim status similar to that of Queen Victoria, Māori would be able to deal with Pākehā on equal footing. It was also intended to establish a

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or chiefly war councils where land issues were raised and in May 1854 a large meeting—attracting as many as 2000 Māori leaders—was held at Manawapou in south Taranaki where speakers urged concerted opposition to selling land. The meetings provided an important forum for Te Rauparaha's son, Christian

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attended a gathering of Waikato Māori at Ngāruawāhia and tendered their formal allegiance to the king. Discussions at that meeting, and at a second meeting at Peria six weeks later that attracted a large group of supporters from the lower Waikato, centered on hostilities in Taranaki and the question

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noted: "In the eyes of his supporters, the chiefs who had raised him up had made him a repository for their own mana and tapu and for that of their lands. Pōtatau was now a man of intensified prestige and sacredness. This belief was to impel people to go to heroic lengths to uphold the kingship and,

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to resume hostilities against the government to try to wrest back the confiscated land. Tawhiao, however, had renounced war and declared 1867–68 as the "year of the lamb" and "year of peace"; in April 1869 he had issued another proclamation that "the slaying of man by man is to cease". Though there

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had been watching developments with concern. In June 1857 he wrote to London that "I apprehend no sort of danger from the present movement, but it is evident that the establishment of a separate nationality by the Māoris in any form or shape if persevered in would end sooner or later in collision."

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Mahuta, born about 1854, was raised during the wars of the 1860s and the exile that followed, and received no European education and spoke little English. By the time of his coronation support for the King movement had declined and its followers were limited mainly to the Tainui iwi in Waikato and

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Tāwhiao also instituted a system of annual poukais—visits by the King to Kīngitanga marae, which he devised as a means of drawing people back to their marae on a fixed day each year. The poukais later evolved into regular consultation meetings between Kīngitanga leadership and its followers where

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Recognition of the new King, however, was not immediate: though there was widespread respect for the movement's efforts in establishing a "land league" to slow land sales, Pōtatau's role was strongly embraced only by Waikato Māori, with iwi of North Auckland and south of Waikato showing him scant

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In his acceptance speech Pōtatau stressed the spirit of unity symbolised by the kingship and called on his people to "hold fast to love, to the law, and to faith in God." Over time the King movement came to have a flag, a council of state, a code of laws, a "King's Resident Magistrate", police, a

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From the early 1850s, North Island Māori came under increasing pressure to satisfy the demand of European settler farmers for arable land. While Māori cultivated small areas, relying on extensive forests for berry, birds and roots, settlers expanded their production capacity by burning forest and

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on Te Rata's return, the King discouraged Waikato enlistment—both because of Tawhaio's 1881 declaration that Waikato Māori would never again fight and continued resentment over the injustice of confiscation. Te Puea explained: "They tell us to fight for king and country. We've got a King, but we

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Pōtatau proclaimed the boundary separating his authority from that of the Governor, saying: "Let Maungatautari be our boundary. Do not encroach on this side. Likewise I am not to set foot on that side." The King envisaged a conjoint administration in which he ruled in territory still under Māori

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Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was the fifth in the line of Māori kings. Shy and reserved, he was crowned on 8 October 1933 at the age of about 25 and accepted the role reluctantly, protesting that with so many Waikato Māori living in poverty they could not afford a king.

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in 1892. Though all North Island iwi were invited to attend, participation was confined mainly to the Waikato, Maniapoto and Hauraki people who were already part of the King movement. The assembly's discussions included proceedings in the national Parliament, interpretations of the Treaty of

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Waitangi, the confiscation issue and conditions for land sales, but its deliberations and recommendations were either ignored or derided by the Parliament and public servants. The establishment of Tāwhiao's Kauhanganui coincided with the formation of a Māori Parliament at Waipatu Marae in

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The movement arose among a group of central North Island iwi in the 1850s as a means of attaining Māori unity to halt the alienation of land at a time of rapid population growth by European colonists. The movement sought to establish a monarch who could claim status similar to that of

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Throughout Mahuta's years as king, Waikato was mired in economic and social depression. Many Māori were landless and destitute because of confiscations, while those who did still own land were unable to make it productive. The area had severe health problems, with constant bouts of

674:, 500 acres at Ngāruawāhia, land in all the townships" as well as economic aid and rights over roads and land dealings. Tāwhiao refused the offer. Three years later, in July 1881, he summoned Resident Magistrate William Gilbert Mair to a meeting at Alexandra (today known as 453:

After initially declining—he was unwilling to undertake new ventures at his age and was described by a European visitor as blind and decrepit, "on the very brink of his grave"—Te Wherowhero agreed in September 1857 to accept the kingship and in June 1858 he was crowned at

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and that Māori were a separate nation. "I do not desire to cast the Queen from this island, but from own piece (of land). I am to be the person to overlook my own piece," he wrote. But Browne regarded the Kīngitanga stance as an act of disloyalty; his plans for the

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of the land of "rebel" Māori. The confiscation of 486,500 hectares of land, including fertile areas under cultivation, burial sites and areas that had been inhabited for centuries, was a bitter blow for Waikato Māori. In 1869 and 1870 Tāwhiao was challenged by

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parliament, and the standing Māori monarch. The position of the Māori king is mainly a highly respected ceremonial role within the Waikato Tainui iwi with limited powers. Nevertheless, the standing monarch is entitled to appoint one of the 11 members on the

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In 1913 Taingakawa convinced Te Rata to head another delegation to England to petition the Crown to revoke the land confiscations as a breach of the Treaty of Waitangi. An intertribal meeting at Raglan decided all King movement adherents would contribute a

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Throughout his reign he came under the strong but conflicting influence of several opposing factions which created some controversies; he also notably lost a battle with politicians to keep King Country free of liquor licences. He hosted a brief visit by

1810:(1977, pg 24) contains a slightly different chronology: He says the meeting at Pukawa beside Lake Taupō took place in November 1856 and it was there that chiefs agreed on Te Wherowhero. King says chiefs who were party to the Pukawa decision represented 306:(Europeans) on equal footing. It took on the appearance of an alternative government with its own flag, newspaper, bank, councillors, magistrates and law enforcement. It was viewed by the colonial government as a challenge to the supremacy of the 3017: 314:, which was partly motivated by a drive to neutralise the Kīngitanga's power and influence. Following their defeat at Ōrākau in 1864, Kīngitanga forces withdrew into the Ngāti Maniapoto tribal region of the North Island that became known as the 669:

through the centre of the North Island and open up the King Country to more settlers—made approaches to Tāwhiao to offer peace terms. Grey, by now Premier of New Zealand, visited the King in May 1878 to offer him "lands on the left bank of the

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Though there were still no signs the movement was developing an aggressive spirit, Browne soon began expressing his fear that "it will resolve into a conflict of race and become the greatest political difficulty we have had to contend with".

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to lead a deputation with a petition to the Crown about Māori land grievances but was refused an audience with the Queen. Back in New Zealand in 1886 and seeking Māori solutions to Māori problems through Māori institutions, he petitioned

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In principle the position of Māori monarch is not hereditary. Thus far however, the monarchy has been hereditary in effect, as every new Māori monarch has been the child of the previous monarch, descending in seven generations from

813:. Pomare won the seat by 565 votes. Te Puea's involvement in campaigning for Mahuta's preferred candidate marked her elevation to a position of chief organiser for the King movement, a role she held until her death in 1952. 1065:

to the present Māori queen. With each successive monarch, the role of Pōtatau's family has been entrenched, although after any reign ends there is the potential for the mantle to be passed to someone from another

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Kīngitanga forces were forced to fight a defensive war based on frustrating and slowing down their enemy but were unable to prevail over a full-time professional army with almost unlimited manpower and firepower.

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on 4 June on condition that nothing embarrassing would be raised. They departed England on 10 August, having gained nothing but the assurance their claims would be referred back to the New Zealand Government.

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and heart disease. With strong support from his cousin and protector Te Puea (later widely referred to as "Princess Te Puea"), he withstood a challenge to his authority by Taingakawa, who established a rival

3009: 3196: 466:, all of which gave the movement the appearance of an alternative government. The lives of his followers were given new purpose with the lawmaking, trials, and lengthy meetings and debates. Historian 539:'s forces and joined in the plunder of abandoned farms, but the intervention was unorganised and on a limited scale, relieving Taranaki settlers of some fear of full-scale Kīngitanga involvement. 241:, was crowned in 1858. The monarchy is non-hereditary in principle, although every monarch since Pōtatau Te Wherowhero has been a child of the previous monarch. The eighth monarch is 2721: 1412: 2621: 641:

and possibly Tāwhiao himself, moderates continued to warn the King that they had little chance of success and risked annihilation by becoming involved in Te Kooti's actions.

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From the beginning of his kingship Mahuta took an interest in politics: he pressed the government for compensation for the 1860s land confiscations, sponsored a relative,

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The use of the title of "Māori King" has been challenged by various Māori leaders, namely by those of the north. In his discourse, David Rankin, a leader of the Ngāpuhi

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that support the King movement. The tradition was started in the 1880s by Tāwhiao, the second Māori king. The gatherings include feasting and cultural performances.

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In 1911 Mahuta withdrew his backing for Kaihau in Western Maori after discovering he had presided over the loss of £50,000 of Kīngitanga moneys and used his niece,

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of iwi not associated (or strongly associated) with the movement is thereby diminished, infringing therefore upon their identity and autonomy as Māori and iwi.

1117:, explains that the monarch is not the king of all Māori. The argument states that by the kīngitanga claiming ownership of such a title, the rangatiratanga and 3843: 2511: 2269: 867:

a head to cover the cost and the four-man delegation sailed from Auckland on 11 April 1914. After initially being rebuffed, they gained an audience with King

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Several North Island candidates who were asked to put themselves forward declined; in February 1857, a few weeks after a key intertribal meeting in

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in December 1861 that the King movement was bad and should be abandoned. On 9 July 1863 Grey issued an ultimatum that all Māori living between

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Tamihana, a strategist revered as the "kingmaker", expressed the Kīngitanga movement's key concern in a letter to Browne at the close of the

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were fuelled in large part by his desire to uphold "the Queen's supremacy" in the face of the Kīngitanga challenge. Browne's successor, Sir

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Although the monarchs of the Kīngitanga are not recognised by New Zealand law or by many Māori iwi, they hold the distinction of being

270:. The influence of the Māori monarch is widespread in Māoridom despite the movement not being adhered to by several major iwi, notably 55: 3372: 1683:

side is Te Atuatanga, who represents the good and is the personification of spirituality. Together they symbolise the balance of life.

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for the establishment of a Māori Council "for all the chiefs of this Island". When this proposal, too, was ignored, he set up his own

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From about 1886 until about 1905 it also had a bank, the Bank of Aotearoa, which operated in Parawera, Maungatautari and Maungakawa.

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Te Puea continued to strengthen her position as an organiser and spiritual leader. She pioneered efforts to care for victims of the

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view of himself as an anointed leader of a chosen people wandering in the wilderness awaiting a deliverance into their inheritance.

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or boundary of the confiscated land. Governor Grey, meanwhile, began steering through Parliament legislation for the widespread

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territory, which was subsequently known as the King Country, declaring that Europeans risked death if they crossed the

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Te Rata died on 1 October 1933. Te Puea rejected a proposal to make her the Māori monarch, believing that 21-year-old

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Te Rohe Potae Political Engagement, a report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal, December 2010, pages 358—367"

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system of law and order in Māori communities to which the Auckland government had so far shown little interest.

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iwi in eastern Waikato, circulated a proposal to appoint as king the elderly and high-ranking Waikato chief

311: 2769: 1484: 963:, was elected as the first Māori Queen on 23 May 1966 and served until her death on 15 August 2006. In the 3365: 3270: 3223: 2889: 2590: 1613:

The coat of arms of the Kīngitanga was designed by Tīwai Parāone of Hauraki and Te Aokatoa of Waikato and

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for "...outstanding services to Māori people...". Her 40-year reign was the longest of any Māori monarch.

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and revived the recitation of tribal history, the singing of Waikato songs and other cultural traditions.

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Tāwhiao remained in exile for 20 years, wandering through Maniapoto and Taranaki settlements, adopting an

253: 66: 3787: 3713: 3163: 1658: 1558: 964: 657: 377: 81: 3878: 3695: 2976: 2947:"Kīngitanga – the Māori King movement: Te Atairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006–: Poukai marae" 1045:. She is the second queen of the Kīngitanga, after her grandmother Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu. 714:. This parliament, which consisted of 96 members from the North and South Islands under Prime Minister 331: 3570: 3483: 2916: 2589:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 8 November 2017. Archived from 1895: 1864: 1755: 1704: 678:) where he and 70 followers laid down their guns, then laid alongside them 70 roasted pigeons and a 3898: 3838: 3595: 2644: 2335: 1987: 1680: 1672: 1638: 1001: 589: 3580: 1838:

and Hauraki. Te Wherowhero, then aged in his mid-80s, was a descendant of Hoturoa, captain of the

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of a number of important Māori iwi and wield some power on a local level, especially within the

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or be expelled south of the Waikato River. Troops invaded Waikato territory three days later.

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were radical elements in the Kīngitanga movement who favoured a resumption of war, including

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The Illustrious Order of Te Arikinui Queen Te Atairangikaahu. Notable recipients include:

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A figure, Manawa ("the pulsating heart"), holding its tongue with both hands, and with a

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which explores the Kīngitanga movement and the history of the Waikato people. Requires

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funds were also raised to cover the movement's expenses and the upkeep of local marae.

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was sworn in as the Māori king on 21 August 2006. In August 2014, Tūheitia created a

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Tāwhiao and his close followers fled into the bush and steep limestone valleys of

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An early Māori King movement flag used during the reign of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero

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with the strokes between the double lines marking various stages of creation.

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movement on the day of the previous monarch's funeral and before the burial.

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Mahuta's health declined throughout 1912 and he died on 9 November, aged 57.

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electorate and from the late 1890s made frequent contact with Prime Minister

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Tāwhiao died suddenly on 26 August 1894 and was succeeded by his oldest son,

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fern and planting grass seed in the ashes. Some influential chiefs including

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to secure the agreement of influential North Island chiefs to his idea. The

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Pōtatau died of influenza on 25 June 1860 and was succeeded by his son,

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The Māori monarch operates in a non-constitutional capacity outside the

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for more than three and a half centuries, though with two exceptions:

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The Order of King Pootatau Te Wherowhero. Notable recipients include:

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is to use doubled vowels rather than macrons to indicate long vowels.

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The monarch is appointed by the leaders of the iwi involved in the

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in the 1850s, to establish a role similar in status to that of the

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customary title while the Governor ruled in areas acquired by the

418: 3262: 2295:"Māori King movement origins: A challenge to European authority?" 3708: 3680: 1676: 1023:, Tūheitia died while recovering from heart surgery. He was 69. 596:, told a large Māori gathering at Taupari near the mouth of the 3354: 3266: 2712:"Māori King Tūheitia dies aged 69, just days after Koroneihana" 3510: 1794: 1172:

Three honours were created by the Kīngitanga in 2014, namely:

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Kiingi Tūheitia presenting honours to King Charles III, 2023

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Following the death of his mother, Dame Te Atairangikaahu,

2745:"New Māori monarch named: Queen Ngā Wai hono i te po Paki" 2553:. Department of History, University of Auckland: 161–183. 1082:

elected monarchy since 1890. Power is divided between the

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or iwi if the chiefs of the various iwi are in agreement.

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Mahuta Tāwhiao, third Māori king, who was crowned in 1894.

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On 30 August 2024, just over a week after his eighteenth

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Koroki Mahuta, fifth Māori king, who was crowned in 1933.

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opposed land sales in the 1840s (culminating in the 1843

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is traditionally used during the crowning of a monarch.

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on its head. Above Manawa are seven stars representing

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is an annual circuit of visits by the Māori monarch to

838:. He was shy and physically weak, having long suffered 2770:"Leaders to debate succession and Kīngitanga's future" 2101:(2000 ed.). Auckland: Penguin. pp. 115–119. 2614:"Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Wherowhero" 2482:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 134. 2008:– via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 522:

On 10 April 1860, three weeks after the start of the

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Coat of arms of the Kīngitanga – Te Paki-o-Matariki

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Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero

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Shared monarchy of numerous Māori iwi of New Zealand

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Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero

177: 166: 158: 148: 135: 114: 109: 105: 74: 34: 2220:. Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 31–34. 2153:"Māori King movement origins: In search of a king" 1364:Hera Ngāpora, Rangiaho Taimana, Aotea Te Paratene 855:. Te Puea built up facilities at the Mangatawhiri 583:in 1861. He said Waikato iwi had never signed the 233:of the British colonists, as a way of halting the 2800:"How the next Māori King or Queen will be chosen" 2510:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 973:Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire 2577: 2575: 2540:"Te Peeke o Aotearoa – The Bank of King Tawhiao" 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 1347:Tūkaroto Matutaera Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Tāwhiao 2667:(1st supplement). 30 December 1969. p. 42. 2403:. Sydney: Sydney University Press. p. 148. 2289: 2287: 2446:"Māori King movement 1860–94: Response to war" 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 604:and the Waikato take an oath of allegiance to 298:and thus provide a way for Māori to deal with 3366: 3278: 2793: 2791: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2123:"Māori King movement origins: The land issue" 1830:as well as the "first circle" of supporters, 1037:King Tuheitia's daughter and youngest child, 665:From the 1870s the Government—keen to push a 371:Around 1853 Māori revived the ancient tribal 8: 3095:Royal, Te Ahukaramū Charles (1 March 2017). 2642:"New Year Honours List" (15 January 1970) 1 2504:"Māori King movement 1860–94: Tensions ease" 1419:Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 282:. The headquarters for the King movement is 3293: 2855:"PM not bowing to pressure over Maori King" 2031:Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou: Struggle Without End 1781: 1717: 1694: 1661:is a double spiral, Kōpū, representing the 1642: 1622: 1278: 1263: 399: 391: 385: 299: 261: 214: 196: 127: 118: 60: 44: 3373: 3359: 3351: 3285: 3271: 3263: 2676: 2674: 2256: 2254: 2248:(Stuttgart: 1867); pg. 456, cited in King. 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 1851:An analogous situation is the position of 1601: 1594: 1565:Nga wai hono i te po Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 1095:, the executive board of the Kauhanganui. 959:Te Atairangikaahu, daughter of Māori King 31: 3591:Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements 2533: 2531: 2529: 2412: 2410: 2401:War and Politics in New Zealand 1855–1870 2075:War and Politics in New Zealand 1855–1870 1896:"Te Wiki o Te Reo Maaori Discovery Trail" 3159:Te Paki-o-Matariki Lecture by Rahui Papa 2951:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 2921:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1981: 1979: 1900:Waikato Museum Te Whare Taonga o Waikato 1230: 650: 559: 346: 330: 3105:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 2861:. Auckland. 2 June 2011. Archived from 2424:. Auckland: Penguin. pp. 119–125. 1887: 1773: 755:Ngāti Maniapoto from the King Country. 2618:Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 2583:"Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero" 1988:"Māori King – Election and Coronation" 1953: 1951: 1595: 446:and a major meeting was organised for 3189:"Ngā mihi manahau o te tau hou Māori" 3076:from the original on 2 September 2024 2798:McConnell, Glenn (4 September 2024). 1191:Abigail Kinoiki Kekaulike Kawānanakoa 879:With New Zealand already involved in 237:of Māori land. The first Māori king, 7: 2987:from the original on 5 December 2023 2692:from the original on 17 October 2017 2624:from the original on 22 October 2013 2560:from the original on 21 October 2013 1960:Bateman New Zealand Historical Atlas 1711:, representing housing and clothing. 1383:Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 902:was held there on 25 December 1921. 685:He travelled to London in 1884 with 3925:1850s establishments in New Zealand 2977:"King bestows Order of the Taniwha" 2957:from the original on 11 August 2019 2743:Kerr, Florence (5 September 2024). 2724:from the original on 30 August 2024 2682:"Maori King creates honours system" 2612:Ballara, Angela (30 October 2012). 2514:from the original on 11 August 2019 2456:from the original on 11 August 2019 2000:from the original on 10 August 2019 1027:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō (2024–present) 1013: 567:, the second Māori king (1860–1894) 213:that arose among some of the Māori 3390:Indigenous people of New Zealand ( 3020:from the original on 12 April 2024 2825:"Executive body of Te Kauhanganui" 2368:The Penguin history of New Zealand 2077:. Sydney: Sydney University Press. 2033:. Auckland: Penguin. p. 126. 682:, explaining, "This means peace." 526:, deputations from west coast iwi 519:their fathers had won in battle." 25: 3111:from the original on 29 June 2024 2370:. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Books. 3874:Influence on New Zealand English 3199:from the original on 3 July 2024 2981:Waatea News: Māori Radio Station 2927:from the original on 29 May 2019 2897:from the original on 4 June 2011 2831:. Waikato Tainui. Archived from 2305:from the original on 7 June 2019 2272:from the original on 7 June 2019 2163:from the original on 7 June 2019 2133:from the original on 7 June 2019 1936:from the original on 27 May 2022 1906:from the original on 3 July 2022 1557: 1521: 1483: 1447: 1411: 1375: 1339: 1300: 967:Te Atairangikaahu was the first 471:subsequently, to fight for it." 80: 54: 3249:Tangata Whenua: Waikato episode 1993:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1361:Tūkaroto Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 249:and crowned in September 2024. 3561:Minister for Māori Development 2547:New Zealand Journal of History 1751:New Zealand land confiscations 1621:, and has been given the name 1529:Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 1234: 1208:. Notable recipients include: 1129:A coronation celebration, the 851:(assembly) at Rukumoana, near 705:, a Kīngitanga parliament, at 310:, leading in turn to the 1863 1: 2538:Park, Stuart (October 1992). 1763:(the Kīngitanga's parliament) 1627:meaning "the fine weather of 1328:, Waiata, Raharaha, Ngāwaero 941:Te Atairangikaahu (1966–2006) 632:prophet and guerrilla leader 3431:United Tribes of New Zealand 1990:. In McLintock, A.H. (ed.). 1553: 1517: 1479: 1443: 1407: 1371: 1335: 1296: 937:Ngāruawāhia on 18 May 1966. 770:and Native Affairs Minister 343:as Māori King, drawn in 1863 3981: 3879:Language immersion schools 2508:New Zealand History Online 2450:New Zealand History Online 2299:New Zealand History Online 2266:New Zealand History Online 2157:New Zealand History Online 2127:New Zealand History Online 1806:Michael King's account in 1579:Nga wai hono i te po Paki 1472:Te Atairangikaahu Hērangi 1078:The Kīngitanga has been a 1030: 982: 944: 916: 898:at Ngāruawāhia. The first 823: 820:Te Rata Mahuta (1912–1933) 739: 553: 462:surveyor and a newspaper, 450:in April to deal with it. 412: 278:, and the largest of all, 3884:Māori Language Commission 3388: 3300: 3137:. Te Aka Māori Dictionary 2885:"Tuheitia new Maori king" 2242:Ferdinand von Hochstetter 1689:On the dexter side are a 1617:during the reign of King 1271: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1241: 1238: 1233: 1193:, in 2014 (Supreme Class) 1182:, in 2023 (Supreme Class) 955:Te Atairangikaahu in 1975 913:Koroki Mahuta (1933–1966) 392: 386: 262: 215: 101: 88: 79: 53: 42: 2099:A History of New Zealand 2097:Sinclair, Keith (2000). 1986:Foster, Bernard (1966). 667:north–south railway link 3950:Monarchy of New Zealand 1746:Invasion of the Waikato 1741:Flags of the Kīngitanga 1505:Pikimene Korokī Mahuta 1199:, in 2023 (First Class) 889:1918 influenza epidemic 390:(tribes), and used the 339:on the proclamation of 312:invasion of the Waikato 3894:Te Wiki o te Reo Māori 3889:Māori language revival 3458:Māori protest movement 3409:Māori migration canoes 3224:The New Zealand Herald 2890:The New Zealand Herald 1782: 1718: 1695: 1643: 1623: 1279: 1264: 1227:List of Māori monarchs 1169: 1133:, is held annually at 1005: 956: 928: 751: 662: 568: 503: 427: 423:The first Māori King, 400: 352: 344: 300: 254:New Zealand government 197: 128: 119: 97:since 5 September 2024 61: 45: 3825:Representative teams 3305:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 3164:University of Waikato 3135:maoridictionary.co.nz 3131:"Paki o Matariki, Te" 2399:Dalton, B.J. (1967). 2073:Dalton, B.J. (1967). 1663:creation of the world 1308:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 1167: 1086:, the Kīngitanga and 1063:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 992: 965:New Year Honours 1970 954: 926: 749: 654: 563: 493: 425:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 422: 415:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 409:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 378:Tamihana Te Rauparaha 350: 341:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 334: 239:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 153:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero 3955:1850s in New Zealand 3340:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō 3097:"Te Paki-o-Matariki" 2422:The New Zealand Wars 2218:Te Puea: A Biography 1865:House of Wittelsbach 1756:Pei te Hurinui Jones 1039:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō 1033:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō 1014:Māori Honours System 979:Tūheitia (2006–2024) 830:Mahuta's eldest son 335:The flag hoisted at 243:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō 92:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō 3965:Māori King movement 3596:Tino rangatiratanga 3576:Māori King movement 2645:New Zealand Gazette 2325:"Vincent O'Malley, 1719:Ko te Mana Motuhake 1597: 1002:King of New Zealand 776:Legislative Council 590:invasion of Waikato 284:Tūrangawaewae Marae 192:Māori King movement 3651:Polynesian culture 3639:Ghosts and spirits 3453:Land confiscations 3436:Treaty of Waitangi 2983:. 21 August 2014. 2893:. 21 August 2006. 2835:on 6 February 2013 2720:. 30 August 2024. 2688:. 21 August 2014. 2664:The London Gazette 2593:on 7 November 2016 2341:on 3 February 2017 1962:. 1997. plate 36. 1853:Holy Roman Emperor 1724:spiritual prestige 1624:Te Paki-o-Matariki 1170: 1006: 971:to be appointed a 957: 929: 752: 716:Hāmiora Mangakāhia 663: 658:Te Paki o Matariki 585:Treaty of Waitangi 581:First Taranaki War 569: 511:chief and warlord 504: 484:Thomas Gore Browne 428: 353: 345: 149:First monarch 137:Heir apparent 62:Te Paki-o-Matariki 3912: 3911: 3571:Māori electorates 3348: 3347: 3330:Te Atairangikaahu 2686:Radio New Zealand 2587:NZ History Online 2240:German geologist 1873:House of Lorraine 1857:House of Habsburg 1732: 1731: 1588: 1587: 1573:5 September 2024 1570: 1534: 1496: 1491:Te Atairangikaahu 1460: 1427:24 November 1912 1424: 1388: 1352: 1313: 1283: 1268: 1250: 1204:The Order of the 947:Te Atairangikaahu 550:Matutaera Tāwhiao 544:Matutaera Tāwhiao 438:, a chief of the 188: 187: 184:of the Kīngitanga 69:of the Kīngitanga 16:(Redirected from 3972: 3899:Māori Television 3441:New Zealand Wars 3375: 3368: 3361: 3352: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3264: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3193:www.facebook.com 3187:(27 June 2016). 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3070:www.facebook.com 3064:(14 July 2020). 3058: 3052: 3047: 3041: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3006: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2953:. 20 June 2012. 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2923:. 20 June 2012. 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2776:. 16 August 2006 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2655: 2649: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2559: 2544: 2535: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2480:Redemption Songs 2472: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2414: 2405: 2404: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2360: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2340: 2334:. 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