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567:. But we want fundamental questions about fundamental matters. We want him to ask what is to be the date of the evacuation". My duty is not to appraise, but merely to chronicle facts, and without discussing the strange interpretation which exhibited Mr. Hardie as a Conservative, I have only to say that as M. Goumah proceeded with his speech, the tides of passion rose higher and higher in the Congress, and that he resumed his chair amid a tumult of cheers. Crimson tarbouches bobbed their way to the platform, and groups of students flung themselves on the orator, embracing him, and kissing his hands. " The
981:, under the title "Memoirs of Youth - the anniversary of March 19," in which complete sections of his diaries; in addition to a set of letters sent by Augusta to Loutfi Goumah were included. In his memoires, Goumah reveals the story of an emotional Platonic relationship that lasted for nearly four years with Augusta, they toured throughout Europe together and he recorded the evolution of their relationship in a chapter in his diaries called the "March 19 anniversary" (the date of their first meeting). He Dedicated his translation of
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Those who find my memoirs, whether my children or strangers may rearrange and publish them after my death, and if God gave me a longer life, I will, because it gives a picture - even if incomplete - of the day, era and life in Egypt during this war, I am convinced that every effort in Egypt is useless, and its masters seek their own interest and abide neither to God nor to conscience.
680:
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211:, where he joined the Coptic school, his family then moved him to the Prince's School, where he finished his primary education in 1900, he joined the khedive's school, where he finished his secondary education in 1903, his mother died in 1903 and Goumah traveled to Beirut and joined the American College in Beirut to study philosophy. He returned to
999:
subjective style and its obvious pessimism and bitterness with which Goumah referred to some literary and political figures of his time. It was also criticized for being subjected to heavy editing, prohibiting certain periods from publication (1918–1921), and its poor arrangement (adding articles and studies outside the context of the memoirs).
30:
868:, Goumah - who has not read the book - ordered a copy, and after reading what Taha Hussein has written and the philosophical argument he adopted in his book, Goumah refused to sue Hussein, but rather decided to write a book that defies Hussien's philosophical approach. The book whose name was derived for a quranic verse in surat
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A number of scholars went through the manuscripts of Goumah's unpublished work, led by his son Rabeh, who filed, arranged, collected and printed many of them. Goumah's unpublished manuscripts were mostly in the form of notebooks or papers. Dr. Ahmad
Hussein al-Tamawy, Egyptian author and writer along
989:
to her, he wrote a play called "The woman's heart" about her, and used a pseudonym (Auguste
Filippov), clearly derived from her name to write some articles in the weekly magazine "The Arab Association" in 1930, and in 1939 he published some of her letters addressed to him claiming they were addressed
558:
had said, and to other things which he had not said. " Mr, Hardie has spoken of helping us to achieve ' some effective form of self-government.' We do not want ' some effective form of self-government,' Egypt demands a free constitution, flowing to her not from the
British Parliament but from her own
998:
When published, the memoires raised controversy among critics, some of whom praised it for the amount of detail it included about the political, literary and cultural aspects of life in Egypt (1909–1948), others directed a scathing criticism to the views Goumah displayed therein, they criticised its
766:
I headed towards the chief of security - a colonel – and told him: "I warn you colonel from using force to make – those young men – get inside the cage". He said: "I was ordered to do so, but I won't. Yet, the chief justice refuses to get into the court room, until they are inside the cage". So the
503:
and the occupation forces, he mentioned the agricultural and irrigation projects done by the
British occupation in Egypt. We were extremely disappointed, members of the parliament were shocked and everybody clapped and cheered. I immediately asked to speak but Mohammad Fahmy refused, So I asked him
903:
Goumah based his argument on a technical philosophical approach, he debated the flows in the derivations concluded by
Hussein on pure academic grounds by re-explaining the methods of Descartes, he then supported his argument with historical, linguistic and social facts. The tides against Hussein's
704:
You(Egypt) resemble India in your struggle against the principles of the
British Empire, but the feet of the English in our country is firmer, deeper and their page is darker , so you should be guided by us in Egypt as we are enlightened by you in India, our leaders often stressed at the ideals of
472:
used to say that Blunt is "just a noble
Englishman who is loyal to Egypt, the Arabs, Islam and Humanity". Goumah travelled to Britain to consult with Blunt on political issues in August 1909 and spent the night at his estate "Newbuildings". He also received a copy of a speech to be read on Blunt's
761:
Goumah mentioned in his memoirs the trial of Anwar al-Sadat - then an army officer - and others, in the murder case of Egypt's minister of finance Amin Ossman, the defendants which Goumah referred to as the "boys" refused to get into a cage that was designed not to allow any physical contact with
959:
To whom am I writing these memoires? to God and to myself. I don't think anyone knows about them or expects them to exist, they are written quickly and under severe pressure, my head is like a boiling cauldron, and my heart will almost explode, from what I see and hear in this saddening country.
418:
During his university years in France, Goumah continued his political activities by forming student groups, writing speeches and corresponding with different political figures in Europe, who were known for their support and sympathy for the
Egyptian cause against the British occupation. He
280:
Since then, Goumah wrote in tens of periodicals and newspapers accumulating thousands of articles. He wrote extensively in al-Ahram, al-Balagh, al-Zaher, al-Balagh weekly, al-Bayan, al-Moqtabas. His articles covered many aspects of the
Egyptian life during that era, ranging from economics,
953:
Goumah started recording his diaries in 1909, it suffered periods of discontinuity that may sometimes reach several months after which, he would resume writing. He has written a long introduction that covers the period from his birth to the date he started writing the memoires):
276:
between
England and France and blamed the Khedive for supporting the British occupation's interests annoyed the khedive and he was soon expelled from "al-Zaher". He went off to join Mustafa Kamil as an editor for the Egyptian Standard along with Charles Rudy and William Maloney.
409:
and famous Egyptian patriots. Kamil and Farid were touring Europe head hunting for editors for the "Egyptian Standard", their new newspaper. Goumah was intrigued by the charisma of Mustafa Kamil and joined the Egyptian National party having believed in Mustafa kamil's cause.
899:
In "Pre-Islamic poetry" Hussien claimed using Descartes Methodic doubt process to analyse pre-Islamic scripture: Poetry and prose, he concluded that most if not All what was claimed to be pre-Islamic is in fact written after Islam for political and tribal reasons.
612:
as valid alternatives. Both Goumah and Farid expressed their disappointment; they also complained about being followed by British secret service agents in France, a complaint that was denied by Briand, claiming that "they imagine seeing the Brits everywhere".
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Goumah's memoirs were printed in 2000 in two books, the first was published under the title: "Muhammad Loutfi Goumah - Witness to an Era" (Part I - II), the second -released in 1999- reveals Goumah's love story with Russian author and essayist
356:, subjects that are still looked upon with scepticism among "orthodox" Muslim scholars. According to Anwar al-Gendy the Islamic thinker and author, Goumah represents the soul of the moderate school with a clear affiliation and belief in the
829:
Both Gohary and Abduh were icons of enlightenment, and they both became pillars of Goumah's intellectual structure. He wrote many articles and books discussing, debating, defining and recording the lives of famous Islamic philosophers and
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Also, the memoires were criticised for extracting parts of it to be published in separate books like Goumah's relationship with Augusta (Memoirs of Youth - the anniversary of March 19) or Goumah's relationship with the French orientalist
843:
800:
the famous Islamic scholar and Egypt's Nobel prize nominee, and the author of "The Jewels in Interpreting the Holy Quraan", Gohary introduced him to Islamic Philosophy and Spiritualism . he then corresponded with sheikh
203:, his mother Khadeeja Mahmoud Al-Sonbaty, an Egyptian lady of Egyptian, Turkish and French ancestors. His mother couldn't breast-feed, and he was breastfed by Molouk Eid, the Mother of the famous Arab music composer
544:
the Irish journalist, barrister and MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Recorded in his book The Day's Burden, Studies, Literary and Political -1910, P.112 this incident:
219:
primary school, until late 1907, when he acquired his baccalaureate. He joined the Khedive's Law School in 1908 to earn a degree in law but was expelled after a speech he made in the 40th day death anniversary of
932:
to discuss Al-Hallaj, their meetings and correspondences continued until Goumah's death in 1953. Massignon was particularly interested in a book Goumah was writing about al-Hallaj, yet died without finishing it.
603:
and Hamed El-Alayli (an Egyptian Nationalist studying at Oxford) to his office and informed them that the French Authorities were reluctant to host the Egyptian National Conference on French soil; he suggested
771:, I have read it when I was in high school, and didn't forget it. I am fifty five years old now". I smiled and told him:" but it didn't prevent you from serving the police?". He replied: "earning a living sir
343:
Goumah's interpretation of Islamic scripture didn't contradict - in his opinion - with his views regarding his firm support to the feminist ideologies, nor did it contradict with his dedicated interest in
268:
Goumah Started writing articles against the British occupation in Egypt through "al-Zaher" newspaper since early 1905, yet a speech he made during the celebration of the coronation of the khedive
324:
for giving only men the right for divorce, the same law Goumah refused to adopt when getting married by offering his wife equal rights regarding divorce. It was only in 2001 when the Egyptian
1020:, revised many of Goumah's manuscripts, adding footnotes, identifying the different historical characters mentioned in Goumah's works. They also made literary critique for some of his plays.
1478:
888:'We used, indeed, to sit there in (hidden) stations, to (steal) a hearing; but any who listen now will find a flaming fire(monitoring comet) watching him in ambush.(9)
228:
and studied law under the famous French scholar Eduoard Lambert and after acquiring his PhD in late 1912, Goumah returned to Egypt and started his career as a lawyer.
904:
book grew higher and higher and eventually Hussein removed the four sections of his book that were taken against him and renamed the book "Pre-Islamic Literature".
726:
1488:
767:"boys" asked me to talk to the chief justice and explain their point of view, an' I accepted. The colonel then stopped me and said:" do you have a copy of
504:
to allow me to thank Hardie, and as I stood there among the people who were stunned by Kier Hardie's speech, I responded to his allegations word for word.
320:, then the Egyptian minister of education started implementing it. In 1933, he criticized in his novel Aida (published in Al-balagh), the Egyptian
834:'. His book "History of Islamic Philosophers in the East and West" is considered one of the finest references written on the subject to date.
746:. Goumah has been appointed as the defence lawyer for some of the most famous cases known to the Egyptian society at the time, including: the
768:
1483:
1473:
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monarch, the Khedive. Mr. Hardie promises to ask questions in the House of Commons. What sort of questions ? He will ask whether
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of Egypt and eventually became one of his disciples. Two of Goumah's letters to the grand mufti at the age of 18, were published in
500:
796:
During his high school years at the khedive's school, Goumah studied Arabic literature, metaphysics and Philosophy under sheikh
225:
147:, he studied law and became one of Egypt's most famous lawyers and public speakers. He was a member of the prestigious
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649:
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During his years in France, Goumah got in contact with many Indian patriots in exile, some were members of the
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1229:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 115,116,117,118,119
885:(وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ مِنْهَا مَقَاعِدَ لِلسَّمْعِ فَمَنْ يَسْتَمِعْ الآنَ يَجِدْ لَهُ شِهَأباً رَصَداً (9
244:
and Abdulrahman Al-Sawy, The Faculty of Engineering first dean, the second period was in 1917 when he taught
1007:, which is published in a book titled: (Tunisia in the writings of Loutfi Goumah - by Rabeh Loutfi Goumah).
755:
473:
behalf for the Congress in Geneva. Goumah kept the relationship with Blunt until Blunt's death in 1922. The
406:
1427:
353:
282:
742:
and Islamic Inheritance jurisprudence and in 1915 he was appointed as a lawyer in front of the Egyptian
705:
the union between Muslims and Copts in Egypt and called our nation of Hindus and Muslims to such a union.
664:, who were known for sympathizing with the Egyptian cause. Goumah tried to resolve the conflict between
554:
this central point was found when M. Loutfi Goumah leaped to his feet to reply to some things that Mr.
1165:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 147,148,149
978:
1458:
1453:
1156:يحيى حقى - ناس فى الظل وشخصيات اخرى - الهيئه المصريه العامه للكتاب, 1984: القاهره- فصل محمد لطفي جمعة
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818:...his search - at this young age - was at the highest levels of philosophy with respect to religion.
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1245:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 87, 168
1355:
Wilfred Scawen Blunt: My Diaries; Being A Personal Narrative Of Events, 1888-1914 Volume II P.268
865:
791:
751:
622:"Œuvres du congrès national égyptien tenu a Bruxelles le 22, 23 et 24 septembre , Bruges, 1911".
523:
Wilfred Scawen Blunt, My Diaries; Being A Personal Narrative Of Events, 1888-1914 Volume II P.279
294:
94:
90:
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1181:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 43,53
550:
Just as every picture has its centre of repose, so every assembly has its centre of tension. At
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One of the figures Goumah corresponded with during his residence in Europe was the English Poet
1434:
1397:
1396:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 298
1381:
1380:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 296
1365:
1364:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 290
1331:
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1296:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 478
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1213:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 375
1198:
1197:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 123
1182:
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1330:مذكرات محمد لطفي جمعة - الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب - سلسلة تاريخ المصريين - الجزء الأول 86
1416:Œuvres du congrès national égyptien tenu a Bruxelles le 22, 23 et 24 septembre, Bruges, 1911
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Yahia, Zakareia, Motee'a, Anwaar, Rafee'a, Ma'alee, Nageh, Rabeh, Abdel-Moein, Mahdeya
1447:
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Thomas Kettle, The Day's Burden, Studies, Literary and Political -1910, P.112,113,114
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to a poet named (Popov Ludowski), a name Augusta addressed him with in her letters.
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Loutfi Goumah taught through two periods of his life, the first period was at the
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1261:د.سيد علي إسماعيل: مخطوطات مسرحيات محمد لطفي جمعة. مطبعة أبو هلال بالمنيا -1997
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Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, The memoirs of Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, Part 1, Page 372
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Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, The memoirs of Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, Part 1, Page 554
599:, then the Prime Minister and Minister of Interior of France, summoned Goumah,
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Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, The memoirs of Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, Part 1, Page 198
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It was only Goumah's courageous speech that turned the table against these.
381:
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made his long awaited speech in a huge crowd, he blamed Egypt and praised
29:
1346:ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻟﻄﻔﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ : 1950-1900 - رابح لطفي جمعة - عالم الكتب
1016:
with Dr. Sayed Ali Ismael of al-Minya University and Dr. Ibrahim Awad of
966:
Muhammad Loutfi Goumah, Memoires of Muhammad Loutfi Goumah - Part 1, P.41
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The history of Imam Muhammad Abduh - P. 791-796, Muhammad Rashid Rida
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332:خلع) a method by which women may divorce in compliance with Islamic
1321:بطل الكفاح الشهيد محمد فريد - عبد الرحمن الرافعي - دار المعارف - 26
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Life of the Orient: its countries, people, past and present - 1932
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813:'s book on Muhammad Adbuh, with Rashid commenting on one of them:
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has a good drainage system, and whether the water is drinkable in
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195:, then under the British occupation. His father was the honorable
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135:
Mohammed Lotfy Gomaa or Muhammed Lotfy Jouma' ) (January 18, 1886
240:
primary school( late 1904 to late 1907), among his students were
831:
620:
on 22 September 1910 and a book was issued recording its event:
304:
Goumah raised in his articles subjects that were addressed in
754:
murder case, in which he represented Ahmed Wassim Khaled and
336:. He wrote in "al-Rabetah al-Arabeyya" in 1938 criticizing
1428:
My Diaries; Being A Personal Narrative Of Events, 1888-1914
1046:
History of Islamic Philosophers in the East and West - 1927
571:
of Egypt ! " shouted somebody beside me in the crowd".
860:
scholars visited Goumah in his office asking him to sue
734:
In 1912, having returned from France, Goumah passed the
880:
Alshehab Arr'aassed" became Goumah's most famous work.
738:
that was focused entirely on his knowledge of Islamic
477:
has records for 203 letters between Goumah and Blunt.
316:
at Al-Balagh in May, 1930, nearly two decades before
1052:
Revolution of Islam and the Hero of Prophets - 1939
108:
100:
82:
74:
58:
39:
20:
941:Goumah Died suffering from the complications of a
769:The Nights of the Confused Soul ليالي الروح الحائر
457:the Egyptian Nationalist who revolted against the
1421:The Day's Burden, Studies, Literary and Political
414:Congress of the Jeunesse Egyptienne, Geneva, 1909
340:and called for strict regulations to control it.
224:. He left to France and joined the law school of
583:The Egyptian National Conference, Brussels, 1910
956:
882:
815:
764:
701:
547:
514:
492:
1433:The Memoirs of Muhammad Loutfi Goumh, Part 1.
1058:Memoirs of Youth - the anniversary of March 19
872:that may literally mean "The monitoring Comet
1312:أعلام وأصحاب أقلام" (P. 335-341)، أنور الجندي
616:The Egyptian National Conference was held in
461:. Blunt was also a friend of famous Egyptian
8:
427:and Paris in 1909, 1910, 1911 respectively.
419:participated in three conferences held in
17:
143:), is an Egyptian, essayist, author, and
178:
1479:Egyptian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
1149:
852:Arabic_poetry § Pre-Islamic_poetry
687:On 7 September 1931 Goumah boarded the
312:decades after his death. He called for
1077:The Nights of the Confused Soul - 1912
699:, the meeting lasted for eight hours.
215:and worked as a school teacher at the
163:, he also had a profound knowledge of
1086:For the sake of life and Death - 1931
7:
893:سورة الجن - surat Al-Jinn, The Quran
775:.... I am a rebel but I'm obedient!"
750:murder case, the bombs case and the
199:Goumah Aboul-Kheir, a descendant of
864:for writing his controversial book
126:
1489:Academic staff of Cairo University
1061:Modern Revision of the Holy Quraan
207:. His family moved to the city of
14:
1055:Blessed days in Holy Lands - 1940
912:Having written a few articles in
389:In 1906 and during a vacation in
104:Nafeesa Muhammad Fahmy Al-Ebrashy
1074:In the Valley of Concerns - 1904
1037:History of Social Science - 1919
468:of which Goumah was a disciple.
28:
1127:The Liberation of Egypt - 1906
1024:His most famous literary works
994:Controversy about the Memoires
1:
1071:In the Homes of People - 1904
908:Louis Massignon and al-Hallaj
786:Islamic philosophy and Sufism
191:, the second biggest city in
1130:The Immortal Magician - 1906
1117:The Death of Al-Hallaj- 1942
272:, in which he explained the
1098:Corlinko and Evagina - 1937
1043:The Monitoring Comet - 1926
1034:Renaissance in Italy - 1911
972:Augusta Filippovna Damansky
650:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
397:, Goumah was introduced to
78:Author, essayist, Barrister
1505:
1133:The Oriental Wisdom - 1912
1114:The Stolen Heritage - 1932
920:, Goumah was called on by
849:
789:
629:
434:
1484:University of Lyon alumni
1474:Arabic-language novelists
1080:The Fair Young Man - 1930
856:In June 1926, A group of
475:West Sussex Record Office
27:
1066:Novels and Short Stories
646:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
175:Early life and education
916:magazine in 1937 about
914:al-Rabetah al-Arabeyyah
756:Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat
730:The "Amin Ossman" Trial
640:, others were from the
407:Egyptian National Party
1426:Wilfred Scawen Blunt:
1092:After Repention - 1932
1040:Plato's Banquet - 1920
969:
896:
847:
827:
783:
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714:
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538:
526:
513:
495:Today is a great day!
490:
481:Addressing Keir Hardie
446:
386:
283:international politics
265:
184:
159:, English, French and
119:Muhammad Loutfi Goumah
34:Muhammad Loutfi Goumah
22:Muhammad Loutfi Goumah
845:
729:
682:
590:
536:
488:
444:
384:
328:accommodated (khol'e
263:
182:
130:muħammæd lūtfi ǧomʿa;
1095:Qorrat Al-Ain - 1934
1018:Ain Shams University
1011:His unpublished work
838:al-Shehab Arr'aassed
837:
722:The Amin Ossman Case
658:Shyamji Krishnavarma
642:Paris Indian Society
451:Wilfrid Scawen Blunt
445:Wilfrid Scawen Blunt
431:Wilfrid Scawen Blunt
405:the founders of the
322:personal status laws
287:political philosophy
943:cerebral infarction
928:at Goumah house in
326:personal status law
187:Goumah was born in
183:Loutfi Goumah age 9
924:the famous French
866:Pre-Islamic poetry
848:
792:Islamic philosophy
732:
685:
644:. Among them were
593:
539:
491:
447:
387:
372:Political activity
295:literary criticism
266:
185:
95:Islamic Philosophy
91:political activist
87:Literary criticism
1136:The Prince - 1912
1083:The Embryo - 1930
945:on 15 June 1953.
879:
875:
331:
270:Abbas II of Egypt
242:Abdulrahman Azzam
134:
116:
115:
1496:
1469:Egyptian writers
1464:Muslim reformers
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318:Taha Hussein
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165:Hieroglyphic
149:Arab Academy
133:also spelled
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64:(1953-06-15)
62:15 June 1953
15:
1459:1953 deaths
1454:1886 births
1111:Niro - 1919
987:Machiavelli
926:orientalist
811:Rashid Rida
807:Grand Mufti
752:Amin Ossman
638:India House
632:India House
606:Switzerland
556:Keir Hardie
497:Keir Hardie
489:Keir Hardie
463:Grand Mufti
455:Ahmed Orabi
395:Switzerland
377:Nationalism
346:metaphysics
155:, he spoke
1448:Categories
1144:References
983:The Prince
930:Heliopolis
878:Pronounced
666:Madam Cama
610:Luxembourg
565:Alexandria
308:and other
291:literature
189:Alexandria
137:Alexandria
46:1886-01-18
1430:Volume II
918:al-Hallaj
748:Lee Stack
693:Port Said
654:Har Dayal
595:In 1910,
256:Influence
145:barrister
964:—
891:—
858:Al-Azhar
822:—
778:—
709:—
618:Brussels
575:—
521:—
508:—
425:Brussels
391:Lausanne
338:polygamy
232:Teaching
201:Muhammad
153:Damascus
109:Children
1029:Studies
870:Al-Jinn
740:Shari'a
569:Mazzini
330:Arabic
248:at the
161:Italian
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683:Gandhi
552:Geneva
501:Cromer
421:Geneva
358:orient
350:sufism
334:sharia
299:sufism
238:Helwan
217:Helwan
157:Arabic
123:Arabic
101:Spouse
1423:-1910
1106:Plays
937:Death
832:Sufis
561:Cairo
470:Abduh
366:Egypt
362:Islam
306:Egypt
213:Egypt
209:Tanta
197:sayed
193:Egypt
169:Latin
141:Cairo
69:Egypt
53:Egypt
1435:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1167:ISBN
805:the
668:and
660:and
401:and
364:and
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59:Died
40:Born
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44:(
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