98:(GB). On the outside of the device were "vanes"; the vanes created a spin which armed the impact fuze. This "spin-to-arm" type fuze required between 1,000 and 2,000 rotations per minute to arm, which made handling the bomblets simpler because they were insensitive to normal movements. The bomblet's interior contained a central explosive burster charge, containing 0.16 pounds (73 g) of
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The M139 bomblet was used by the U.S. Army in at least two instances of chemical weapons testing. In 1967 there were two series of tests which sought to learn the effects of sarin dropped in the bomblets over two different types of forest environment. The first series of tests, known as Green Mist,
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was deployed in the 1960s, it had the capacity to deliver a warhead carrying 330 M139 bomblets. In total, about 60,000 M139s were produced and stored; almost all were destroyed between April and
November 1976.
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dispenser in a summer forest environment. The tests were collectively known as "Dew Point". Both 1967 testing operations were overseen by the U.S. Army's
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327:", Force Health Protection & Readiness Policy & Programs, The Chemical-Biological Warfare Exposures Site, accessed November 13, 2008.
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The M139 was a 4.5-inch (11 cm) spherical bomblet that was filled with 1.3 pounds (590 g) of
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In 1964, a new warhead size was standardized for the smaller, 12.5-inch (320 mm) diameter,
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208:: Chapter 2 - History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective, (
119:. The Hawaii tests used both sarin nerve agent and the simulant methylacetoacetate.
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The official website of the
Military Health System and the Defense Health Agency
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The official website of the
Military Health System and the Defense Health Agency
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Another test using the M139 took place at the
Gerstle River test site, near
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was an
American sub-munition designed for use in warheads as a chemical
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Program
Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
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The M139 bomblet was the same size as the preceding M134.
42:. Each spherical bomblet held 1.3 pounds (590 g) of
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U.S. Army
Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
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took place March 25–April 24, 1967. Conducted in
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Unethical human experimentation in the United States
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198:Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare
62:but not deployed, owing to a variety of problems.
245:Chemical Demilitarization: Public Policy Aspects
69:. The warhead held 52 M139 bomblets. When the
458:Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
391:U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
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251:), Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, p. 20, (
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54:A spherical chemical cluster munition, the
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154:, a biological weapon analogue to the M139
86:M139 bomblet discovered during cleanup at
30:A view of the interior of an M139 bomblet.
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508:Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
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855:Chemical weapon delivery systems
138:. Both M139 tests were part of
307:, accessed September 22, 2016.
283:, accessed September 22, 2016.
1:
277:Fact Sheet — Green Mist
229:, accessed November 12, 2008.
227:Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base
58:, had been developed for the
565:Operation Davy Jones' Locker
468:Pine Bluff Chemical Activity
318:Project 112/SHAD Fact Sheets
301:Fact Sheet — Dew Point
613:Methylphosphonyl difluoride
886:
448:Edgewood Chemical Activity
433:Anniston Chemical Activity
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602:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
412:Chemical mortar battalion
16:Chemical cluster munition
386:U.S. Army Chemical Corps
106:Tests involving the M139
752:XM736 8-inch projectile
483:Umatilla Chemical Depot
747:M687 155 mm projectile
717:M360 105 mm projectile
677:M121 155 mm projectile
672:M110 155 mm projectile
667:M104 155 mm projectile
463:Newport Chemical Depot
443:Deseret Chemical Depot
381:2nd Chemical Battalion
374:centers and institutes
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88:Rocky Mountain Arsenal
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824:Dugway sheep incident
742:M60 105 mm projectile
732:M44 generator cluster
473:Pueblo Chemical Depot
438:Blue Grass Army Depot
421:Industrial facilities
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776:Protective equipment
657:BLU-80/B Bigeye bomb
544:Operation Ranch Hand
453:Hawthorne Army Depot
19:For other uses, see
727:M43 BZ cluster bomb
575:Operation Steel Box
428:Anniston Army Depot
243:Mauroni, Albert J.
136:Deseret Test Center
819:CB military symbol
570:Operation Geranium
372:Units, formations,
323:2014-10-20 at the
215:2015-09-23 at the
203:2012-08-26 at the
195:Smart, Jeffery K.
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67:Little John rocket
60:Honest John rocket
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722:M426 8-inch shell
707:M23 chemical mine
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580:Operation Red Hat
513:Operation Top Hat
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860:Submunitions
697:M139 bomblet
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692:M138 bomblet
687:M134 bomblet
682:M125 bomblet
523:Project SHAD
494:and projects
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249:Google Books
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152:M143 bomblet
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36:M139 bomblet
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803:M1135 NBCRV
767:Weteye bomb
635:Mustard gas
537:Operational
518:Project 112
140:Project 112
124:Fort Greely
117:rain forest
849:Categories
737:M55 rocket
492:Operations
398:(USAMRICD)
257:027597796X
219:: p. 59),
159:References
757:MC-1 bomb
702:M2 mortar
650:Munitions
762:M47 bomb
619:Phosgene
608:Chlorine
553:Disposal
501:Research
321:Archived
213:Archived
201:Archived
146:See also
834:MKULTRA
788:M93 Fox
50:History
594:Agents
255:
132:SADEYE
128:Alaska
113:Hawaii
629:Sarin
96:sarin
44:sarin
793:MOPP
783:CAIS
637:(HD)
631:(GB)
615:(DF)
604:(BZ)
253:ISBN
56:M134
34:The
21:M139
303:",
279:",
247:, (
210:PDF
851::
641:VX
624:QL
288:^
264:^
259:).
234:^
182:^
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126:,
357:e
350:t
343:v
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90:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
