67:, the M143 carried a 0.02-ounce (0.5 g) explosive charge meant to disseminate the agent upon impact. Eight percent of the liquid released from the M143 was in the form of an inhalable aerosol. When filled, the bomblet had a mass of 0.75 pounds (0.34 kg) and 6.4 US fluid ounces (190 ml) of liquid agent could contain 6x10
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and its decay rate as well as its animal infectivity data. The tests involved M143 bomblets being dropped from a tower-mounted gun into a wintertime spruce forest. E26 and M32 dissemination devices were also used. The tests disseminated the following biological agents or simulants:
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55:, which could hold 720 individual bomblets. If that system released the bomblets at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,000 m), the weapon could attain a coverage area of 60 square miles (160 km).
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The M143 bomblet was produced at the peak of U.S. biological delivery systems development during the 1960s. Essentially a biological version of the M139 bomblet, the M143 was smaller than the M139. The
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using tiara as a simulant could not be completed because of "international considerations", and an alternate test site was found in Hawaii at the Ōlaʻa Forest, southwest of
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71:. Given the lethality of even a small amount of biological agent, the amount of anthrax contained in the bomblet would be the equivalent of 300 million lethal doses.
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MISTEYE I weapons system
Sergeant missile biological warhead over a jungle. The Panama tests took place in February 1964 and the Hawaii tests, using the simulant
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323:", Force Health Protection & Readiness Policy & Programs, The Chemical-Biological Warfare Exposures Site, accessed November 13, 2008.
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83:. Two tests, collectively dubbed "Yellow Leaf" sought to test the M143 and biological agents in a jungle environment. Tests planned for the
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91:. The goals of the Yellow Leaf tests were to learn the effectiveness of the M143 in a jungle environment, the area of coverage for a
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sub-munition developed by the United States during the 1960s. The spherical bomblet was the biological version of the Sarin-filled
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The M143 was a spherical bomblet that had a diameter of 3.4 inches (8.6 cm). Designed to carry a liquid
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Other tests, known as "Red Cloud", took place from
November 1966-February 1967 in the
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202:: Chapter 2 - History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective, (
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The M143 bomblet was used in multiple biological weapons effectiveness tests by the
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303:, Deployment Health Support Directorate, accessed November 12, 2008.
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143:. Both Red Cloud and Yellow Leaf were overseen by the U.S. Army's
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Chapter 6 - An
Overview of Emerging Missile State Countermeasures
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Office of the
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)
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Office of the
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)
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116:. The main goal of Red Cloud was to obtain data on
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871:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
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861:Biological weapon delivery systems
810:Korean War bio-warfare allegations
101:, took place from April-May 1966.
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805:Soviet biological weapons program
769:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
704:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs
51:system used the M143 in its M210
825:U.S. biological defense program
820:U.S. biological weapons program
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759:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
216:, accessed November 12, 2008.
214:Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base
127:(both wet and dry variants),
314:Project 112/SHAD Fact Sheets
754:Horn Island Testing Station
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835:War Bureau of Consultants
749:Granite Peak Installation
259:Fact Sheet - Yellow Leaf
75:Tests involving the M143
621:Operations and testing
592:Flettner rotor bomblet
290:Fact Sheet - Red Cloud
119:Francisella tularensis
800:Entomological warfare
729:Dugway Proving Ground
663:Operation Magic Sword
643:Operation Dark Winter
36:M139 chemical bomblet
21:M143 (disambiguation)
840:War Research Service
830:U.S. bio-weapons ban
567:E48 particulate bomb
19:For other uses, see
774:Vigo Ordnance Plant
724:Deseret Test Center
678:Operation Whitecoat
673:Operation Polka Dot
653:Operation Drop Kick
628:Operation Sea-Spray
147:, and were part of
145:Deseret Test Center
134:Serratia marcescens
16:Biological munition
795:Biological warfare
764:Pine Bluff Arsenal
638:Operation Big Itch
633:Operation Big Buzz
395:Enterotoxin type B
319:2008-12-20 at the
295:2009-03-09 at the
264:2009-03-09 at the
197:2012-08-26 at the
189:Smart, Jeffery K.
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668:Operation May Day
552:E133 cluster bomb
424:Researched agents
368:Weaponized agents
98:Bacillus globigii
85:Panama Canal Zone
30:was a biological
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790:Biological agent
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866:Submunitions
739:Fort Douglas
734:Fort Detrick
719:Building 470
714:Building 257
709:Building 101
607:M143 bomblet
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562:E23 munition
557:E14 munition
547:E120 bomblet
531:Yellow fever
451:Dengue fever
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161:E120 bomblet
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28:M143 bomblet
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683:Project 112
496:Psittacosis
476:Melioidosis
471:Lassa fever
385:Brucellosis
149:Project 112
129:B. globigii
110:Fort Greely
855:Categories
744:Fort Terry
697:Facilities
511:Rinderpest
466:Hantavirus
400:Rice blast
206:: p. 51),
172:References
602:M115 bomb
597:M114 bomb
540:Munitions
405:Tularemia
93:U.S. Navy
81:U.S. Army
572:E61 bomb
516:Smallpox
461:Glanders
441:Bird flu
380:Botulism
317:Archived
293:Archived
262:Archived
195:Archived
155:See also
390:Q fever
375:Anthrax
53:warhead
42:History
521:Typhus
486:Plague
137:, and
114:Alaska
501:Ricin
446:CHIKV
108:near
89:Hilo
26:The
526:WEE
506:RVF
481:VND
456:EEE
436:BHF
431:AHF
410:VEE
299:",
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204:PDF
857::
277:^
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