145:. FM-System engines feature spark ignition, but still keep characteristics that are typical of Diesel engines, such as internal mixture formation and quality torque control. Therefore, FM engines are neither Diesel, nor Otto engines; instead, they operate on a hybrid combustion process. Compared to regular M-System engines, the exhaust behaviour is better. The spark plugs used for FM-System engines are located at the opposite side of the injection nozzle and usually have two parallel pin electrodes, or three mass electrodes.
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relatively low injection pressure, this results in a fine fuel film on the combustion chamber walls. However, a small portion of the fuel is injected into the air to initiate combustion, which raises the temperature inside the cylinder. The elevated temperature then causes the fuel film to vaporise and combust. Regular Diesel engines mix air and fuel
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Diesel engine starting from 1967, which is the engine with the highest production number featuring the M-System. In the mid 1960s, J. Böttger claimed that MAN M-engines did not operate on the principle described in Meurer's patent (DBP 865683), which resulted in a patent lawsuit. FM-System engines
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The idea of this operating principle is creating an air-fuel mixture that is more homogeneous with a dispersion of air and fuel that is more even than in regular Diesel engines. Thus, M-System engines have relatively good air utilisation and can operate under heavy load without sooting. Due to the
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the walls of the combustion chamber that is solely located inside the piston, and shaped like a sphere. The M-System was rendered obsolete by modern fuel injection systems for Diesel engines. Due to its particularities, the M-System was only used for stationary applications and commercial vehicle
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walls to obtain better efficiency, in M-System engines, the fuel is injected onto the walls of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is located inside the piston bowl and shaped like a sphere. Usually, M-System engines have single-spray or twin-spray injectors. In combination with the
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M-System engines suffer from high heat-transfer and flow losses, resulting in reduced efficiency and therefore higher fuel consumption. Furthermore, the thermal loads of both piston and cylinder head are very high, making M-System engines not very suitable for
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injection. Due to the low velocity of the fuel vaporising from the combustion chamber walls, the air velocity has to be great to achieve a high relative air-fuel velocity to aid mixing. Therefore, M-System engines have special whirl intake ports.
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engineer, continued development of the M-System and prepared it for series production. Meurer obtained a patent (DBP 865683) on the M-System in 1951. First prototype M-System engines ran on the test bench in 1954 and 1955.
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A special iteration of the M-System, the FM-System, was designed to further improve the M-System's multifuel characteristics. FM is an abbreviation for the German word
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low amount of fuel that is mixed with air as ignition begins, the increase in pressure is fairly low, resulting in low combustion noise.
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injection by creating a high fuel velocity with high injection pressure. In M-System engines however, mixing air and fuel takes place
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German engineer Kurt Blume is said to have had the idea of the M-System in 1940. In 1941, he first brought his idea to paper. After
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M-System engine with its cylinder head removed. Note the piston with the characteristic sphere-shaped combustion chamber. (
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In M-System engines, the fuel is not exposed to heat during the injection phase, which not only allows using regular
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118:) of ca. 156 g/PS·h (212 g/kW·h), equivalent to an efficiency of approximately 40 per cent.
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Ottomotor mit
Direkteinspritzung und Direkteinblasung: Ottokraftstoffe, Erdgas, Methan, Wasserstoff
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Unlike regular Diesel engines, in which the fuel is injected as far away as possible from the
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engines, passenger car engines with this design have never been made. The letter
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Plaste, Blech und
Planwirtschaft: die Geschichte des Automobilbaus in der DDR
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255:(in German). Berlin: Technischer Verlag Herbert Cram. p. 60.
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ATZ, Automobiltechnische
Zeitschrift, Volume 75, 1973. p. 152
107:. Under medium load, M-System engines emit high levels of
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Leistung und Weg: Zur
Geschichte des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus
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Leistung und Weg: Zur
Geschichte des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus
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have been used from the late-1960s to the mid-1980s.
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M-System engines have a specific fuel consumption (b
181:acquired a licence for the M-System and built the
203:Ein Jahrhundert Automobiltechnik: Personenwagen
143:spark ignition centre sphere combustion process
348:Hans Christian Graf von Seherr-Thoß (auth.):
278:Hans Christian Graf von Seherr-Thoß (auth.):
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407:, in Kraftfahrzeugtechnik, 05/1965, page 164
405:Zum Patentstreit über das M.A.N.-M-Verfahren
229:Richard van Basshuysen, Fred Schäfer (ed.):
48:. In M-System engines, the fuel is injected
331:. 2nd edition, Schrader, Stuttgart 2002.
310:, 4th edition, Springer, Wiesbaden 2017.
233:, 8th edition, Springer, Wiesbaden 2017.
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57:is an abbreviation for the German word
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386:, 2nd edition, Nicolai, Berlin 2001.
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356:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1991.
350:Die Technik des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus
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286:, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1991.
280:Die Technik des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus
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352:, in MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG (ed.):
160:, a lorry with an M-System engine
139:Fremdzündungsmittenkugelverfahren
329:Nutzfahrzeuge in der DDR, Band 2
63:centre sphere combustion process
168:, J. Siegfried Meurer, then an
306:Richard van Basshuysen (ed.):
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253:Automobiltechnisches Handbuch
205:, Springer, Düsseldorf 1986,
282:in: Nutzfahrzeuge AG (ed.):
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403:Kammer der Technik (ed.):
251:Bussien, Richard (1965).
433:Diesel engine technology
201:Olaf von Fersen (ed.):
428:Fuel injection systems
241:. Chaptep 15.1, p. 761
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32:, also referred to as
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59:Mittenkugelverfahren
38:M combustion process
128:Diesel engine fuels
122:Multifuel operation
69:Operating principle
183:4 VD 14,5/12-1 SRW
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83:combustion chamber
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22:4 VD 14,5/12-1 SRW
423:German inventions
392:978-3-87584-027-8
382:Peter Kirchberg:
362:978-3-642-93490-2
292:978-3-642-93490-2
262:978-3-11-002712-9
239:978-3-658-10902-8
211:978-3-642-95773-4
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318:. p. 23–24
190:References
141:, meaning
134:as fuels.
61:, meaning
364:. p. 465.
77:Schematic
34:M-Process
394:. p. 757
339:. p. 100
294:. p. 438
213:. p. 279
30:M-System
28:The MAN
158:IFA W50
149:History
40:, is a
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36:and
179:IFA
170:MAN
132:RON
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116:e
55:M
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