3243:
3305:
2783:
2745:
1028:
1842:
2946:
2251:
2875:
3045:
2697:
2769:
163:
3518:, Canada, all local governments are elected using bloc voting for city councils and for other multi-member bodies (there called "at-large" voting). In other Canadian provinces, smaller cities are generally elected under plurality-at-large, while larger cities are generally elected under the "ward system" which is a municipal adaptation of single member plurality. The sole exception is London, Ontario which has recently changed to the
3195:
2540:
3644:. 48 Representatives are elected from districts with 1–3 members, the representatives are required to achieve at least 28% of the vote in a district to be elected, if there are unfilled seats after the first round of voting, a second round similar to the Belgian system is held to fill the remaining seat. The remaining representatives are elected separately using party list proportional representation on the national level.
3147:
2299:
1003:
2372:
2999:
2887:
2490:
2103:
3091:
2827:
2428:
1731:
38:
2652:
2604:
2552:
2200:
2155:
2017:
1015:
1956:
3640:; when not enough candidates had the majority of the votes in the first round to fill the seats, a second round was held between the highest ranked candidates of the first round (with two times as many candidates as seats to be filled). In some constituencies there was only one seat to be filled. A similar system to elect part of the
3628:
half the seats were elected by plurality (two by first past the post; the others by block voting, in districts that ranged in size from two to nine seats); half by proportional representation nationwide. (The usual one-party sweep produced by block voting is seen in Hebron in the 2006 election where
1165:
Due to multiple voting, when a party runs more than one candidate, it is impossible to know if the party had support of as many voters as the party tally of votes (up to number of voters participating in the election) or if it had support of just the number of voters equivalent to the votes received
1701:
In Brazil, where
Senatorial elections alternate between FPTP and block voting, each main candidate is registered along with two substitutes. Votes in either election are cast and counted based on these three-candidate slates; when a Senator leaves office before their eight-year term ends, the first
1579:
While many criticize block voting's tendency to create landslide victories, some cite it as a strength. Since the winners of a block voting election generally represent the same slate or group of voters, there is greater agreement among those elected, potentially leading to a reduction in political
1625:
is a strategy in which a voter only votes for a single candidate in an attempt to stop them being beaten by additional choices. Because the voter is essentially wasting a portion of their vote, bullet voting is only a good strategy when the voter has a strong preference for their favorite and is
1531:
Candidates of Party A won in a landslide, even though they only received a plurality (35–37%) among the voters (10,000). This is because most parties run as many candidates as there are open seats and voters of a party usually do not split their ticket, but vote for all candidates of that party.
1575:
of the top-place candidate may win every available seat. A voter does have the option to vote for candidates of different political parties if they wish, but if the largest group of voters have strong party loyalty, there is nothing the other voters or parties can do to prevent a landslide.
1094:
is in common usage in elections for representative members of a body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body (for example, a city, state or province, nation, club or association). Where the system is used in a territory divided into multi-member
4033:
Expert site providing encyclopedia on
Electoral Systems and Management, country by country data, a library of electoral materials, latest election news, the opportunity to submit questions to a network of electoral experts, and a forum to discuss all of the
1705:
On the other hand, in political systems with a culture of by-elections, filling vacancies under Block Voting can be harder than in other voting methods. This is because by-elections to fill a single seat in a multi-member district can be expensive.
3651:
in the first six general elections between 1890 and 1898: while the majority of seats was elected by plurality in 214 single-member districts, there were 43 two-member districts that elected their representatives by block voting.
1888:
is the country with the most extensive experience in plurality-at-large voting. Positions where there are multiple winners usually use plurality-at-large voting, the exception is the election for sectoral representatives in the
2517:
Two round block plurality voting (BV) candidates have to get at least 28% of the votes in a district to get elected. If there are unfilled seat, a runoff is held with twice the number of candidates as there are unfilled seats
1114:
election in multi-member districts. In such a system, each party puts forward a slate of candidates, a voter casts just one vote, and the party winning a plurality of votes sees its whole slate elected, winning all the seats.
1670:
3509:
In the second round, a simple majority suffices. If multiple candidates receive the same number of votes, the election is won by the older of the candidates when no one can be elected based on the number of
1626:
unsure of, and/or indifferent to, the other candidates' relative chances of winning, for example, if the voter supports an independent candidate or a minor party which has only nominated one candidate.
1709:
There are alternative ways of selecting a replacement in such systems: one way is to fill any seat that becomes empty by appointing the most popular unsuccessful candidate in the last election, i.e. a
4016:
1619:
will occur. Similarly, a coalition has a substantial incentive to nominate a full slate of candidates, as otherwise supporting voters may cast some of their remaining votes for opposing candidates.
3405:, for local elections in municipalities under 10,000 residents. The system is officially called "individualized list electoral system" or "electoral system using personalized lists" (Hungarian:
1080:. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number of seats to be filled. The usual result when the candidates divide into parties is that the most popular party in the district sees its full
3761:
1174:
Candidates are running in a three-member district; each of the 10,000 voters may cast three votes (but do not have to). Voters may not cast more than one vote for a single candidate.
1162:
candidates with the most votes (who may or may not obtain a majority of available votes or support from the majority of the voters) are declared elected and will fill the positions.
3621:
1056:
3884:
3861:
4065:
3933:
3937:
3315:
3258:
4515:
3320:
3253:
2955:
4283:
747:
1890:
1547:
The block voting system has a number of features which can make it unrepresentative of the voters' intentions. Block voting regularly produces complete
3248:
2831:
3822:
3815:
Law on the
Election of the State Great Hural of Mongolia Procedure for Observation and Reporting on the Election of the State Great Hural of Mongolia
4411:
4263:
3530:, with the number of each varying from one election to the next. Other Canadian provincial legislatures have in the past used plurality-at-large or
1689:. A slate of clones of the top preferred candidate will win every seat under both systems, however in preferential block voting this is instead the
779:
641:
636:
4510:
4288:
3310:
2314:
1748:
1049:
742:
55:
1685:
as both systems tend to produce landslide victories for similar candidates. Instead of a series of checkboxes, preferential block voting uses a
4273:
4058:
3570:
3416:
2960:
2346:
2342:
1902:
1642:
424:
3980:
3755:
3745:
3625:
3124:(FPTP/SMP) in single-member districts, Block plurality voting (BV) in multi-member districts seats + Block plurality voting (BV) nationwide
948:
4637:
2118:
199:
3779:
3526:
used a similar rule. From 1871 to 1988, British
Columbia had some multi-member ridings using plurality-at-large, and others elected under
1177:
Party A has about 35% support among the electorate, Party B around 25% and the remaining voters primarily support independent candidates.
3728:
4320:
3460:
3411:), which can be loosely interpreted as meaning personalized block voting, as opposed to party list systems, such as party block voting (
3205:
3162:
2506:
2261:
2170:
4000:
1144:
votes, and are able to cast no more than one per candidate. They cannot vote for the same candidate more than once, as is permitted in
3907:
corporateName=Australian
Electoral Commission; address=50 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra ACT 2600; contact=13 23 26 (March 23, 2016).
3450:
3210:
3157:
2215:
1099:
the system is commonly referred to as "block voting" or the "bloc vote". These systems are usually based on a single round of voting.
1042:
1795:
102:
4051:
3648:
3590:
3426:
2266:
2255:
2033:
1814:
121:
4655:
1767:
1559:, a small cohesive group of voters, making up only a minority of the voters, can elect all the open seats by merely constituting a
943:
74:
4505:
4451:
3951:
3562:
3373:
2951:
2900:
2443:
1714:
933:
683:
654:
594:
4303:
2280:(FPTP/SMP) in single-member constituencies (19 seats) and Block plurality voting (BV) in multi-member constituencies (14 seats)
4632:
4025:
3613:
3586:
3523:
2755:
2712:
2387:
1971:
665:
190:
1774:
81:
4431:
3701:
3666:
3617:
3012:
2842:
2338:
2309:
2225:
2129:
2045:
1982:
1752:
1650:
1638:
728:
59:
1539:
system would likely elect 1 candidate from party A, 1 candidate from party B and 1 independent candidate in this scenario.
3681:
3605:
3383:
2382:
2027:
370:
355:
340:
3636:
before proportional representation was implemented in 1900. The system, however, was combined with a system similar to a
4474:
4459:
4278:
3671:
3582:
3104:
3049:
2701:
2614:
2565:
2113:
1781:
986:
606:
529:
450:
88:
4525:
4248:
4238:
4099:
3402:
2795:
2619:
1939:
1166:
by the most popular candidate and the other candidates of that party merely received votes from subset of that group.
418:
400:
241:
971:
4675:
4490:
4181:
3337:
3275:
3121:
3058:
2917:
2895:
2630:
2582:
2277:
1995:
1986:
1763:
1552:
862:
845:
812:
792:
576:
564:
534:
335:
293:
226:
70:
1741:
670:
48:
4540:
4495:
4441:
4353:
3594:
3440:
2707:
2438:
2165:
1999:
1898:
1894:
1864:
1854:
1682:
1658:
718:
711:
195:
3502:
In the first round, candidates are elected if they receive an absolute majority of votes cast and the vote of a
4530:
4416:
4374:
4293:
4218:
4154:
4112:
3531:
3391:
3242:
3200:
2749:
2527:
2359:
2210:
1536:
772:
700:
689:
552:
539:
522:
499:
477:
440:
430:
4149:
4555:
4545:
4520:
4336:
4213:
3527:
3152:
2303:
1593:
898:
752:
435:
3981:
https://web.archive.org/web/20081029054124/http://www.elections.ps/pdf/Final_Result_PLC_Dist_Seats_2_En.pdf
4596:
4535:
4398:
4341:
3813:
3304:
2977:
2812:
2788:
2782:
2376:
1601:
1073:
927:
807:
737:
544:
4500:
4421:
4186:
3850:[Act L. of 2010. on the election of local government representatives and mayors] (in Hungarian).
3676:
3609:
3578:
3534:, but now all members of provincial legislatures are exclusively elected under single-member plurality.
3003:
2891:
2494:
2107:
1690:
835:
675:
559:
365:
344:
276:
254:
3908:
3541:, block voting is used for a tiny proportion of the territory's population to elect the members of the
1841:
1027:
893:
3557:
from 1901 to 1948 (from 1918, this was preferential block voting). Block voting was also once used in
4570:
4139:
3494:, the election of municipal councilors takes place by majority vote plurinominal, in two rounds with
3350:
3292:
3230:
3182:
3134:
3078:
3032:
2986:
2934:
2862:
2837:
2477:
2415:
1612:
966:
953:
921:
185:
1788:
95:
4550:
4144:
3574:
3095:
2981:
2732:
2684:
2432:
2232:(TRS) in single-member districts (50% of votes required to win in 1st round in every constituency)
2136:(TRS) in single-member districts (50% of votes required to win in 1st round in every constituency)
2090:
2070:
2061:
2052:(TRS) in single-member districts (25% of votes required to win in 1st round in every constituency)
2004:
1960:
1686:
1581:
1152:
872:
706:
359:
4591:
4201:
3750:. Stockholm, Sweden: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. p. 44.
3641:
3542:
3007:
2656:
2500:
1646:
1630:
1560:
1096:
1077:
1032:
903:
514:
298:
4159:
3995:
981:
3775:
3620:. In some Lebanese and Palestinian constituencies, there is only one seat to be filled; in the
1615:. Coalitions are actively hurt when they have more candidates than there are seats to fill, as
4560:
4469:
4426:
4346:
4268:
4191:
4176:
4134:
3927:
3751:
3725:
3566:
3554:
3387:
2556:
2464:
2406:
2204:
2159:
2021:
1548:
1145:
1081:
938:
908:
830:
767:
601:
328:
303:
286:
154:
1551:
majorities for the group of candidates with the highest level of support. Additionally, like
4601:
4233:
4089:
4074:
3632:
A form of block plurality voting was used for the elections of both houses of
Parliament in
3601:
3519:
3515:
2945:
2633:(FPTP/SMP) in single-member districts and Block plurality voting (BV) in two-seat districts
2608:
2334:
2250:
2229:
2133:
2049:
1966:
1111:
1019:
976:
867:
855:
569:
445:
271:
265:
247:
236:
231:
219:
180:
142:
4649:
4565:
4406:
4384:
4196:
4117:
4107:
4085:
3732:
3637:
3558:
3099:
2662:
1874:
1666:
1597:
1556:
1007:
840:
695:
660:
581:
492:
395:
318:
260:
138:
2345:(simple quota largest remainder; closed-list) in larger districts + twice 20 nationally
162:
4464:
4169:
4129:
3848:"2010. évi L. törvény a helyi önkormányzati képviselők és polgármesterek választásáról"
3477:
3412:
2874:
2774:
2768:
1909:
1654:
1616:
1572:
1107:
1103:
877:
817:
802:
613:
482:
457:
308:
3959:
1002:
17:
4669:
4208:
3847:
3565:
elections in the United
Kingdom until their abolition, and remains in use throughout
3483:
3053:
2560:
1622:
886:
586:
374:
212:
175:
150:
4223:
4164:
3194:
626:
390:
383:
313:
4012:
1151:
Voters are permitted to cast their votes across candidates of different parties (
4606:
4369:
4308:
4228:
4124:
3661:
3436:
3044:
2744:
2696:
2539:
1885:
1730:
1605:
504:
462:
405:
350:
37:
3864:[Electionl Code – Article L252] (in French). Legifrance. March 23, 2014
3340:(FPTP/SMP) in single-member districts + Block plurality voting (BV) nationwide
3278:(FPTP/SMP) in single-member districts + Block plurality voting (BV) nationwide
1106:
version of block plurality voting is party block voting (PBV), also called the
4379:
4315:
3887:[Election Code – Article L253] (in French). Legifrance. March 13, 1983
3146:
2298:
4021:
4616:
4611:
3538:
3495:
3456:
2920:(FPTP/SMP) in local constituencies + Block plurality voting (BV) nationwide
2463:
Block plurality voting (BV) in single nationwide constituency for 16 seats;
2458:
2396:
2371:
1710:
1634:
1608:
by casting all of their votes for a slate of candidates from a major party.
472:
467:
1897:
and all local legislatures are elected via this method. The members of the
2139:
46 (44 directly elected + 1 delegate from Banaba Island and 1 ex officio)
1014:
4436:
2998:
2886:
2489:
2102:
1662:
1090:
723:
4298:
3633:
3431:
3396:
1755: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1555:
methods, if there are many parties running and voters do not engage in
509:
3545:, which is responsible for selecting the territory's Chief Executive.
3388:
local people's congresses in provincial, municipal and regional levels
1128:
In a block voting election, all candidates run against each other for
4586:
3503:
3491:
3446:
3369:
3090:
2826:
2427:
1955:
4043:
1136:
is commonly called the district magnitude. Each voter selects up to
1671:
multi-member constituencies in the
Parliament of the United Kingdom
3600:
Block plurality voting is or was also used in the election of the
3471:
3466:
3379:
2651:
1908:
The following countries use block plurality voting (not including
3422:
2603:
2551:
2199:
2154:
2016:
1681:
Block voting, or block plurality voting, is often compared with
4047:
1713:. This was used in the City of Edmonton (Canada) following the
1724:
31:
4030:
3996:
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/oped/voter_rights.shtml
1867:(BV) or mixed FPTP and BV only for upper house of legislature
1702:
substitute takes their place, and then the second if needed.
4037:
3747:
161:
3608:(between 1854 and 1902, and between 1906 and 1910), of the
2806:
One-round (plurality) or two-round (majority) block voting
3347:
electoral districts and a single nationwide constituency
3289:
electoral districts and a single nationwide constituency
3131:
electoral districts and a single nationwide constituency
2931:
electoral districts and a single nationwide constituency
3522:. When Toronto was amalgamated in 1997, the new entity's
2395:
3 (for 20 constituencies) and 2 (for the constituency of
1901:(the parliament) were also elected under this method in
3075:
12 constituencies, partly based on historical parishes
4040:
A website tool customized to support Baha'i elections.
3776:"State Officeholders | Vermont Progressive Party"
3702:"Election - Plurality, Majority, Systems | Britannica"
3221:
Block plurality voting, each voter has up to 12 votes
3023:
Block plurality voting, each voter has up to 38 votes
1912:
using plurality) in their national electoral systems:
1611:
Parties in block voting systems can also benefit from
3744:
Reynolds, Andrew; Reilly, Ben; Ellis, Andrew (2005).
3647:
Block voting was used in some constituencies for the
3173:
Block plurality voting, each voter has up to 9 votes
2585:(FPTP/SMP) 14 seats + Block plurality voting 6 seats
1835:
Block voting used for electing national legislatures
2322:
1–3 (local districts), 40 (nationwide constituency)
1669:. Historically, similar situations arose within the
1633:
between political parties or groups as opposed to a
4625:
4579:
4483:
4450:
4397:
4362:
4329:
4256:
4247:
4098:
3112:1–4 (local districts), 4 (nationwide constituency)
2879:
Crown dependencies and
British Overseas territories
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2457:/ Mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) using a single (
1140:candidates on the ballot. Each of the voters have
3561:. It was used for multi-member constituencies in
3328:1 (local districts), 4 (nationwide constituency)
3266:1 (local districts), 5 (nationwide constituency)
2908:1 (local districts), 4 (nationwide constituency)
2573:1 (local districts), 6 (nationwide constituency)
1629:This system sometimes fosters the creation of an
3629:one party took all the district's nine seats.)
3406:
4059:
3372:, in many local government elections, and in
1050:
8:
4516:Independence of Smith-dominated alternatives
3932:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3506:of at least a quarter of registered voters;
1592:Block plurality voting, like single-winner
4253:
4066:
4052:
4044:
4001:Rogers v. Lodge, (1982) Supreme Court Case
3936:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3808:
3806:
3282:21 (15 directly elected + 4 appointed + 2
1914:
1057:
1043:
133:
2405:70 (62 directly elected + a maximum of 8
2048:(BV) in multi-member districts, modified
1815:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3909:"Events in Australian electoral history"
3624:there were only plurality seats, but in
3263:block voting via multi-winner districts
3109:block voting via multi-winner districts
3063:block voting via multi-winner districts
2965:block voting via multi-winner districts
2847:block voting via multi-winner districts
2800:block voting via multi-winner districts
2624:block voting via multi-winner districts
2570:block voting via multi-winner districts
2511:block voting via multi-winner districts
2392:block voting via multi-winner districts
2271:block voting via multi-winner districts
2220:block voting via multi-winner districts
2175:block voting via multi-winner districts
2123:block voting via multi-winner districts
2077:block voting via multi-winner districts
2038:block voting via multi-winner districts
1976:block voting via multi-winner districts
1831:
1588:Tactical voting and strategic nomination
1179:
4511:Independence of irrelevant alternatives
4289:Sequential proportional approval voting
3764:from the original on December 21, 2016.
3693:
1946:
149:
3925:
3782:from the original on February 18, 2011
1643:New Hampshire House of Representatives
1604:have a substantial incentive to avoid
4013:A Handbook of Electoral System Design
1677:Compared to preferential block voting
1600:. Supporters of relatively unpopular
7:
4022:Electoral Design Reference Materials
3828:from the original on August 25, 2015
3486:, in some state and local elections.
3365:Other countries using block voting:
1753:adding citations to reliable sources
60:adding citations to reliable sources
4321:Indirect single transferable voting
3589:(until 2013, FPTP since 2017), the
3461:group representation constituencies
3449:, in some local elections, e.g. in
2349:(one set of 20 reserved for women)
2341:(BV) in dual-member districts, and
1501:TOTAL possible votes (3 per voter)
2337:(TRS) in single-member districts,
1979:1 or 2 (alternates each election)
25:
3649:House of Representatives of Japan
3408:egyéni listás választási rendszer
27:Non-proportional electoral system
3303:
3241:
3193:
3145:
3089:
3043:
2997:
2944:
2885:
2873:
2825:
2781:
2767:
2743:
2695:
2650:
2602:
2550:
2538:
2488:
2426:
2370:
2297:
2249:
2228:(BV) in multi-member districts,
2198:
2153:
2132:(BV) in multi-member districts,
2101:
2015:
1954:
1840:
1729:
1715:1905 Edmonton municipal election
1645:, with the election of multiple
1637:. This has been the case in the
1596:, is particularly vulnerable to
1026:
1013:
1001:
949:McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem
595:Semi-proportional representation
227:First preference plurality (FPP)
36:
4031:ACE Electoral Knowledge Network
3913:Australian Electoral Commission
3885:"Code électoral – Article L253"
3862:"Code électoral – Article L252"
3800:Edmonton Bulletin, Dec. 7, 1905
3614:Palestinian Legislative Council
3443:and local legislative elections
3331:Majoritarian parallel voting /
3269:Majoritarian parallel voting /
3227:single nationwide constituency
3179:single nationwide constituency
3115:Majoritarian parallel voting /
3029:single nationwide constituency
2911:Majoritarian parallel voting /
2729:single nationwide constituency
2681:single nationwide constituency
2474:single nationwide constituency
1740:needs additional citations for
1571:Under block voting, a slate of
47:needs additional citations for
4432:Mixed ballot transferable vote
3667:Multiple non-transferable vote
3618:National Assembly of Mauritius
1651:New Hampshire Liberty Alliance
1639:National Assembly of Mauritius
987:Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
944:Moulin's impossibility theorem
909:Conflicting majorities paradox
1:
3682:Municipal elections in France
3612:, the plurality seats in the
3606:Argentine Chamber of Deputies
3553:Block voting was used in the
2451:24 (nationwide constituency)
2028:Islamic Consultative Assembly
813:Frustrated majorities paradox
4633:Comparison of voting systems
4475:Satisfaction approval voting
4460:Single non-transferable vote
4279:Proportional approval voting
3672:Single non-transferable vote
3622:Palestinian election of 1996
3069:Block plurality voting (BV)
2971:Block plurality voting (BV)
2853:Block plurality voting (BV)
2723:Block plurality voting (BV)
2675:Block plurality voting (BV)
2402:Block plurality voting (BV)
2181:Block plurality voting (BV)
2083:Block plurality voting (BV)
1119:Casting and counting ballots
982:Condorcet dominance theorems
922:Social and collective choice
4239:Graduated majority judgment
2720:12 (alternating elections)
2184:164 (149 directly elected)
2055:290 (285 directly elected)
1132:number of positions, where
1110:, which also uses a simple
648:By mechanism of combination
419:Proportional representation
4692:
4491:Condorcet winner criterion
4182:First-past-the-post voting
3726:City of Hendersonville, NC
3480:, in some local elections.
3384:National People's Congress
2448:mixed-member majoritarian
2319:mixed-member majoritarian
1877:mixed BV and party-list PR
846:Multiple districts paradox
577:Fractional approval voting
565:Interactive representation
4646:
4638:Voting systems by country
4541:Mutual majority criterion
4496:Condorcet loser criterion
4442:Vote linkage mixed system
4354:Largest remainders method
4081:
3427:city and village councils
3224:15 (12 directly elected)
3026:40 (38 directly elected)
2870:
2326:Coexistence+superposition
2012:
1899:Interim Batasang Pambansa
1857:(BV) or mixed FPTP and BV
1683:preferential block voting
1659:Vermont Progressive Party
1514:
1500:
1484:
1194:
1185:
793:Paradoxes and pathologies
642:Mixed-member proportional
637:Mixed-member majoritarian
632:By results of combination
523:Approval-based committees
4531:Majority loser criterion
4417:Additional member system
4375:Hagenbach-Bischoff quota
4294:Single transferable vote
4219:Positional voting system
4155:Minimax Condorcet method
4113:Combined approval voting
3532:single transferable vote
3451:Moscow district councils
3392:combined approval voting
3374:Senate nominee elections
3325:single-winner districts
3250:Turks and Caicos Islands
3176:11 (9 directly elected)
2905:single-winner districts
2669:single-winner districts
2528:Semi-presidential system
2360:Semi-presidential system
2022:Islamic Republic of Iran
1891:House of Representatives
1764:"Plurality block voting"
1657:, with the elections of
1537:single transferable vote
972:Condorcet's jury theorem
773:Double simultaneous vote
748:Rural–urban proportional
743:Dual-member proportional
705:
694:
661:Parallel (superposition)
553:Fractional social choice
540:Expanding approvals rule
369:
354:
339:
270:
259:
235:
71:"Plurality block voting"
4556:Resolvability criterion
4546:Participation criterion
4521:Later-no-harm criterion
4337:Highest averages method
3528:single member plurality
1930:Seats per constituency
1924:Latest election (year)
1543:Effects of block voting
1084:of candidates elected.
899:Tyranny of the majority
676:Fusion (majority bonus)
493:Quota-remainder methods
4597:First-preference votes
4536:Monotonicity criterion
4506:Independence of clones
4209:Simple majoritarianism
4038:TallyJ Election System
3731:June 25, 2008, at the
3407:
3361:Sub-national elections
3312:British Virgin Islands
3215:block voting at-large
3167:block voting at-large
3017:block voting at-large
3008:States of Deliberation
2717:block voting at-large
2339:two-round block voting
2226:Two-round block voting
2130:Two-round block voting
2046:two-round block voting
1983:Block plurality voting
1078:multi-winner elections
1070:Block plurality voting
1033:Mathematics portal
939:Majority impossibility
928:Impossibility theorems
724:Negative vote transfer
545:Method of equal shares
166:
18:Multi-member plurality
4501:Consistency criterion
4422:Alternative vote plus
4187:Instant-runoff voting
3778:. November 24, 2013.
3677:Block approval voting
3610:Parliament of Lebanon
3573:. It is also used in
3474:, for noble elections
2615:Consultative Assembly
1893:. The members of the
836:Best-is-worst paradox
825:Pathological response
560:Direct representation
213:Single-winner methods
165:
4571:Seats-to-votes ratio
4342:Webster/Sainte-Laguë
3642:Mongolian parliament
3351:Parliamentary system
3293:Parliamentary system
3231:Parliamentary system
3183:Parliamentary system
3158:Legislative Assembly
3135:Parliamentary system
3079:Parliamentary system
3033:Parliamentary system
2987:Parliamentary system
2978:Stanley constituency
2956:Legislative Assembly
2935:Parliamentary system
2863:Parliamentary system
2859:electoral districts
2760:All cantons, except:
2639:electoral districts
2544:Realm of New Zealand
2524:electoral districts
2501:State Great Assembly
2478:Parliamentary system
2416:Parliamentary system
2412:electoral districts
2356:electoral districts
2286:electoral districts
2238:electoral districts
2142:electoral districts
2058:electoral districts
1944:Governmental system
1749:improve this article
1653:members; and in the
1613:strategic nomination
1020:Economics portal
967:Median voter theorem
186:Comparative politics
56:improve this article
4551:Plurality criterion
4150:Kemeny–Young method
3338:First-past-the-post
3276:First-past-the-post
3206:Legislative Council
3122:First-past-the-post
2918:First-past-the-post
2733:Presidential system
2685:Presidential system
2631:First-past-the-post
2583:First-past-the-post
2278:First-past-the-post
2091:Presidential system
2071:Assembly of Experts
2062:Presidential system
2005:Presidential system
1987:First-past-the-post
1721:Use of block voting
1687:preferential ballot
1567:Landslide victories
1553:first past the post
1097:electoral districts
1008:Politics portal
719:Vote linkage system
690:Seat linkage system
277:Ranked-choice (RCV)
4592:Election threshold
4526:Majority criterion
4202:Supplementary vote
4017:International IDEA
3706:www.britannica.com
3604:(until 2011), the
3543:Election Committee
2576:Parallel voting /
1910:party block voting
1828:National elections
1647:Free State Project
1631:electoral alliance
904:Discursive dilemma
863:Lesser evil voting
738:Supermixed systems
441:Largest remainders
299:Round-robin voting
167:
4676:Electoral systems
4663:
4662:
4561:Reversal symmetry
4470:Cumulative voting
4452:Semi-proportional
4427:Mixed single vote
4393:
4392:
4269:Mixed single vote
4177:Exhaustive ballot
4140:Copeland's method
4135:Condorcet methods
4075:Electoral systems
3962:on March 24, 2016
3757:978-91-85391-18-9
3567:England and Wales
3555:Australian Senate
3358:
3357:
3316:House of Assembly
3254:House of Assembly
2982:Camp constituency
2896:House of Assembly
2756:Council of States
2383:National Assembly
2310:National Assembly
2211:National Assembly
2166:National Assembly
2114:House of Assembly
1933:Electoral system
1921:Legislative body
1882:
1881:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1799:
1529:
1528:
1146:cumulative voting
1067:
1066:
954:Gibbard's theorem
894:Dominance paradox
831:Perverse response
535:Phragmen's method
401:Majority judgment
329:Positional voting
287:Condorcet methods
155:electoral systems
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
4683:
4602:Liquid democracy
4254:
4234:Two-round system
4145:Dodgson's method
4068:
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3969:
3967:
3958:. Archived from
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3602:Senate of Poland
3591:Falkland Islands
3520:Alternative Vote
3516:British Columbia
3410:
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2543:
2542:
2493:
2492:
2439:National Council
2431:
2430:
2375:
2374:
2335:Two-round system
2302:
2301:
2256:Marshall Islands
2254:
2253:
2230:two-round system
2203:
2202:
2158:
2157:
2134:two-round system
2106:
2105:
2050:two-round system
2020:
2019:
2000:Federal district
1959:
1958:
1915:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1844:
1832:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1757:
1733:
1725:
1594:plurality voting
1180:
1153:ticket splitting
1059:
1052:
1045:
1031:
1030:
1018:
1017:
1006:
1005:
961:Positive results
856:Strategic voting
753:Majority jackpot
710:
699:
570:Liquid democracy
446:National remnant
436:Highest averages
373:
358:
343:
275:
266:Alternative vote
264:
248:Partisan primary
240:
181:Mechanism design
134:
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4621:
4575:
4566:Smith criterion
4479:
4446:
4407:Parallel voting
4389:
4385:Imperiali quota
4358:
4325:
4243:
4197:Contingent vote
4160:Nanson's method
4118:Unified primary
4108:Approval voting
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3733:Wayback Machine
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3571:local elections
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1927:Type of system
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1667:Anthony Pollina
1598:tactical voting
1590:
1569:
1557:tactical voting
1545:
1535:By contrast, a
1172:
1126:
1121:
1074:winner-take-all
1063:
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1024:
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1000:
992:
991:
958:
934:Arrow's theorem
924:
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841:No-show paradox
822:
808:Cloning paradox
798:Spoiler effects
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582:Maximal lottery
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530:Thiele's method
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384:Cardinal voting
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4465:Limited voting
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969:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
925:
920:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
881:
880:
878:Turkey-raising
875:
870:
865:
851:
850:
849:
848:
838:
833:
821:
820:
818:Center squeeze
815:
810:
805:
803:Spoiler effect
796:
791:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
777:
776:
775:
762:By ballot type
758:
757:
756:
755:
750:
745:
735:
734:
733:
732:
731:
726:
716:
715:
714:
703:
680:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
645:
644:
639:
630:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
614:Limited voting
611:
610:
609:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
573:
572:
567:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
488:
487:
486:
485:
483:Localized list
480:
475:
470:
465:
455:
454:
453:
451:Biproportional
448:
443:
438:
422:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
379:
378:
363:
348:
324:
323:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
296:
282:
281:
280:
279:
268:
255:Instant-runoff
252:
251:
250:
242:Jungle primary
229:
218:Single vote -
216:
211:
210:
207:
206:
204:
203:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
169:
168:
158:
157:
147:
146:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4688:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4100:Single-winner
4097:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3974:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3914:
3910:
3903:
3900:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3824:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3719:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3563:parliamentary
3560:
3556:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3485:
3484:United States
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:party list PR
3414:
3409:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:superposition
3330:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3272:
3271:superposition
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3117:superposition
3114:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:House of Keys
3052:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2913:superposition
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2578:superposition
2575:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2455:Superposition
2453:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1819:
1816:
1808:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766: –
1765:
1761:
1760:Find sources:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1738:This section
1736:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1623:Bullet voting
1620:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:third parties
1599:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1464:Candidate I6
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1443:Candidate I5
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1422:Candidate I4
1421:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1401:Candidate I3
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1380:Candidate I2
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1359:Candidate I1
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1338:Candidate B3
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1317:Candidate B2
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1296:Candidate B1
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
996:
995:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
977:May's theorem
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
962:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
929:
923:
918:
917:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
889:
888:
887:majority rule
885:Paradoxes of
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
859:
858:
857:
847:
844:
843:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
827:
826:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
799:
794:
789:
788:
781:
778:
774:
771:
770:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
717:
713:
708:
704:
702:
697:
693:
692:
691:
688:
687:
686:
685:
681:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
657:
656:
651:
650:
649:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
633:
628:
627:Mixed systems
623:
622:
615:
612:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
599:
598:
597:
596:
588:
587:Random ballot
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
561:
558:
557:
556:
555:
554:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
524:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:
494:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
432:
431:Apportionment
429:
428:
427:
426:
420:
415:
414:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
386:
385:
376:
372:
367:
366:Antiplurality
364:
361:
357:
352:
349:
346:
342:
337:
334:
333:
332:
331:
330:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
294:Condorcet-IRV
292:
291:
290:
289:
288:
278:
273:
269:
267:
262:
258:
257:
256:
253:
249:
246:
245:
243:
238:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
221:
214:
209:
208:
201:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
176:Social choice
174:
173:
171:
170:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:Social choice
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4654:
4648:
4264:Mixed-member
4249:Proportional
4224:Score voting
4165:Ranked pairs
4084:Part of the
4083:
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3960:the original
3955:
3946:
3918:September 4,
3916:. Retrieved
3912:
3902:
3889:. Retrieved
3879:
3866:. Retrieved
3856:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3814:
3796:
3786:February 18,
3784:. Retrieved
3770:
3746:
3739:
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3705:
3696:
3646:
3631:
3616:and for the
3599:
3595:Saint Helena
3552:
3536:
3513:
3489:
3364:
3336:
3332:
3311:
3301:
3283:
3274:
3270:
3249:
3239:
3202:Saint Helena
3201:
3191:
3153:
3143:
3120:
3116:
3087:
3041:
2995:
2950:
2925:
2916:
2912:
2883:
2871:
2823:
2779:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2741:
2693:
2648:
2600:
2581:
2577:
2548:
2536:
2486:
2462:
2454:
2424:
2368:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2295:
2247:
2196:
2151:
2099:
2013:
1952:
1936:Total seats
1907:
1883:
1865:Block voting
1855:Block voting
1811:
1802:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1759:
1747:Please help
1742:verification
1739:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1680:
1628:
1621:
1610:
1606:wasted votes
1591:
1578:
1570:
1546:
1534:
1530:
1485:
1469:Independent
1448:Independent
1427:Independent
1406:Independent
1385:Independent
1364:Independent
1289:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1265:Candidate A3
1264:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1239:
1233:Candidate A2
1232:
1225:
1220:
1212:
1207:
1201:Candidate A1
1200:
1176:
1173:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1124:Block voting
1101:
1088:
1086:
1069:
1068:
960:
959:
926:
884:
883:
868:Exaggeration
854:
853:
824:
823:
797:
761:
760:
729:Mixed ballot
684:Compensatory
682:
655:compensatory
652:
647:
631:
593:
592:
551:
550:
521:
520:
491:
490:
478:List-free PR
423:
391:Score voting
382:
381:
327:
326:
314:Ranked pairs
285:
284:
217:
118:
112:January 2022
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
4607:Spoilt vote
4370:Droop quota
4309:Schulze STV
4284:Rural–urban
4229:STAR voting
4125:Borda count
4026:ACE Project
3891:November 3,
3868:November 3,
3832:December 3,
3662:Voting bloc
3583:Isle of Man
3437:Philippines
3050:Isle of Man
2750:Switzerland
2702:Philippines
2409:appointed)
2407:Best Losers
2328:(parallel)
2262:Legislature
1989:(FPTP/SMP)
1886:Philippines
1649:as well as
1076:method for
768:Single vote
671:Conditional
666:Coexistence
515:Quota Borda
505:Schulze STV
463:Closed list
406:STAR voting
351:Borda count
4626:Comparison
4380:Hare quota
4330:Allocation
4316:Spare vote
4304:Hare-Clark
4274:Party-list
3990:References
3952:"Idea.int"
3549:Former use
3425:, for the
3376:in Alberta
3284:ex officio
3154:Montserrat
2926:ex officio
2838:Parliament
2467:(8 seats)
2461:) ballot:
2330:supermixed
2304:Mauritania
2187:provinces
1775:newspapers
1183:Candidate
1104:party-list
1089:plurality
873:Truncation
602:Cumulative
425:Party-list
200:By country
191:Comparison
82:newspapers
4617:Unseating
4612:Sortition
4214:Plurality
4090:Economics
4024:from the
3569:for some
3539:Hong Kong
3496:panachage
3457:Singapore
3453:elections
2789:Neuchâtel
2503:(Khural)
2459:panachage
2397:Rodrigues
2377:Mauritius
2332:/hybrid:
2044:Modified
2030:(Majlis)
1985:(BV) and
1711:countback
1697:Vacancies
1635:coalition
1561:plurality
1549:landslide
1195:Elected?
1112:plurality
1087:The term
780:Dual-vote
473:Panachage
468:Open list
458:List type
336:Plurality
232:Two-round
220:plurality
143:Economics
4670:Category
4484:Criteria
4437:Scorporo
4086:politics
3956:idea.int
3928:cite web
3823:Archived
3821:. 2012.
3780:Archived
3762:Archived
3729:Archived
3711:July 16,
3656:See also
3579:Guernsey
3399:in 1998
3382:for the
3004:Guernsey
2892:Anguilla
2561:Assembly
2495:Mongolia
2108:Kiribati
1998:and the
1918:Country
1805:May 2020
1693:winner.
1663:Tim Ashe
1661:members
1582:gridlock
1343:Party B
1322:Party B
1301:Party B
1091:at-large
500:Hare STV
139:Politics
137:A joint
4656:Project
4347:D'Hondt
4299:CPO-STV
4257:Systems
3634:Belgium
3432:Lebanon
3403:Hungary
3397:Ecuador
2813:Cantons
2347:List PR
2343:List PR
1789:scholar
1518:10,000
1515:Voters
1504:30,000
1490:28,000
1272:Party A
1240:Party A
1208:Party A
1170:Example
510:CPO-STV
360:Baldwin
309:Schulze
304:Minimax
222:methods
96:scholar
4650:Portal
4587:Ballot
4363:Quotas
4092:series
3966:May 7,
3754:
3585:, the
3581:, the
3575:Jersey
3504:quorum
3492:France
3463:(GRCs)
3459:, for
3447:Russia
3441:Senate
3439:, for
3370:Canada
3096:Jersey
2832:Tuvalu
2708:Senate
2663:Senate
2433:Monaco
1996:States
1967:Senate
1961:Brazil
1947:Notes
1895:Senate
1873:
1871:
1863:
1861:
1853:
1851:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1762:
1641:; the
1573:clones
1189:Votes
1186:Party
375:Coombs
145:series
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
4580:Other
4399:Mixed
4034:above
4015:from
3826:(PDF)
3819:(PDF)
3688:Notes
3510:seats
3472:Tonga
3467:Syria
3415:) or
3390:with
3380:China
2657:Palau
2178:5–19
2080:1–16
2041:1–30
1796:JSTOR
1782:books
1521:100%
1486:TOTAL
1430:1800
1409:1900
1388:2395
1367:2300
1346:2400
1325:2500
1304:2600
1082:slate
1072:is a
712:'MMP'
701:'AMS'
103:JSTOR
89:books
4088:and
3968:2018
3938:link
3934:link
3920:2019
3893:2014
3870:2014
3834:2014
3788:2011
3752:ISBN
3713:2023
3626:2006
3593:and
3423:Iran
3386:and
3321:2019
3259:2021
3211:2021
3163:2019
3105:2018
3059:2021
3013:2020
2980:and
2968:3–5
2961:2021
2901:2020
2843:2024
2803:1–2
2796:2019
2775:Jura
2713:2022
2627:1–2
2620:2019
2609:Oman
2566:2020
2557:Niue
2514:1–5
2507:2020
2444:2018
2388:2019
2353:157
2315:2018
2274:1–5
2267:2019
2235:147
2216:2020
2205:Mali
2171:2021
2160:Laos
2126:1–3
2119:2020
2034:2020
1972:2022
1903:1978
1884:The
1768:news
1665:and
1478:12.
1472:600
1457:11.
1451:650
1433:15%
1412:19%
1391:20%
1370:23%
1349:24%
1328:25%
1307:26%
1281:36%
1277:3600
1249:37%
1245:3700
1217:36%
1213:3555
1158:The
1102:The
653:Non-
607:SNTV
196:List
153:and
141:and
75:news
4412:MMP
3537:In
3514:In
3490:In
3344:13
3218:12
3128:49
3072:24
3020:38
2856:16
2809:46
2726:24
2678:13
2672:13
2636:86
2589:20
2521:76
2471:24
2283:33
1992:81
1751:by
1475:6%
1454:7%
1436:10
1415:9.
1394:7.
1373:8.
1352:6.
1331:5.
1310:4.
1290:Yes
1258:Yes
1226:Yes
1155:).
371:el.
356:el.
345:IRV
341:el.
58:by
4672::
4653:—
3954:.
3930:}}
3926:{{
3911:.
3805:^
3760:.
3704:.
3597:.
3577:,
3498::
3335::
3286:)
3273::
3170:9
3119::
3066:2
2974:8
2928:)
2915::
2850:2
2580::
2399:)
1905:.
1717:.
1673:.
1584:.
1563:.
1285:2.
1253:1.
1221:3.
1192:%
1148:.
707:NZ
696:UK
272:US
261:UK
244:)
237:US
4067:e
4060:t
4053:v
3970:.
3940:)
3922:.
3897:.
3895:.
3874:.
3872:.
3836:.
3790:.
3715:.
3419:.
1818:)
1812:(
1807:)
1803:(
1793:·
1786:·
1779:·
1772:·
1745:.
1160:m
1142:m
1138:m
1134:m
1130:m
1058:e
1051:t
1044:v
709::
698::
377:)
368:(
362:)
353:(
347:)
338:(
274::
263::
239::
234:(
202:)
198:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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