133:
260:
into
Zoopagomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Kickxellomycotina, and Mucoromycotina. The study put these groups as being sister to Dikarya, but without further research, their exact locations in Fungi remain unknown. Many of the questions regarding these groups stem from the difficulty of collecting and growing them in culture, so the current groupings are based on the few that have been successfully collected and which could undergo genomic testing with a certain level of accuracy.
338:) 7 genera, and 40 species. Not much is known about this order, other than readily noticeable characteristics. They produce subterranean sporocarps, which are ingested by small mammals attracted by the fetid odor they produce. Cultured specimens have shown that they produce coenocytic mycelium, and can be saprotrophic or mycorrhizal. This order was first described in 1931 by Jacz. & P.A.Jacz., after being monographed in 1922 by Thaxter.
151:
25:
251:, but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that it was polyphyletic and thus split into several groups, it is now thought to be a paraphyletic grouping. Mucoromycotina is currently composed of 3 orders, 61 genera, and 325 species. Some common characteristics seen throughout the species include: development of coenocytic mycelium, saprotrophic lifestyles, and filamentous.
437:. Arbuscular endomycorrhizal interactions are when the fungi is allowed to enter the plant, and inhabit special cells. The fungi produce structures that look like trees, called “arbuscules,” inside these cells. Ectomycorrhizal interactions are similar symbioses, however the fungi are not allowed into any plant cells, though they may grow between them.
368:
mycelium, with branched sporangia, and produce a garlic-like odor. They are widespread, showing up in soil samples from many different locations. The most studied genera in this order is
Mortierella, which contains species that cause crown rot in strawberries. There are currently 6 families and 13 described genera, with more than 100 species.
429:, literally “fungus-root”, interactions are symbioses between fungi and plants. Such interactions are based on nutrient acquisition and sharing, the fungi increases the range over which nutrients are gathered and the plant provides materials that the fungi cannot produce. There are two main types of interactions:
353:
asexually. Much is known about this order since some of the species cause damage to stored food, with several others causing mycosis in immune compromised individuals. The order was proposed in 1878 by van
Tieghem, as the examined samples did not fit in with what was Entomophthorales at the time.
574:
A study was conducted examining insecticidal properties of several fungi species, Mortierella was included. The study focused on species isolated from
Antarctica, with the intention of identifying potentially useful adaptations. They found that the Mortierella species examined was shown to have
259:
Zygomycete fungi were originally only ascribed to the phylum
Zygomycota. Such classifications were based on physiological characteristics with little genetic support. A genetic study of Zygomycete fungi performed in 2016 showed that further classification of the group was possible, thus splitting it
310:
Studies have currently divided
Mucoromycotina into 3 orders: Endognales, Mucorales, and Mortierellales. All three orders contain species that are saprotrophic, with others forming relationships with other organisms. There are still many questions regarding Mucoromycotina and the organisms that
528:
in
Endogonales, contains species that grow in sand dunes, aiding the plants that grow in the nutrient-poor soils. The mycelium that is formed also plays a role in soil stabilization, preventing erosion. Other species produce fruiting bodies that are included in the diets of various small
550:
Crown rot is a plant disease caused by species in
Mucorales. The disease is characterized by rotting tissue at or near where the stem meets the soil. Treatment is difficult if not caught in its early stages, and usually results in the death of the plant. Crown rot is seen in cereal
498:
Phylogenetic studies have been unable to place
Mucoromycotina in any definitive location within fungi, however some research has suggested that the lineage is fairly old. Due to recent advancements allowing for better phylogenetic studies, species assigned to closely related groups are being
515:
With the improvement of phylogenetic studies, the placement of several established groups in fungi have been called into question. There is some debate regarding the relationship between
Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycota, with some species currently in Glomeromycota being moved to Mucoromycotina.
367:
Previously considered a family of Mucorales, it was suggested as its own order in 1998. At the time it only contained 2 genera, one of which remains. What is known is that species in this order can be parasitic or saprotrophic in nature. Cultured specimens show that they produce a fine
417:
A common infection of plants by some species in Mucorales is referred to as crown rot or stem rot, common symptoms are: rotting near the soil line, rotting on one side or on lateral branches. Treatment is difficult if not caught in its early stages, and usually results in the death of the
390:
The species described in this subphylum have evolved 3 main lifestyles: saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, or parasitic. Saprotrophic species are involved in decomposition of organic matter, mycorrhizal species form symbiotic relationships with plants, and parasitic species form harmful symbiotic
583:
A recurring problem with study of this phylum, is the difficulty in culturing specimens. Many of the species identified and used in phylogenetic studies, or others, have been collected in the field with few of them being cultured in labs. Such an issue impacts the ability to produce
352:
Often referred to as pin molds, members of this order produce sporangia held up on hyphae, called sporangiophores. There are currently 13 families in this order, divided into 56 genera, and approximately 300 species. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic in nature and reproduce
477:
The majority of the species in this group are saprotrophic, and thus form no known relationships with plants. They do however play a role in nutrient transfer through the breakdown of decaying organic matter. The few that are parasitic are only so for animals and not plants.
418:
plant. Crown rot is seen in cereal plants (wheat, barley), with experiments from 2015 showing crop losses at 0.01 t/ha per unit increase in crown rot index or more. In addition to cereal plants, crown rot is seen in strawberries and other such low growing plants.
693:
Spatafora, J. W.; Chang, Y.; Benny, G. L.; Lazarus, K.; Smith, M. E.; Berbee, M. L.; Bonito, G.; Corradi, N.; Grigoriev, I.; Gryganskyi, A.; James, T. Y.; O'Donnell, K.; Roberson, R. W.; Taylor, T. N.; Uehling, J.; Vilgalys, R.; White, M. M.; Stajich, J. E. (2016).
402:
breakdown decomposing matter into different components: proteins into amino acids, lipids into fatty acids and glycerol, and starches into disaccharides. The species responsible usually require excess water, oxygen, pH less than 7, and low temperatures.
551:
plants (wheat, barley), with experiments from 2015 showing crop losses at 0.01 t/ha per unit increase in crown rot index or more. In addition to cereal plants, crown rot is seen in strawberries and other such low growing plants.
454:, contains species with an ectomycorrhizal trophic mode. Further research is needed to understand these species. Several studies have observed fossils of some potential members forming mycorrhizal interactions with ancient plants.
600:
Voigt, Kerstin; Wöstemeyer, Johannes (2001-05-30). "Phylogeny and origin of 82 zygomycetes from all 54 genera of the Mucorales and Mortierellales based on combined analysis of actin and translation elongation factor EF-1α genes".
565:
Fungal infection seen in animals with compromised immune systems, meaning the host is already sick before the fungus invades and inhabits the body. Also referred to as Mucoromycosis, depending on the species.
536:
of Mortierellales have roles in decomposition of organic matter. Some species are among the first to colonize new roots, and others have shared a relationship with spruce trees, though the exact nature in unknown.
494:
A paper released in 2015 suggests that a Mucoromycotina species formed a symbiotic relationships with liverworts during the Paleozoic era, which may have been the first plant-fungi symbiotic relationship.
743:
Jaczewski, A.A.; Jaczewski, P.A. (1931). "Определитель грибов. Совершенные грибы (диплоидные стадии). 3-е изд. . Фикомицеты. [Keys to Fungi. Perfect Fungi (diploid stages).". In Doweld, Alexander (ed.).
457:
The genus Endogone is important in nutrient-deficient soils, such as sand dunes. The presence of species in this genus stabilizes the soil and provides some assistance to dune plants.
846:
Field, Katie J.; Rimington, William R.; Bidartondo, Martin I.; Allinson, Kate E.; Beerling, David J.; Cameron, Duncan D.; Duckett, Jeffrey G.; Leake, Jonathan R.; Pressel, Silvia (2015).
848:"First evidence of mutualism between ancient plant lineages (Haplomitriopsida liverworts) and Mucoromycotina fungi and its response to simulated Palaeozoic changes in atmospheric CO2"
904:
575:
some insecticidal properties against waxmoth and housefly larvae. Further research is needed to determine the process by which this is possible, and potential usefulness.
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797:
Desirò, Alessandro; Rimington, William R.; Jacob, Alison; Pol, Natalie Vande; Smith, Matthew E.; Trappe, James M.; Bidartondo, Martin I.; Bonito, Gregory (2017).
3494:
930:"Investigating the insecticidal potential of Geomyces (Myxotrichaceae: Helotiales) and Mortierella (Mortierellacea: Mortierellales) isolated from Antarctica"
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748:(in Russian) (3 ed.). Moscow-Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe Izdateľstvo sel'skokhozjaistvennoj i kolkhozno-kooperativnoj literatury. p. 294.
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was the first species described in 1863 by Coemans, and named after M. Du Mortier, the president of Société de Botanique de Belgique.
108:
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Wagner, L.; Stielow, B.; Hoffmann, K.; Petkovits, T.; Papp, T.; Vágvölgyi, C.; de Hoog, G. S.; Verkley, G.; Voigt, K. (2013).
89:
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performed in 2013 supported the hypothesis that Glomeromycota was responsible for early plant-fungi symbiotic relationships
61:
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646:"A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Mortierellales (Mortierellomycotina) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA"
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species seen in Mucorales and Mortierellales cause infections in crops and immune compromised animals.
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989:"Identification of Mucorales From Clinical Specimens: A 4-Year Experience in a Single Institution"
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extensive phylogenetic trees, resulting in the currently unknown location of the phylum in fungi.
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The exact placement of Mucoromycotina is currently unknown. It currently resides in the subphyla
210:
145:
799:"Multigene phylogeny of Endogonales, an early diverging lineage of fungi associated with plants"
987:
Yang, Mina; Lee, Jang Ho; Kim, Young-Kwon; Ki, Chang-Seok; Huh, Hee Jae; Lee, Nam Yong (2016).
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Edgington, Steven; Thompson, Emma; Moore, Dave; Hughes, Kevin A.; Bridge, Paul (2014-06-09).
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696:"A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data"
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287:, whose’ placements are also currently unknown. These groups originally comprised
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is a subphylum of uncertain placement in Fungi. It was considered part of the phylum
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are well known for causing crown rot in cereal plants and damage to stored foods.
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Académie Royale De Belgique (1974-06-01). "Bulletin de la classe des sciences".
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295:, which was elevated to phylum in 2001. These groups are sister to
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1905:
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the second, wasn't described until 1914, and the most recent was
1522:
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18:
903:
Forknall, Clayton; Simpfendorfer, Steve; Kelly, Alison.
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reassigned to Mucoromycotina, one such species being
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
311:compose it, owing to limited collected samples.
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8:
909:Grains Research and Development Corporation
330:This order currently contains 2 families, (
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1199:
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963:
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879:
822:
719:
669:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
792:
790:
592:
291:alongside others that were assigned to
2320:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
905:"Crown rot yield loss response curves"
7:
3510:a7769d2b-eb40-4c77-b654-88342bea02c8
391:relationships with other organisms.
140:A sporangium of a Mucoralean fungus
47:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
149:
23:
815:10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.03
34:needs additional citations for
1799:
1795:
1555:
1551:
450:A new genus proposed in 2017,
1:
993:Annals of Laboratory Medicine
615:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00464-4
773:10.1016/0042-207X(74)93129-7
3562:
558:
465:Some species in the genus
441:Plant-microbe interactions
431:arbuscular endomycorrhizal
380:Lobosporangium transversal
360:
345:
323:
3363:
2525:
2375:
2296:
2048:
2023:
1868:
1815:
1789:
1679:
1608:
1545:
1532:
1515:
1468:
1464:
1397:
1355:
1308:
1279:
1213:
1198:
1194:
1078:
207:
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146:Scientific classification
144:
139:
130:
125:
1525:
1521:
1005:10.3343/alm.2016.36.1.60
662:10.3767/003158513X666268
501:Rhizophagus irregularis.
3252:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
3045:Sporopachydermiomycetes
2860:Calcarisporiellomycetes
947:10.1186/2193-1801-3-289
488:Rhizophagus irregularis
372:Mortierella polycephala
2902:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
2852:Calcarisporiellomycota
2819:Ramicandelaberomycetes
2636:Neocallimastigomycetes
3369:(polyphyletic group).
2997:Schizosaccharomycetes
2659:Monoblepharidomycetes
2628:Neocallimastigomycota
376:Dissophora decumbens,
3285:Peribolosporomycetes
3232:Agaricostilbomycetes
3118:Collemopsidiomycetes
2992:Pneumocystidomycetes
2791:Entomophthoromycetes
2654:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
2535:Paramicrosporidiales
506:Broader implications
43:improve this article
3262:Spiculogloeomycetes
3237:Cystobasidiomycetes
3050:Trigonopsidomycetes
3020:Alloascoideomycetes
2977:Archaeorhizomycetes
2912:Archaeosporomycetes
2778:Entomophthoromycota
2717:Blastocladiomycetes
2712:Physodermatomycetes
2678:Caulochytriomycetes
2518:Microsporidiomycota
2197:Gunflint microbiota
1958:Klebsormidiophyceae
1742:Hyphochytriomycetes
382:described in 2004.
281:Entomophthoromycota
3338:Bartheletiomycetes
3290:Monilielliomycetes
3277:Ustilaginomycotina
3257:Atractiellomycetes
3242:Microbotryomycetes
3222:Tritirachiomycetes
3171:Laboulbeniomycetes
2907:Paraglomeromycetes
2842:Mortierellomycetes
2814:Dimargaritomycetes
2768:Basidiobolomycetes
2704:Blastocladiomycota
2646:Monoblepharomycota
1968:Coleochaetophyceae
1348:
1344:
1272:
1268:
486:A genome study of
211:Mortierellomycetes
16:Subphylum of fungi
3533:
3532:
3518:Open Tree of Life
3383:Taxon identifiers
3374:
3373:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3305:Exobasidiomycetes
3300:Ustilaginomycetes
3295:Malasseziomycetes
3247:Classiculomycetes
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3138:Xylobotryomycetes
3098:Candelariomycetes
2948:Entorrhizomycetes
2925:
2924:
2834:Mortierellomycota
2760:Basidiobolomycota
2725:
2724:
2689:Sanchytriomycetes
2601:
2600:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2327:
2326:
2292:
2291:
2228:Spironematellidae
2209:Meteora sporadica
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
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2092:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
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2006:
2003:
2002:
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1998:
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1991:
1990:
1919:Prasinodermophyta
1855:
1854:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1666:
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1502:Centroplasthelida
1460:
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1440:
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1435:
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1337:
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1261:
864:10.1111/nph.13024
532:Species found in
299:, which contains
285:Kickxellomycotina
242:
241:
198:
119:
118:
111:
93:
3553:
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3525:
3513:
3512:
3503:
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3451:
3450:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3378:
3367:fungi imperfecti
3214:Pucciniomycotina
3210:
3161:Geoglossomycetes
3103:Coniocybomycetes
3065:
3025:Dipodascomycetes
3012:Saccharomycotina
2969:Taphrinomycotina
2965:
2940:Entorrhizomycota
2936:
2824:Kickxellomycetes
2786:Neozygitomycetes
2738:
2694:Chytridiomycetes
2624:
2612:
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2523:
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2404:
2384:
2367:classification,
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2274:Collodictyonidae
2220:Hemimastigophora
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1974:Zygnematophyceae
1932:
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1420:Choanoflagellata
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794:
785:
784:
756:
750:
749:
740:
734:
733:
723:
706:(5): 1028–1046.
690:
684:
683:
673:
641:
635:
634:
609:(1–2): 113–120.
597:
529:rodent species.
196:
154:
153:
135:
123:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Mucoromycotina"
51:
27:
19:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3521:
3516:
3508:
3506:
3498:
3493:
3485:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3385:
3375:
3370:
3347:
3343:Tremellomycetes
3333:Wallemiomycetes
3315:Agaricomycotina
3309:
3271:
3267:Pucciniomycetes
3201:
3185:
3181:Sordariomycetes
3142:
3133:Lecanoromycetes
3123:Dothideomycetes
3113:Arthoniomycetes
3084:
3054:
3040:Saccharomycetes
3006:
3002:Taphrinomycetes
2982:Neolectomycetes
2960:
2952:
2921:
2887:
2878:Endogonomycetes
2864:
2846:
2828:
2801:Kickxellomycota
2795:
2772:
2754:
2733:
2721:
2698:
2669:Chytridiomycota
2663:
2640:
2619:
2597:
2585:Aphelidiomycota
2577:Aphelidiomyceta
2564:
2555:Metchnikovellea
2550:Chytridiopsidea
2538:
2529:Morellosporales
2512:
2487:
2486:
2402:
2380:
2371:
2358:
2328:
2323:
2288:
2260:
2251:Ancyromonadidae
2237:
2214:
2169:
2156:
2147:Malawimonadidae
2133:
2089:
2064:
2028:
1987:
1930:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1851:
1826:
1794:
1765:
1718:
1690:
1662:
1625:
1595:
1550:
1541:
1520:
1511:
1488:
1473:
1432:
1406:
1384:
1343:
1334:
1298:
1293:
1267:
1258:
1203:
1190:
1189:
1105:
1083:
1074:
1068:
1038:
986:
985:
981:
927:
926:
922:
913:
911:
902:
901:
897:
852:New Phytologist
845:
844:
840:
796:
795:
788:
758:
757:
753:
742:
741:
737:
692:
691:
687:
643:
642:
638:
599:
598:
594:
590:
581:
572:
563:
557:
548:
543:
522:
513:
508:
484:
475:
463:
448:
443:
435:ectomycorrhizal
424:
409:
397:
388:
365:
359:
350:
344:
328:
322:
317:
266:
257:
195:
148:
126:Mucoromycotina
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3559:
3557:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3514:
3504:
3491:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3421:Mucoromycotina
3411:
3395:
3393:
3391:Mucoromycotina
3387:
3386:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Agaricomycetes
3325:
3323:Dacrymycetales
3319:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3207:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3148:Sordariomyceta
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3128:Eurotiomycetes
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:Lichinomycetes
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3090:Dothideomyceta
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3075:Orbiliomycetes
3071:
3069:
3062:
3060:Pezizomycotina
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2917:Glomeromycetes
2914:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2809:Zoopagomycetes
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2750:Olpidiomycetes
2746:
2744:
2735:
2734:(paraphyletic)
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2620:(paraphyletic)
2609:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:Nucleophagales
2530:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2508:Rozellomycetes
2504:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:Mesomycetozoea
2474:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2413:Diaphoretickes
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2304:excluded from
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2256:Planomonadidae
2253:
2247:
2245:
2243:Ancyromonadida
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2233:Paramastigidae
2230:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2172:Incertae sedis
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1861:Archaeplastida
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1652:Dinoflagellata
1648:
1646:Chrompodellida
1643:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1475:Diaphoretickes
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1350:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1208:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:Mesomycetozoea
1177:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1116:Diaphoretickes
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:classification
1069:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1037:
1036:
979:
920:
895:
858:(2): 743–756.
838:
809:(2): 245–257.
786:
751:
735:
712:10.3852/16-042
685:
636:
591:
589:
586:
580:
577:
571:
568:
559:Main article:
556:
553:
547:
544:
542:
539:
521:
518:
512:
509:
507:
504:
483:
480:
474:
473:Mortierellales
471:
462:
459:
452:Jimgerdemannia
447:
444:
442:
439:
423:
420:
408:
405:
396:
393:
387:
384:
363:Mortierellales
361:Main article:
358:
357:Mortierellales
355:
346:Main article:
343:
340:
336:Densosporaceae
324:Main article:
321:
318:
316:
313:
271:incertae sedis
265:
262:
256:
253:
245:Mucoromycotina
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
230:
220:
219:
218:
216:Mortierellales
205:
204:
200:
199:
193:Mucoromycotina
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
142:
141:
137:
136:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3558:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3368:
3362:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3199:Basidiomycota
3196:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Leotiomycetes
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Xylonomycetes
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3080:Pezizomycetes
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Pichiomycetes
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Novakomycetes
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2893:Glomeromycota
2890:
2884:
2883:Mucoromycetes
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2742:Olpidiomycota
2739:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:Microsporidia
2541:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2500:Rozellomycota
2497:
2494:
2492:Rozellomyceta
2490:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Stramenopiles
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:(major groups
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2369:fungal orders
2366:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:¹traditional
2299:
2298:
2295:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Mantamonadida
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:Heterolobosea
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2070:Discicristata
2067:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1900:Viridiplantae
1897:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1821:Microheliella
1818:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1762:
1761:Actinophryida
1759:
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1375:Ichthyosporea
1373:
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1322:Rotosphaerida
1320:
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1296:
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1284:Apusomonadida
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1143:Stramenopiles
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1127:
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1123:
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1119:
1118:
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1109:
1106:(major groups
1104:
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333:
327:
319:
314:
312:
308:
306:
305:Basidiomycota
302:
298:
294:
293:Glomeromycota
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:Zoopagomycota
274:
272:
263:
261:
254:
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250:
246:
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231:
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226:
225:
224:
223:Mucoromycetes
221:
217:
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194:
191:
189:Subdivision:
188:
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67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3390:
3227:Mixiomycetes
3176:Sareomycetes
2870:Mucoromycota
2684:Coenomycetes
2462:Opisthokonta
2317:
2312:paraphyletic
2207:
2188:
2170:
2139:Malawimonada
2119:Anaeromonada
2114:Anaeramoebae
2106:
2082:
2059:Tsukubamonas
2057:
1979:
1972:
1963:Charophyceae
1950:
1943:
1936:Streptophyta
1923:
1907:
1887:
1883:Rhodelphidia
1841:Palpitomonas
1839:
1819:
1808:Pancryptista
1753:
1746:
1683:
1650:
1638:
1618:
1588:
1583:Foraminifera
1581:
1424:
1367:
1361:Tunicaraptor
1359:
1326:
1300:Opisthokonta
1236:
1165:Opisthokonta
996:
992:
982:
937:
934:SpringerPlus
933:
923:
912:. Retrieved
908:
898:
855:
851:
841:
806:
802:
764:
760:
754:
746:Phycomycetes
745:
738:
703:
699:
688:
653:
649:
639:
606:
602:
595:
582:
573:
564:
549:
533:
531:
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389:
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366:
351:
335:
332:Endogonaceae
331:
329:
309:
269:
267:
258:
244:
243:
192:
183:Mucoromycota
120:
105:
99:January 2019
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3415:Wikispecies
3030:Lipomycetes
2961:(sac fungi)
2560:Microsporea
2361:Opisthokont
2203:Chitinozoan
2129:Parabasalia
1981:Embryophyta
1945:Chlorokybus
1925:Chlorophyta
1873:Glaucophyta
1847:Cryptophyta
1737:Pirsoniales
1704:Bicosoecida
1685:Platysulcus
1658:Perkinsozoa
1640:Apicomplexa
1613:Colponemida
1380:Pluriformea
1249:Archamoebea
1238:Eumycetozoa
999:(1): 60–3.
561:Zygomycosis
555:Zygomycosis
534:Mortierella
520:Environment
446:Endogonales
427:Mycorrhizal
422:Mycorrhizal
400:Saprotrophs
395:Saprotrophs
326:Endogonales
320:Endogonales
233:Endogonales
3546:Zygomycota
3365:See also:
2958:Ascomycota
2731:Zygomycota
2365:True fungi
2284:Rigifilida
2183:Acritarchs
2108:Barthelona
2099:Metamonada
2084:Euglenozoa
1952:Mesostigma
1908:sensu lato
1889:Rhodophyta
1748:Ochrophyta
1709:Placidozoa
1620:Ciliophora
1590:Radiolaria
1507:Haptophyta
1402:Filasterea
1314:Holomycota
940:(1): 289.
914:2018-12-12
803:IMA Fungus
767:(6): 263.
588:References
524:The genus
407:Parasitism
301:Ascomycota
289:Zygomycota
275:alongside
249:Zygomycota
179:Division:
69:newspapers
2616:Zoosporic
2593:Aphelidea
2457:Amoebozoa
2435:Alveolata
2423:Cryptista
2398:Eukaryota
2124:Fornicata
2030:Excavates
1832:Cryptista
1755:Oomycetes
1732:Developea
1714:Sagenista
1601:Alveolata
1537:Telonemia
1412:Choanozoa
1289:Breviatea
1232:Tubulinea
1219:Amoebozoa
1160:Amoebozoa
1138:Alveolata
1126:Cryptista
1101:Eukaryota
1071:Eukaryote
1013:2234-3806
956:2193-1801
872:1469-8137
781:0042-207X
700:Mycologia
656:: 77–93.
650:Persoonia
623:0378-1119
546:Crown rot
511:Phylogeny
482:Evolution
461:Mucorales
412:Parasitic
348:Mucorales
342:Mucorales
228:Mucorales
169:Kingdom:
163:Eukaryota
3540:Category
3482:MycoBank
3456:Fungorum
3400:Wikidata
2607:Eumycota
2452:Amorphea
2430:Rhizaria
2418:Hacrobia
2408:Excavata
2393:Bacteria
2306:protists
2302:kingdoms
2190:Grypania
2152:Imasidae
2053:Jakobida
1577:Endomyxa
1572:Cercozoa
1564:Rhizaria
1494:Haptista
1426:Animalia
1369:Bicellum
1244:Variosea
1227:Discosea
1205:Amorphea
1155:Amorphea
1133:Rhizaria
1121:Hacrobia
1111:Excavata
1096:Bacteria
1031:26522761
974:25013747
890:25230098
833:29242774
730:27738200
680:24027348
631:11404008
579:Problems
526:Endogone
264:Taxonomy
159:Domain:
3406:Q135453
3204:basidia
2931:Dikarya
2467:Animals
2388:Archaea
2041:Discoba
1906:Plants
1878:Picozoa
1724:Gyrista
1631:Myzozoa
1484:Provora
1390:Filozoa
1346:Holozoa
1254:Cutosea
1170:Animals
1091:Archaea
1022:4697345
965:4071458
881:4303992
824:5729711
721:6078412
671:3734968
541:Disease
386:Ecology
297:Dikarya
255:History
203:Orders
83:scholar
3523:564951
3507:NZOR:
3500:451507
3487:501281
3474:936298
3461:501281
3448:1MUCOC
3435:351724
3202:(with
2445:Plants
2382:Domain
2314:groups
1696:Bigyra
1270:Obazoa
1148:Plants
1085:Domain
1029:
1019:
1011:
972:
962:
954:
888:
878:
870:
831:
821:
779:
761:Vacuum
728:
718:
678:
668:
629:
621:
433:, and
315:Orders
283:, and
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3068:Other
2618:fungi
2472:Fungi
2266:CRuMs
1328:Fungi
1175:Fungi
467:Mucor
197:Benny
173:Fungi
90:JSTOR
76:books
3495:NCBI
3469:ITIS
3443:EPPO
3430:BOLD
2318:bold
1523:TSAR
1027:PMID
1009:ISSN
970:PMID
952:ISSN
886:PMID
868:ISSN
829:PMID
777:ISSN
726:PMID
676:PMID
627:PMID
619:ISSN
603:Gene
570:Uses
334:and
303:and
62:news
1797:CAM
1553:SAR
1017:PMC
1001:doi
960:PMC
942:doi
876:PMC
860:doi
856:205
819:PMC
811:doi
769:doi
716:PMC
708:doi
704:108
666:PMC
658:doi
611:doi
607:270
45:by
3542::
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1015:.
1007:.
997:36
995:.
991:.
968:.
958:.
950:.
936:.
932:.
907:.
884:.
874:.
866:.
854:.
850:.
827:.
817:.
805:.
801:.
789:^
775:.
765:24
763:.
724:.
714:.
702:.
698:.
674:.
664:.
654:30
652:.
648:.
625:.
617:.
605:.
307:.
279:,
3206:)
2900:†
2682:?
2676:?
2479:)
2353:e
2346:t
2339:v
2310:*
2201:†
2195:†
2187:†
2181:†
2032:*
1984:¹
1911:)
1904:(
1615:*
1429:¹
1366:†
1331:¹
1182:)
1063:e
1056:t
1049:v
1033:.
1003::
976:.
944::
938:3
917:.
892:.
862::
835:.
813::
807:8
783:.
771::
732:.
710::
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660::
633:.
613::
492:.
273:,
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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