Multiracial people - Knowledge (XXG)

2268:

lips and nose shape or hair texture, but they are aware only that their ancestors were probably Portuguese, African or Amerindian. Also, a very large number of other Europeans (counted in the millions) contributed to the Brazilian racial make-up, Japanese (the largest Japanese population outside Japan), Italian (the largest Italian population outside Italy), Lebanese (the largest population of Lebanese outside Lebanon), Germans, Poles and Russians. A high percentage of Brazilians is also of Jewish descent, perhaps hundreds of thousands, mostly found in the northeast of the country who cannot be sure of their ancestry as they descend from the so-called "Crypto-Jews" (Jews who practiced Judaism in secret but outwardly pretended to be Catholics), also called Marranos or New Christians, often considered Portuguese. According to some sources, one third of families arrived from Portugal during colonization were of Jewish origin.

938: 1001:. An academic research paper presented in the U.S. (in 2012) by an Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines Amerasian college research study unit suggests that the number could be a lot more, possibly reaching 250,000. This is also partially due to the fact that almost all Amerasians intermarried with other Amerasians and Filipino natives. The newer Amerasians from the United States would add to the already older settlement of peoples from other countries in the Americas that happened when the Philippines was under Spanish rule, as the Philippines once received immigrants from Spanish occupied Panama, Peru, and Mexico. 1402: 1652: 3694: 2124: 1868: 1515: 3706: 1370: 871:, a radical thinker and educator, was of Indian and European background. Prior to colonization, the peoples of India had a long history of trade and other interaction with other peoples. More recently a Eurasian mix developed during the Colonial period, beginning with the French, Dutch, Portuguese and other European traders and merchants, including British. Such interaction continued during the 2061: 47: 758: 2136: 1879: 903:(formerly Burma) was a British colony from 1826 until 1948. Other European nationals were active in the country before the British arrived. Intermarriage and relationships took place among such settlers and merchants with the local Burmese population, and subsequently between British colonists and the Burmese. The local Eurasian population is known as the 842:

Austronesian ancestry, the Malagasy of the west coast and the south of the island have predominantly Bantu ancestry, and Malagasy of the island's east coast are of roughly equal degrees Bantu and Austronesian ancestry. The average Malagasy person's genetic makeup includes a roughly equal blend of Southeast Asian and East African genes.

1284:. The 2001 census showed the population of England to be 1.4% mixed-race, compared with 2.7% in Canada and 1.4% in the U.S. (estimate from 2002), although this U.S. figure did not include mixed-race people who had a parent with African Ancestry. Both the US and UK have fewer people identifying as mixed race, however, than Canada. 891:(2) an Anglo-Indian means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only; 1526:, the 2000 census was the first in the history of the country to offer respondents the option of identifying themselves as belonging to more than one race. This mixed-race option was considered a necessary adaptation to the demographic and cultural changes that the United States has been experiencing. 990:, the U.S. recognized the Republic of the Philippines as an independent nation. Even after 1946, the U.S. maintained a strong military presence in the Philippines, with as many as 21 U.S. military bases and 100,000 U.S. military personnel stationed there as defense in Asia and during the Vietnam War. 1173:

are an ethnic group partially descended from 16th-century Portuguese traders and their enslaved Africans. The Kaffirs spoke a distinctive creole based on Portuguese, the Sri Lanka Kaffir language, which is now extinct. Their cultural heritage includes the dance styles Kaffringna and Manja, as well as

2967:

While miscegenation is by no means considered a neutral word today, very few people know just how laden it is. Today, 'mixed race' seems to have won out in academic writing. Results for 'biracial' and 'multiracial' combined offer up about half that. But the debate continues, inside and outside the

1770:

The Indo-Fijian population is also a hodge-podge of South Asian immigrants (called Girmits in Fiji), who came as indentured labourers beginning in 1879. While a few of these labourers managed to bring wives, many of them either took or were given wives once they arrived in Fiji. The Girmits, who are

1935:

In Latin America, racial mixture was officially acknowledged from colonial times. There was official nomenclature for every conceivable mixture present in the various countries. Initially, this classification was used as a type of caste system, where rights and privileges were accorded depending on

1575:

The stigma of a mixed-race heritage, associated with racial discrimination among numerous racial groups, has decreased significantly in the United States. People of mixed-race heritage can identify themselves now in the U.S. Census by any combination of races, whereas before Americans were required

1165:

are a Eurasian ethnic group. They are descendants through paternal lines of European colonists from the 16th to 20th centuries (mostly Portuguese, Dutch, German and British) and with maternal ancestry among local women. Other European minorities in such admixtures include Swedish, Norwegian, French

841:

Virtually all Malagasy people are of some degree of mixed descent; however, the amount of mixture varies greatly between regions of Madagascar, despite all Malagasy people sharing a common language and similar cultural elements. The Malagasy of the central highlands of Madagascar have predominantly

2267:

Since mixed-race relations in Brazilian society have occurred for many generations, some people find it difficult to trace their own ethnic ancestry. Today a majority of mixed-race Brazilians do not really know their ethnic ancestry. Their unique features make them Brazilian-looking in skin color,

2263:

or White Brazilians have some Amerindian or African ancestry too despite nearly half of the country's population self-labeling as "Caucasian" in the censuses. In Brazil, mixed-race people commonly claim to have no Amerindian ancestry, but studies have found that if a mixed-race Brazilian can trace

1762:

has long been a multi-ethnic country, with a vast majority of people being mixed race even if they do not self-identify in that manner. The indigenous Fijians are of mixed Melanesian and Polynesian ancestry, resulting from years of migration of islanders from various places mixing with each other.

350:

Some percentage of people who look native European will possess genetic markers indicating that a significant majority of their recent ancestors were African. Some percentage of people who look African or native African will possess genetic markers indicating the majority of their recent ancestors

1700:

took place, unevenly at different periods of history, depending on the American region. The "Americanization" of foreign ethnic groups and the inter-racial diversity of millions of Americans has been a fundamental part of its history, especially on frontiers where different groups of people came

3494:

Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Mendizabal, Isabel; Harmant, Christine; De Pablo, Rosario; Ioana, Mihai; Angelicheva, Dora; Kouvatsi, Anastasia; Makukh, Halyna; Netea, Mihai G.; Pamjav, Horolma; Zalán, Andrea; Tournev, Ivailo; Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Kalaydjieva, Luba;

4073:

Silva-Zolezzi, I.; Hidalgo-Miranda, A.; Estrada-Gil, J.; Fernandez-Lopez, J. C.; Uribe-Figueroa, L.; Contreras, A.; Balam-Ortiz, E.; del Bosque-Plata, L.; Velazquez Fernandez, D.; Lara, C.; Goya, R.; Hernandez-Lemus, E.; Davila, C.; Barrientos, E.; March, S.; Jimenez-Sanchez, G. (26 May 2009).

742:. Communities descended from these slaves and local peoples can be found throughout these regions. Barbary pirates were known to attack European and British ships and take Europeans into slavery as well. So many were taken, that the memoirs of survivors are considered a literary genre known as 1787:. It is easy to recognize the Indian mixtures present in Fiji and see obvious traces of Southern and Northern Indians and other groups who have been categorised together. More of this phenomenon would have likely happened if the religious groups represented (primarily Hindu, Muslim and 1538:

about race meant that African Americans, a high proportion of whom have also had European ancestry, were classified as black. Some are now reclaiming additional ancestries. Many Americans today are multi-racial without knowing it. According to the Census Bureau, as of 2002, 75% of all

2259:). All groups are more or less found throughout the whole country. Brazilian mixed-race people with three origins, Amerindian, European and African, make up the majority. It is said today that 89% or more of the "Pardo" population in Brazil has at least one Amerindian ancestor; most 2721:

Not surprisingly, biomedical scientists are divided in their opinions about race. Some characterize it as 'biologically meaningless' or 'not based on scientific evidence', whereas others advocate the use of race in making decisions about medical treatment or the design of research

606:

were used for unions between whites, blacks, and other ethnic groups. The term 'miscegenation' initially replaced 'amalgamation' due to the latter's association with slavery in the 1800s, while 'miscegenation' is today often considered offensive and controversial. The terms

2271:

There is a high level of integration between all groups but also a great social and economic difference between European descendants (more common in upper and middle classes) and African, Amerindian and mixed-race descendants (more common in lower classes), which is called

359:

Many state and local agencies comply with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1997 revised standards for the collection, tabulation, and presentation of federal data on race and ethnicity. The revised OMB standards identify a minimum of five racial categories:

787:

of 1949 prohibited marriage between Native Europeans (people of European descent) and non-Whites (being classified as African, Asian and Coloured). But this followed centuries of interaction and unions resulting in mixed-race children. This law was repealed in 1985.

1125:

in Sarawak. A mixture of cultures has resulted in both states. The offspring of these marriages are called "Sino-(name of tribe)", e.g. Sino-Dusun. Normally, children are strongly affected by the father's ethnicity and culture, being raised in his culture. These

1158:, who trace their ancestry to Arab traders who settled on the island and intermarried with local women. Today, the Sri Lankan Moors live primarily in urban communities. They preserve Arab-Islamic cultural heritage while adopting many Southern Asian customs. 1810:

or Rotuman ancestry and European/Fijian ancestry (often called "part Fijians"). The latter are often descendants of shipwrecked sailors and settlers who came during the colonial period. Migration from a dozen or more different Pacific countries

4080: 1533:

officially numbered 6.1 million in 2006, or 2.0% of the population. There is considerable evidence that an accurate number would be much higher. Prior to the mid-20th century, many people hid their mixed-race heritage. The development of

1047:". The Malaysian government classifies them only by their father's ethnicity. As the majority of these intermarriages usually involve an Indian groom and Chinese bride, the majority of Chindians in Malaysia are usually classified as " 1546:

In 2010, the number of Americans who checked both "black" and "white" on their census forms was 134 percent higher than it had been a decade earlier. In 2012, those choosing 'Two or more races' on the census was 2.4% of the total.

1677:

had similar laws to prohibit European-Asian marriages, which was associated with discrimination against Chinese and Japanese on the West Coast. Many states eventually repealed such laws and a 1967 decision by the US Supreme Court

338:

remains a commonly used term for classification, often related to visible physical characteristics or known community. Insofar as race is defined differently in different cultures, perceptions of mixed race are subjective.

590:

whose European or Native American ancestors are not visible in their appearance. According to genetic research, most Brazilians of all racial groups (except Asian-Brazilians and natives) are, to some extent, mixed-race.

1669:, most notably between whites and blacks, was historically deemed immoral and illegal in most states in the 18th, 19th and first half of the 20th century because of its long association of blacks with the slave caste. 875:

in India, although it lessened as British families settled in the country. The estimated population of Anglo-Indians, the term for these Eurasians, is 600,000 worldwide, with the majority living in India and the UK.

527:

was used to describe both mixed-race persons of African and European descent, and those Asians not of African descent. While the term is socially accepted, it is becoming outdated because of its association with the

1409:

Mixed-race Canadians in 2006 officially totaled 1.5% of the population, up from 1.2% in 2001. The official mixed-race population grew by 25% since the previous census. Of these, the most frequent combinations were

1691:

The United States is one of the most racially diverse countries in the world. Americans are mostly mixed ethnic descendants of various immigrant nationalities culturally distinct in their former countries.

694:

North Africa has numerous mixed-race communities, reflecting a history of both extensive Mediterranean trade around the region and later colonization and migration by African groups. Among these are the

3602: 2453:

Ualiyeva, Saule K., and Adrienne L. Edgar, 'In the Laboratory of Peoples’ Friendship: Mixed People in Kazakhstan from the Soviet Era to the Present', in Rebecca C. King-O'Riain, and others (eds),

535:

In Latin America, populations became triracial after the introduction of African slavery. A panoply of terms developed during the Spanish and Portuguese colonial periods, including terms such as

943: 1767:

and other Polynesians over the years. The overwhelming majority of the rest of the indigenous Fijians, though, can be genetically traced to having mixed Polynesian/Melanesian ancestry.

380:. Perhaps the most significant change for Census 2000 was that respondents were given the option to mark one or more races on the questionnaire to indicate their racial identity. 2226:. Those terms are not considered offensive and focus more on skin color than on ethnicity (it is considered more like other human characteristics such as being short or tall). 4167: 2733: 937: 3695:"Population Groups (28) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data" 3279:

Stephanie Mawson, 'Between Loyalty and Disobedience: The Limits of Spanish Domination in the Seventeenth Century Pacific' (Univ. of Sydney M.Phil. thesis, 2014), appendix 3.

1445:. Many of these people married in with European Canadian and Native Canadian populations, although their precise numbers and the numbers of their descendants are not known. 490:

for people of partially Native American descent are still used by English-speaking people of the Western Hemisphere but mostly to refer to the past or to the demography of

2980:

Ualiyeva, Saule K.; Edgar, Adrienne L. (31 December 2020). "4. In the Laboratory of Peoples' Friendship: Mixed People in Kazakhstan from the Soviet Era to the Present".

3298:

He (Governor Don Sebastían Hurtado de Corcuera) brought a great reënforcements of soldiers, many of them from Perú, as he made his voyage to Acapulco from that kingdom.

1154:

has been a confluence for settlers from various parts of the world. There are several mixed-race ethnicities in the island. The most notable mixed-race group is the

1040: 838:

from mainland Africa. These two groups intermixed, forming the modern Malagasy people; later migrants from Arabia, Somalia, and India added to the genetic mixture.

2661: 2321: 381: 4849: 3961: 2945: 856: 967:, one-third of Luzon which holds half the Philippine population, has Spanish or Latin-American admxiture. And it also has Philippine-American descent. 2789: 3311: 1324: 1262: 959:

for almost four centuries, or 333 years. The United States took it over after the Spanish-American War, ruling for 46 years. Many Filipinos are mixed

312:. In the Caribbean, mixed-race people officially make up the majority of the population in the Dominican Republic (73%), Aruba (68%), and Cuba (51%). 3668: 4477: 784: 3422: 1267:

In 1991 an analysis of the census showed that 50% of Mixed Caribbean men born in the UK have native British partners, and the 2011 BBC documentary

541:

for persons of Native American and native African descent. Charts and diagrams intended to explain the classifications were common. The well-known

3906: 2264:

their ancestry back to nearly eight to nine generations, they will have at least one Amerindian ancestor from their maternal side of the family.

4365:, an online activist publication registered with the Library of Congress, focused on multiracial individuals and interracial families since 1997 3239: 3190: 2208:

is formally used in the official census but is not used by the population. In Brazilian society, most people who are mixed race call themselves

997:

children. The Pearl S. Buck International foundation estimates there are 52,000 Amerasians in the Philippines, with 5,000 in the Clark area of

4024: 3935: 1990:, of Spanish, indigenous and African ancestry, made positive references to the mixed-race ancestry of most Latin Americans from time to time. 4289: 3990: 3470: 3406: 3333: 2925: 2898: 2867: 369: 1791:) had not resisted to some degree marriage between religious groups, which tended to be from more similar parts of the Indian subcontinent. 1576:

to select from only one category. For example, in 2010, they were offered choices of one or more racial categories from the following list:

4917: 4135: 4171: 2818: 2356: 2536: 3054: 2078: 1947:

Race and racial mixture have played a significant role in the politics of many Latin American countries. In most countries, for example

1836: 1280:

reported that "Britain has the highest rate of interracial relationships in the world" and certainly the UK has the highest rate in the

64: 3290:"Second Book of the Second Part of the Conquests of the Filipinas Islands, and Chronicle of the Religious of Our Father, St. Augustine" 4865: 4345: 4234: 3832: 3740: 1925: 1497: 2100: 472: 130: 1094:

with considerable Malay ancestry. The early Tamil settlers took local wives, as they had not brought their own women at that time.

907:. This group dominated colonial society and through the early years of independence. After Burma gained independence in 1948, many 1288: 746:. When English and other European colonists were taken captive by Native Americans, they had models for recounting their trials. 111: 4193: 2306: 1308: 1292: 83: 1401: 1334:

included a section entitled 'Mixed', to which 1.4% (1.6% by 2005 estimates) of people responded, which was split further into

861:

The people of South Asia have a diverse genetic pool, being composed of South Asian hunter-gatherers, Neolithic Iranians, and

169:. A variety of terms have been used both historically and presently for mixed-race people in a variety of contexts, including 4834: 3208: 2082: 1659: 500:

is a historic term for people of partial Native American ancestry; it is now considered pejorative and discouraged from use.

68: 4792: 2028: 1932:

or other European ancestry. Mestizos make up a large portion of Latin Americans, comprising a majority in many countries.

1505: 1223: 798: 562:(or any other to the extent it is not clearly perceptible) and vice versa, tend to be thrown into the single category of " 90: 4912: 4470: 3092:"On the Origins and Admixture of Malagasy: New Evidence from High-Resolution Analyses of Paternal and Maternal Lineages" 2151: 1554:

and Eugene Turner, by some calculations in the 2000 Census, the mixed-race population that is part white is as follows:

1453: 1434: 1059:, legal restrictions in Malaysia make it uncommon for them to intermarry with either the Indians, who are predominantly 2665: 1004:

In the United States, intermarriage between Filipinos and other ethnicities is common. They have the highest number of

619:

are becoming generally accepted. In other languages, terms for miscegenation are not necessarily considered offensive.

4643: 3796: 3767: 1997:

has created diverse populations on many islands, including people of mixed race identities. Of note is the mixture of

326: 285: 152: 1008:

among Asian immigrant groups, as documented in California. Some 21.8% of Philippine-Americans are of mixed ancestry.

749:

Cape Verde, in west Africa, has one of the most mixed-race populations (around 75% of the population) on the planet.

296:

Individuals of mixed-race backgrounds make up a significant portion of the population in many parts of the world. In

4264: 1665:

The US has a growing mixed-race identity movement, reflective of a desire by people to claim their full identities.

97: 4875: 3317: 3137: 2399:"How have researchers studied multiracial populations: A content and methodological review of 20 years of research" 2273: 1509: 868: 2071: 1651: 57: 4839: 4431: 3762: 2311: 504:, once widely used, is now used mostly for members of historically mixed-race groups, such as Louisiana Creoles, 377: 2202:), on 27 June, is official event in States of Amazonas, Roraima e Paraíba and a holiday in two cities. The term 971: 4922: 4716: 1183: 384:

race data are shown for people who reported a race either alone or in combination with one or more other races.

79: 4387: 1253:

are of mixed South Asian, Middle Eastern and European ancestry. They settled in Europe hundreds of years ago.

550:

At one time, Latin American census categories have used such classifications. In Brazilian censuses since the

4408: 3090:

Tofanelli, S.; Bertoncini, S.; Castri, L.; Luiselli, D.; Calafell, F.; Donati, G.; Paoli, G. (17 June 2009).

3003: 4463: 3732: 3191:"Women and children, militarism, and human rights: International Women's Working Conference – Off Our Backs" 2368: 1685: 1457: 1170: 987: 802: 476: 1771:

classified as simply "Indians" to this day, came from many parts of the Indian subcontinent of present-day

3881: 3672: 1964: 1936:

one's official racial classification. Official caste distinctions were abolished in many countries of the

979: 862: 661: 602: 579: 394: 4421: 1963:, a majority of the population can be described as biracial or mixed race (depending on the country). In 4589: 3549: 3428: 2955: 2793: 1998: 1901: 1693: 1674: 1491: 1276: 1052: 1025: 880: 3910: 3756: 4445: 4399: 4381: 3646: 2890:

In the Shadow of the Black Beast: African American Masculinity in the Harlem and Southern Renaissances

1199: 797:. According to the 2016 South African Census, they are the second-largest ethnic group (8.8%), behind 627:

The terms "multi-ethnic people" or "ethnically mixed people" refer to people who are of more than one

4812: 4807: 4569: 4307:

Joyner, Kara; Kao, Grace (August 2005). "Interracial Relationships and the Transition to Adulthood".

4089: 3824: 3194: 2742: 2286: 2118: 2023:. In addition to such mixtures, many inhabitants of the West Indies can also have any combination of 1666: 1442: 1390: 1005: 823: 743: 4076:"Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico" 578:

in this case, despite not being mixed race. A European-looking person, even with one or more native

547:

paintings in Mexico and, to some extent, Peru, were illustrations of the different classifications.

4672: 4574: 4561: 4028: 3939: 2372: 2296: 2006: 1975: 1806:, Indo-Fijians and Indigenous Fijians have mixed. Others have Chinese/Fijian ancestry, Indo-Fijian/ 1187: 956: 884: 712: 509: 3480: 4891: 4324: 3860: 3575: 3444: 2336: 1956: 1717: 1709: 1697: 1680: 835: 559: 290: 31: 4145: 2826: 1979: 1449: 1414:(for example, people of mixed black and South Asian heritage form the majority, specifically in 1364: 300:, studies have found that the mixed-race population is continuing to grow. In many countries of 104: 3249: 4870: 4594: 4341: 4295: 4285: 4230: 4117: 4051: 3986: 3828: 3736: 3702: 3526: 3402: 3329: 3289: 3119: 3111: 2921: 2894: 2863: 2770: 2712: 2436: 2418: 2143: 1897: 1867: 1824: 1737: 1729: 1514: 1438: 1394: 1378: 1186:, departing French troops took thousands of Vietnamese wives and children with them after the 440: 397:, many terms for mixed-race people exist, some of which are pejorative or are no longer used. 331: 3065: 2915: 2888: 4316: 4107: 4097: 4010: 3516: 3508: 3321: 3103: 2985: 2859: 2760: 2750: 2702: 2426: 2410: 2326: 2167: 2128: 2123: 2114: 1937: 1540: 1382: 1155: 1139: 1135: 1106: 1072: 1048: 1036: 975: 960: 932: 814: 723: 673: 551: 416: 365: 3907:"Bridging 1990 and 2000 census race data: Fractional assignment of multiracial populations" 4623: 4606: 4449: 4425: 4412: 3588: 3475: 3456: 3244: 2989: 2855: 2693: 2163: 2147: 2002: 1816: 1535: 1465: 1386: 1226:

slave traders sold slaves in cumulatively large numbers over the centuries throughout the

1122: 993:

After the bases closed in 1992, American troops left, often abandoning partners and their

827: 583: 555: 460: 3623: 468: 4428:, UK-based nonprofit organization representing the interests of the mixed-race community 4390:, US-based nonprofit organization representing the interests of the mixed-race community 4093: 3313:

Forced Migration in the Spanish Pacific World: From Mexico to the Philippines, 1765–1811

2746: 1369: 4579: 4523: 4506: 4402:, a study of half-Japanese people, London-, Munich-, Tokyo-based nonprofit organisation 4112: 4075: 3521: 3496: 3176: 2800: 2727:

Barbujani, Guido; Magagni, Arianna; Minch, Eric; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca (April 1997).

2431: 2398: 2193: 2036: 1987: 1893: 1713: 1559: 1551: 1461: 1331: 1320: 1300: 1281: 1162: 1131: 719:

ancestry. They constitute a socially and ethnically distinct group within the Maghreb.

587: 571: 567: 373: 361: 35: 2497:"Turkish Roma from Bulgaria and their Migration to Poland by ERSTE Foundation - Issuu" 2458: 1437:, a very large but unknown number of African American slaves escaped to Canada, where 4906: 4829: 4824: 4547: 4538: 4533: 4328: 3789: 2765: 2728: 2496: 2301: 1921: 1905: 1862: 1523: 1473: 1296: 1250: 1214: 908: 904: 831: 801:, or Native African Bantu peoples, who constitute (80.8%) of the current population. 716: 596: 491: 301: 297: 205: 3569:

quoting Professor Richard Berthoud of the Institute for Social and Economic Research

1827:

being the most prevalent) have added to the various ethnicities and intermarriages.

865:. This makes up the genome of modern-day Indians and varies from caste and region. 4797: 4656: 4247: 3996: 3982: 3845: 2873: 2331: 2155: 2139: 1705: 1655: 1469: 1374: 1242:

and communities descended from these slaves can be found throughout these regions.

1235: 1227: 1127: 1110: 998: 780: 766: 735: 727: 513: 3216: 1944:

as they became independent of Spain. Several terms have remained in common usage.

463:. These terms are also in certain contexts used in the English-speaking world. In 4224: 3976: 3818: 3270:

Mixed Marriage...Interreligious, Interracial, Interethnic By Dr. Robert H. Schram

2849: 726:

sold sub-Saharan Africans as slaves in cumulatively large numbers throughout the

4819: 4729: 4664: 4618: 4612: 4584: 4501: 4282:

The Masters and the Slaves: A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization

4140: 3371: 3349: 2851:

Power!: Black Workers, Their Unions and the Struggle for Freedom in South Africa

2561: 2291: 2159: 2060: 2005:

settlers, most of whom came as indentured labor after the abolition of slavery.

1994: 1952: 1725: 1316: 1118: 983: 964: 952: 916: 872: 645: 343: 46: 4320: 4081:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2636: 2586: 2457:(New York, NY, 2014; online edn, NYU Press Scholarship Online, 24 March 2016), 4844: 4683: 2510: 2316: 2175: 2024: 1871: 1803: 1795: 1780: 1749: 1670: 1501: 1239: 1218: 1142:, especially those who have received education in vernacular Chinese schools. 819: 757: 739: 708: 665: 570:

are related less to ancestry than to phenotype. A westernized Amerindian with

496: 445: 217: 211: 3325: 3115: 2422: 4677: 4649: 4555: 4518: 4168:"No auge do sucesso, top Adriana Lima completa 30 anos | MODASPOT News" 4102: 3398: 3209:"Many needy Amerasian children are legacies of U.S. presence in Philippines" 3107: 2611: 2135: 1983: 1929: 1889: 1885: 1874:

whose mother is of African descent and whose father is of European ancestry

1799: 1708:

was sworn in as America's first mixed-race president, as he is the son of a

1530: 1304: 1210: 1151: 1021: 1017: 994: 912: 774: 689: 628: 529: 505: 235: 199: 166: 17: 4775: 4299: 4121: 3530: 3123: 2755: 2716: 2440: 1878: 4338:

The Rebirth of Hope: My Journey from Vietnam War Child to American Citizen

4200:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística 3512: 2774: 2397:

Charmaraman, Linda; Woo, Meghan; Quach, Ashley; Erkut, Sumru (July 2014).

986:

until 1946, though occupied by Japan during World War II. In 1946, in the

229: 4764: 4756: 4724: 4628: 2014: 1941: 1909: 1776: 1271:

noted that 1 in 10 British children are growing up in mixed households.

1231: 1190:. Some Eurasians stayed in Vietnam, after independence from French rule. 1064: 1044: 1032: 793: 762: 731: 657: 582:

or Indigenous ancestors, is not classified as "pardo" but as "branco", a

455: 273: 241: 189: 183: 3091: 1482:, "to mix", the Métis people are a distinct ethnic group within Canada. 1350:. In the 2011 census, 2.2% chose 'Mixed' for the question on ethnicity. 4802: 4769: 4749: 4734: 4702: 4696: 4688: 4600: 4528: 4371:, an organization leading the movement for a multiracial classification 2255: 2237: 2231: 2085: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1968: 1917: 1882: 1858: 1846: 1820: 1784: 1732:. In Hawai'i, the U.S. state in which he was born, he would be called " 1415: 1102: 1087: 900: 704: 700: 696: 523:

In South Africa and much of English-speaking southern Africa, the term

427: 411: 309: 305: 267: 223: 3155: 293:, in addition to those that were initially coined for pejorative use. 4455: 3978:

Obama and the Biracial Factor: The Battle for a New American Majority

2414: 2183: 2019: 2010: 1960: 1948: 1812: 1091: 1083: 1068: 1056: 649: 517: 464: 421: 399: 3729:

The New Race Question: How The Census Counts Multiracial Individuals

2471: 2229:

The most common mixed-race groups are between European and African (

1476:

ethnic groups). Although the term "Métis" stems from the Latin verb

1020:

as of September 2007 was 4.68 million. Mixed-race people, including

822:

was settled between the first and ninth centuries AD by two groups:

4415:, an organization advocating for mixed-heritage people and families 4267:. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. October 1999 2707: 2688: 2662:"U.S. Department of State People Profiles Latin American Countries" 1075:

and Malaysia often take local Malay wives, because of their common

4742: 4709: 4511: 3962:"Multiracial Dimensions in the United States and Around the World" 2179: 2134: 2122: 2040: 2032: 1877: 1866: 1854: 1850: 1840: 1807: 1772: 1764: 1721: 1650: 1513: 1400: 1368: 1114: 1098: 1076: 1060: 936: 756: 653: 563: 543: 537: 405: 279: 251: 4405: 2017:

claim the highest populations of such mixtures, known locally as

1150:

Due to its strategic location in the Indian Ocean, the island of

4636: 2044: 1788: 1759: 1733: 1312: 261: 4459: 2946:"All Mixed Up: What Do We Call People Of Multiple Backgrounds?" 308:

make up the majority of the population and in some others also

4393: 4362: 2950: 2054: 40: 4418: 4368: 3936:"The 2010 Census Questionnaire: Seven Questions for Everyone" 289:. A number of these once-acceptable terms are now considered 1579: 1543:

had mixed ancestries, usually European and Native American.

1174:

the Portuguese Sinhalese, Creole, Afro-Sinhalese varieties.

4025:"The Hapa Project: How multiracial identity crosses oceans" 3790:"The Two or More Races Population: 2000. Census 2000 Brief" 1452:(descendants of a historical population who were partially 1043:. The offspring of such marriages are informally known as " 920: 4442: 3497:"Origins, admixture and founder lineages in European Roma" 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2187: 1571:

White/Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander: 125,628.

1138:. A smaller number are able to speak Chinese dialects and 944:

Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas

30:"Mixed race" redirects here. For the album by Tricky, see 1763:

Fiji Islanders from the Lau group have intermarried with

4437: 3138:"Treaty Bodies Database – Document – State Party Report" 3038:

The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia

2249:) and East Asian (mostly Japanese) and European/other ( 475:

descent, who have status in the law similar to that of

1016:

According to government statistics, the population of

791:

Mixed-race South Africans are commonly referred to as

554:, for example, most persons of mixed heritage, except 3032: 3030: 1518:

US Census reporting of Two or Mixed Races 2010 – 2019

1035:, the majority of inter-ethnic marriages are between 3024:(Minority Rights Group International: 1997), p. 435. 2848:

MacShane, Denis; Plaut, Martin; Ward, David (1984).

2537:"Please Do Not Call Me A 'Mutt' (Not Even You, Mom)" 911:

left the country; the diaspora resides primarily in

471:

are a recognized ethnic group of mixed European and

4884: 4858: 4785: 4494: 2734:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA

2459:

https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814770733.003.0004

2403:

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

1405:

Canada Census Multiple Visible Minority 1996 – 2016

1287:In the United Kingdom, many mixed-race people have 923:. An estimated 52,000 Anglo-Burmese live in Burma. 711:. They are believed to be an ethnicity composed of 71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3820:Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child 3817:Quintana, Stephen M.; McKown, Clark, eds. (2008). 3424:Arab and native intermarriage in Austronesian Asia 3156:"Article 366(2) in The Constitution of India 1949" 4434:, a UK-based organisation for mixed-race families 2174:According to the 2010 official census, 43.13% of 4315:(4). American Sociological Association: 563–81. 635:Regions with significant mixed-race populations 357: 348: 3048: 3046: 2689:"Genetic variation, classification and 'race'" 2322:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact hypotheses 2245:). But there are also African and Amerindian ( 2182:skin color. That option is normally marked by 1920:" is the common word for mixed-race people in 4471: 3938:. Population Reference Bureau. Archived from 2790:"Molecular Eyewitness: DNA Gets a Human Face" 1724:. He acknowledges both parents. His official 1323:, are referred to or describe themselves as ' 974:in 1898, the Philippines and other remaining 8: 3495:Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Comas, David (2016). 2687:Jorde, Lynn B.; Wooding, Stephen P. (2004). 574:skin may also be classified as a "pardo", a 486:for people of partially African descent and 4850:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories 4340:. Texas: Texas Christian University Press. 3757:"B02001. Race – Universe: total Population" 2472:"| Search Online Etymology Dictionary" 2001:, most brought to the region as slaves and 1477: 4478: 4464: 4456: 4382:Association of MultiEthnic Americans, Inc. 2184:people that consider themselves mixed race 857:Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia 378:Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 151:refer to people who are of more than one 4280:Freyre, Gilberto; Putnam, Samuel (1946). 4170:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from 4111: 4101: 3671:. Newenglandancestors.org. Archived from 3520: 3395:Building Cultural Nationalism in Malaysia 2764: 2754: 2729:"An apportionment of human DNA diversity" 2706: 2430: 2101:Learn how and when to remove this message 1448:Another 1.2% of Canadians officially are 1263:Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category) 165:refer to people who are of more than one 131:Learn how and when to remove this message 4050:Westbrook, Caroline (13 February 2004). 3178:The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes 1105:, intermarriage has been common between 1063:, or the Chinese, who are predominantly 4027:. UH Today. Spring 2007. Archived from 3788:Jones, Nicholas A.; Smith, Amy Symens. 3624:"Keanu Reeves Film Reference biography" 3471:"South Viet Nam: The Girls Left Behind" 2939: 2937: 2348: 978:were ceded to the United States in the 3584: 3573: 3452: 3442: 1900:descent; his paternal grandmother was 1456:—also called "Indian" or "Native"—and 4226:Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan 2823:2000 Census of Population and Housing 1974:The Mexican philosopher and educator 1109:and native tribespeople, such as the 970:After the defeat of Spain during the 699:, oasis-dwellers of Saharan southern 7: 3372:"Multiracial / Hapa Asian Americans" 3040:, 1 edition, (Routledge: 2003), p.ix 2825:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 2392: 2390: 2166:ancestry, which classifies her as a 2083:adding citations to reliable sources 1794:Over the years, particularly in the 332:While defining race is controversial 69:adding citations to reliable sources 4396:, Brazilian mixed-race organization 4229:(illustrated ed.). Macmillan. 3975:Jolivétte, Andrew (February 2012). 3479:. 10 September 1956. Archived from 3350:"Interracial Dating & Marriage" 3142:United Nations Human Rights Website 2990:10.18574/nyu/9780814770733.003.0004 2535:Rodriguez, Zoe (18 December 2020). 1978:authored an essay on the subject, " 1904:and his paternal grandfather was a 1837:Race and ethnicity in Latin America 664:), people of mixed race are called 594:In the English language, the terms 4196:[Demographic Census 2000] 4144:. 24 November 2015. Archived from 3501:European Journal of Human Genetics 2914:Striner, Richard (11 April 2012). 1498:Black Indians in the United States 1441:was made illegal in 1834, via the 1299:heritage. For example, supermodel 830:from across the Indian Ocean, and 785:Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 25: 3905:Allen, James P.; Turner, Eugene. 3053:Lehohla, P. J. (25 August 2016). 2944:Donnella, Leah (25 August 2016). 2819:"Modified Race Data Summary File" 982:. The Philippines was under U.S. 370:Native American and Alaska Native 3861:"Multi-Race and the 2010 Census" 3544:Twine, France Winddance (2010). 2887:Leiter, Andrew B. (1 May 2010). 2059: 1967:, over 80% of the population is 1591:American Indian or Alaska Native 1097:In the East Malaysian states of 1051:" by the government. As for the 586:. The same applies to "negros", 45: 3645:Hoover, Will (18 August 2002). 3238:Beech, Hannah (16 April 2001). 3096:Molecular Biology and Evolution 2307:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa 2235:) and Amerindian and European ( 2070:needs additional citations for 1982:", celebrating racial mixture. 1831:Latin America and the Caribbean 1565:White/African American: 737,492 941:Mestizos as illustrated in the 56:needs additional citations for 4835:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa 4394:Brazilian Multiracial Movement 3882:"US Census, Race and Ethnicty" 3705:. 12 June 2008. Archived from 3215:. 19 June 2001. Archived from 1684:) overturned all remaining US 1660:President of the United States 1430:and many other smaller mixes. 1130:usually become fluent in both 494:and its diasporic population. 342:According to U.S. sociologist 1: 4793:Cherokee freedmen controversy 4284:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 3859:Cohn, D'Vera (6 April 2011). 3647:"Rooted in Kuli'ou'ou Valley" 3563:Harlow, John (9 April 2000). 3546:A White Side of Black Britain 3022:World Directory of Minorities 1086:people, in Singapore and the 4309:American Sociological Review 4223:Manthorpe, Jonathan (2008). 3393:Daniels, Timothy P. (2005). 3008:Swahili - English dictionary 3004:"Swahili-English Dictionary" 2461:, accessed 7 September 2023. 1798:-growing regions of Western 1435:slavery in the United States 1373:Canadian actor and musician 346:and ethicist Pilar Ossorio: 34:. For more information, see 27:People of more than one race 4918:Race (human categorization) 3797:United States Census Bureau 3768:United States Census Bureau 3603:"UK Census 2011, Ethnicity" 3175:Fëdor Jagor et al. (1870). 2131:in each department in 2022. 1993:Colonialism throughout the 1971:in some degree or another. 1728:biography describes him as 1588:Black, African Am. or Negro 1412:multiple visible minorities 660:(including portions of the 568:racial boundaries in Brazil 327:Race (human categorization) 4939: 4866:Contemporary ethnic groups 4452:, US-based mixed community 4321:10.1177/000312240507000402 3699:2006 Census: Data Products 3318:Cambridge University Press 3248:. Time Inc. Archived from 2112: 1844: 1834: 1747: 1558:White/Native American and 1510:Children of the Plantation 1506:Métis in the United States 1495: 1489: 1362: 1260: 1208: 1197: 930: 869:Henry Louis Vivian Derozio 854: 812: 772: 687: 324: 29: 4388:Blended People of America 3763:American Community Survey 2920:. SIU Press. p. 54. 2893:. LSU Press. p. 70. 2312:Passing (racial identity) 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2188: 2178:identified themselves as 1924:, especially people with 1336:White and Black Caribbean 1071:. But Indian Muslims and 834:migrants who crossed the 4363:The Multiracial Activist 4336:Hudecek, Sau Le (2017). 4194:"Censo Demográfico 2000" 4011:"President Barack Obama" 3964:. diversityspectrum.com. 3326:10.1017/CBO9781316480120 3310:Mehl, Eva Maria (2016). 1999:West African communities 1568:White/Asian: 727,197 and 1344:White and Native African 1055:, who are predominantly 4103:10.1073/pnas.0903045106 3733:Russell Sage Foundation 3062:Statistics South Africa 2369:Oxford University Press 1779:and to a lesser degree 1740:word for "mixed race". 1686:anti-miscegenation laws 1658:, the first mixed-race 1636:Other Pacific Islander 1418:), followed closely by 1315:roots. Some, like 2008 1090:state of Malaysia, are 826:peoples who arrived on 803:European South Africans 163:ethnically mixed people 4448:11 August 2015 at the 4265:"Multiracial Children" 3316:. Cambridge, England: 3294:Zamboanga City History 3240:"The Forgotten Angels" 3055:"South African Census" 2756:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4516 2371:. 2013. Archived from 2171: 2132: 1913: 1875: 1662: 1519: 1478: 1406: 1398: 1184:Geneva Accords of 1954 1012:Singapore and Malaysia 948: 893: 879:Article 366(2) of the 863:Western Steppe Herders 770: 662:East African Community 395:English-speaking world 386: 355:In the United States: 353: 3825:John Wiley & Sons 3649:. Honolulu Advertiser 3550:Duke University Press 3513:10.1038/ejhg.2015.201 3108:10.1093/molbev/msp120 2956:National Public Radio 2701:(11 Suppl): S28–S33. 2138: 2126: 1881: 1870: 1704:On January 20, 2009, 1675:Western United States 1654: 1623:Guamanian or Chamorro 1517: 1496:Further information: 1492:Multiracial Americans 1404: 1372: 1209:Further information: 1006:interracial marriages 940: 889: 760: 688:Further information: 680:(plural in Swahili). 623:In terms of ethnicity 4813:Interracial marriage 4808:Interethnic marriage 4590:Eurasian Singaporean 4438:People in Harmony UK 4424:17 June 2020 at the 4411:9 March 2012 at the 3483:on 14 December 2008. 3071:on 20 September 2018 2829:on 18 September 2004 2287:Hyphenated ethnicity 2119:Mixed-race Brazilian 2079:improve this article 1667:Interracial marriage 1443:Underground Railroad 972:Spanish–American War 744:captivity narratives 80:"Multiracial people" 65:improve this article 4913:Multiracial affairs 4094:2009PNAS..106.8611S 4031:on 13 November 2014 3197:on 3 February 2009. 2747:1997PNAS...94.4516B 2365:Oxford Dictionaries 2297:Multiethnic society 2274:Brazilian apartheid 2007:Trinidad and Tobago 1433:During the time of 1188:First Indochina War 1182:Under terms of the 963:, and according to 881:Indian Constitution 713:Sub-Saharan African 473:Indigenous American 449:in Portuguese, and 159:multi-ethnic people 4892:Race of the future 4876:luk khrueng people 4148:on 9 December 2017 4054:. Something Jewish 3709:on 4 February 2009 3669:"NEHGS – Articles" 3431:on 1 February 2009 3374:. asian-nation.org 3352:. asian-nation.org 3252:on 23 January 2007 3020:Bridget Anderson, 2788:Abraham, Carolyn. 2499:. 3 November 2014. 2337:William Loren Katz 2253:or more recently, 2172: 2133: 1957:Dominican Republic 1914: 1876: 1681:Loving v. Virginia 1663: 1520: 1407: 1399: 1117:in Sabah, and the 1073:Arabs in Singapore 949: 836:Mozambique Channel 771: 724:Arab slave traders 145:multiracial people 32:Mixed Race (album) 4900: 4899: 4291:978-0-520-05665-7 4013:. whitehouse.gov. 3992:978-1-4473-0100-4 3916:on 2 October 2008 3703:Statistics Canada 3583:Missing or empty 3408:978-0-415-94971-2 3335:978-1-316-48012-0 2982:Global Mixed Race 2927:978-0-8093-3078-2 2900:978-0-8071-4635-4 2869:978-0-89608-244-1 2804:, 25 June 2005), 2455:Global Mixed Race 2111: 2110: 2103: 1825:Wallis and Futuna 1712:mother of mostly 1710:European American 1648: 1647: 1541:African Americans 1171:Sri Lanka Kaffirs 1031:In Singapore and 362:European American 149:mixed-race people 141: 140: 133: 115: 16:(Redirected from 4930: 4595:Filipino Mestizo 4480: 4473: 4466: 4457: 4406:MAVIN Foundation 4400:The Hafu Project 4351: 4332: 4303: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4199: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4115: 4105: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3915: 3909:. Archived from 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3886: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3794: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3675:on 21 April 2010 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3626:. Film Reference 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3586: 3581: 3579: 3571: 3565:The Sunday Times 3560: 3554: 3553: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3524: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3448: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3427:. Archived from 3419: 3413: 3412: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3286: 3280: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3219:on 24 March 2009 3205: 3199: 3198: 3193:. Archived from 3187: 3181: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3144:. 29 April 1996. 3134: 3128: 3127: 3102:(9): 2109–2124. 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3070: 3064:. Archived from 3059: 3050: 3041: 3034: 3025: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2964: 2962: 2941: 2932: 2931: 2917:Lincoln and Race 2911: 2905: 2904: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2815: 2809: 2797: 2792:. Archived from 2785: 2779: 2778: 2768: 2758: 2741:(9): 4516–4519. 2724: 2710: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2664:. Archived from 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2468: 2462: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2434: 2415:10.1037/a0035437 2394: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2375:on 3 August 2012 2353: 2327:Race and society 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2196:or Mestizo Day ( 2191: 2152:Native Brazilian 2129:Mixed Brazilians 2115:Pardo Brazilians 2106: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2086: 2063: 2055: 1976:José Vasconcelos 1898:Chinese Jamaican 1892:'s mother is of 1736:", which is the 1730:African American 1639:Some Other Race 1580: 1481: 1277:The Sunday Times 1156:Sri Lankan Moors 988:Treaty of Manila 976:Spanish colonies 961:Spanish Filipino 933:Filipino mestizo 828:outrigger canoes 815:Malagasy peoples 668:(in English) or 560:European descent 556:Asian Brazilians 366:African American 321:In terms of race 157:, and the terms 136: 129: 125: 122: 116: 114: 73: 49: 41: 21: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4923:Person of color 4903: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4880: 4854: 4781: 4490: 4484: 4450:Wayback Machine 4426:Wayback Machine 4413:Wayback Machine 4376:Advocacy groups 4359: 4354: 4348: 4335: 4306: 4292: 4279: 4270: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4174:on 28 July 2014 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4032: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3993: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3942:on 23 July 2015 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3827:. p. 211. 3816: 3815: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3582: 3572: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3451: 3441: 3434: 3432: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3401:. p. 189. 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3255: 3253: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3057: 3052: 3051: 3044: 3036:Gwyn Campbell, 3035: 3028: 3019: 3015: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2901: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2870: 2856:South End Press 2847: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2796:on 5 June 2008. 2787: 2786: 2782: 2726: 2694:Nature Genetics 2686: 2685: 2681: 2671: 2669: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2517: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2452: 2448: 2396: 2395: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2357:"Definition of 2355: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2282: 2168:Pardo Brazilian 2121: 2113:Main articles: 2107: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2076: 2064: 2053: 1980:La Raza Cósmica 1926:Native American 1865: 1843: 1835:Main articles: 1833: 1817:Solomon Islands 1757: 1752: 1746: 1649: 1620:Native Hawaiian 1536:binary thinking 1512: 1494: 1488: 1460:, particularly 1383:Native Hawaiian 1367: 1365:Métis in Canada 1361: 1356: 1340:White and Asian 1319:World Champion 1269:Mixed Britannia 1265: 1259: 1248: 1221: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1180: 1148: 1028:, formed 2.4%. 1014: 980:Treaty of Paris 935: 929: 898: 896:Myanmar (Burma) 859: 853: 848: 817: 811: 799:Native Africans 777: 755: 722:For centuries, 692: 686: 648:, specifically 642: 637: 625: 588:Afro-Brazilians 584:white Brazilian 391: 329: 323: 318: 177:, occasionally 137: 126: 120: 117: 74: 72: 62: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4905: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4800: 4795: 4789: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4753: 4739: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4713: 4706: 4694: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4669: 4668: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4640: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4609: 4604: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4550: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4524:Cape Coloureds 4516: 4509: 4507:Amazonian Jews 4504: 4498: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4416: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4366: 4358: 4357:External links 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347:978-0875654324 4346: 4333: 4304: 4290: 4277: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4252: 4236:978-0230614246 4235: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4185: 4159: 4136:"Adriana Lima" 4127: 4088:(21): 8611–6. 4065: 4042: 4016: 4002: 3991: 3967: 3953: 3927: 3897: 3873: 3851: 3834:978-0470189801 3833: 3809: 3780: 3748: 3742:978-0871546586 3741: 3720: 3686: 3660: 3637: 3615: 3594: 3555: 3536: 3507:(6): 937–943. 3486: 3462: 3414: 3407: 3385: 3363: 3341: 3334: 3302: 3281: 3272: 3263: 3230: 3200: 3182: 3168: 3147: 3129: 3082: 3042: 3026: 3013: 2995: 2972: 2933: 2926: 2906: 2899: 2879: 2868: 2840: 2810: 2801:Globe and Mail 2780: 2708:10.1038/ng1435 2679: 2668:on 27 May 2020 2653: 2641:etymonline.com 2628: 2616:etymonline.com 2603: 2591:etymonline.com 2578: 2566:etymonline.com 2553: 2527: 2515:etymonline.com 2502: 2488: 2476:etymonline.com 2463: 2446: 2409:(3): 336–352. 2386: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2199:Dia do Mestiço 2194:Mixed Race Day 2148:Afro-Brazilian 2127:Proportion of 2109: 2108: 2067: 2065: 2058: 2052: 2049: 1902:Afro-Caribbean 1832: 1829: 1756: 1753: 1745: 1742: 1716:descent and a 1646: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1578: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560:Alaskan Native 1552:James P. Allen 1490:Main article: 1487: 1484: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1332:2001 UK Census 1321:Lewis Hamilton 1301:Naomi Campbell 1282:European Union 1261:Main article: 1258: 1257:United Kingdom 1255: 1247: 1244: 1206: 1203: 1198:Main article: 1195: 1192: 1179: 1176: 1147: 1144: 1013: 1010: 957:Spanish colony 928: 925: 897: 894: 852: 849: 847: 844: 813:Main article: 810: 807: 805:make up 8.1%. 773:Main article: 754: 751: 685: 682: 672:(singular, in 641: 638: 636: 633: 624: 621: 572:copper-colored 552:Imperial times 482:Terms such as 390: 387: 351:were European. 322: 319: 317: 314: 139: 138: 53: 51: 44: 36:Multiracialism 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4935: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4830:One-drop rule 4828: 4826: 4825:Miscegenation 4823: 4821: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4570:Anglo-Burmese 4568: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4481: 4476: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4419:Mixed Race UK 4417: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4266: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4160: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4069: 4066: 4053: 4046: 4043: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3971: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3862: 3855: 3852: 3847: 3836: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3813: 3810: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3781: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3661: 3648: 3641: 3638: 3625: 3619: 3616: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3590: 3577: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3458: 3446: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3410: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3386: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3337: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3231: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3204: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3172: 3169: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3083: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3014: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2910: 2907: 2902: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2883: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2844: 2841: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2798:(quoted from 2795: 2791: 2784: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2683: 2680: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2654: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2617: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2542: 2538: 2531: 2528: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2352: 2349: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2302:One-drop rule 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2227: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2105: 2102: 2094: 2091:November 2009 2084: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2068:This section 2066: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1986:ex-president 1985: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922:Latin America 1919: 1911: 1907: 1906:Sephardic Jew 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1863:Dougla people 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1802:and parts of 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1761: 1754: 1751: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1644: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1550:According to 1548: 1544: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1524:United States 1516: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1493: 1486:United States 1485: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1424:white-Chinese 1421: 1417: 1413: 1403: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1358: 1354:North America 1353: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1272: 1270: 1264: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1251:Romani people 1245: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1215:Afro-Iranians 1212: 1204: 1201: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1167: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 946: 945: 939: 934: 926: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 909:Anglo-Burmese 906: 905:Anglo-Burmese 902: 895: 892: 888: 886: 882: 877: 874: 870: 866: 864: 858: 850: 845: 843: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 816: 808: 806: 804: 800: 796: 795: 789: 786: 782: 776: 768: 764: 759: 752: 750: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 691: 683: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 639: 634: 632: 630: 622: 620: 618: 614: 610: 605: 604: 599: 598: 597:miscegenation 592: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 548: 546: 545: 540: 539: 533: 531: 526: 521: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 498: 493: 492:Latin America 489: 485: 480: 478: 477:First Nations 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 457: 452: 448: 447: 442: 438: 434: 430: 429: 424: 423: 418: 414: 413: 408: 407: 402: 401: 396: 389:Related terms 388: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 356: 352: 347: 345: 340: 337: 333: 328: 320: 315: 313: 311: 307: 303: 302:Latin America 299: 298:North America 294: 292: 288: 287: 282: 281: 276: 275: 270: 269: 264: 263: 258: 254: 253: 248: 244: 243: 238: 237: 232: 231: 226: 225: 220: 219: 214: 213: 208: 207: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 186: 185: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 135: 132: 124: 113: 110: 106: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: – 81: 77: 76:Find sources: 70: 66: 60: 59: 54:This article 52: 48: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 4798:Ethnogenesis 4774: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4735: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4689: 4682: 4663: 4657: 4642: 4635: 4611: 4599: 4575:Anglo-Indian 4560: 4512: 4486: 4337: 4312: 4308: 4281: 4269:. Retrieved 4248:Google Books 4246:– via 4240:. Retrieved 4225: 4216:Bibliography 4202:. Retrieved 4188: 4176:. Retrieved 4172:the original 4162: 4150:. Retrieved 4146:the original 4139: 4130: 4085: 4079: 4068: 4056:. Retrieved 4045: 4033:. Retrieved 4029:the original 4019: 4005: 3997:Google Books 3995:– via 3983:Policy Press 3977: 3970: 3956: 3944:. Retrieved 3940:the original 3930: 3918:. Retrieved 3911:the original 3900: 3890:25 September 3888:. Retrieved 3876: 3864:. Retrieved 3854: 3846:Google Books 3844:– via 3838:. Retrieved 3819: 3812: 3800:. Retrieved 3783: 3771:. Retrieved 3760: 3751: 3728: 3723: 3711:. Retrieved 3707:the original 3698: 3689: 3677:. Retrieved 3673:the original 3663: 3651:. Retrieved 3640: 3628:. Retrieved 3618: 3608:25 September 3606:. Retrieved 3597: 3585:|title= 3568: 3564: 3558: 3545: 3539: 3504: 3500: 3489: 3481:the original 3474: 3465: 3433:. Retrieved 3429:the original 3423: 3417: 3394: 3388: 3376:. Retrieved 3366: 3354:. Retrieved 3344: 3312: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3284: 3275: 3266: 3254:. Retrieved 3250:the original 3243: 3233: 3221:. Retrieved 3217:the original 3212: 3203: 3195:the original 3185: 3177: 3171: 3159:. Retrieved 3150: 3141: 3132: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3073:. Retrieved 3066:the original 3061: 3037: 3021: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2981: 2975: 2968:ivory tower. 2966: 2959:. Retrieved 2949: 2916: 2909: 2889: 2882: 2874:Google Books 2872:– via 2850: 2843: 2831:. Retrieved 2827:the original 2822: 2813: 2805: 2799: 2794:the original 2783: 2738: 2732: 2720: 2698: 2692: 2682: 2670:. Retrieved 2666:the original 2656: 2644:. Retrieved 2640: 2631: 2619:. Retrieved 2615: 2606: 2594:. Retrieved 2590: 2581: 2569:. Retrieved 2565: 2556: 2544:. Retrieved 2540: 2530: 2518:. Retrieved 2514: 2505: 2491: 2479:. Retrieved 2475: 2466: 2454: 2449: 2406: 2402: 2377:. Retrieved 2373:the original 2364: 2358: 2351: 2332:Race traitor 2270: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2228: 2173: 2140:Adriana Lima 2097: 2088: 2077:Please help 2072:verification 2069: 2018: 1992: 1973: 1946: 1934: 1915: 1823:, Samoa and 1793: 1769: 1758: 1720:father from 1706:Barack Obama 1703: 1694:Assimilation 1690: 1679: 1664: 1656:Barack Obama 1642: 1633:Other Asian 1594:Asian Indian 1574: 1549: 1545: 1528: 1521: 1447: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1408: 1375:Keanu Reeves 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1286: 1275: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1249: 1236:Central Asia 1228:Persian Gulf 1222: 1181: 1168: 1160: 1149: 1128:Sino-natives 1096: 1081: 1030: 1015: 1003: 999:Angeles City 992: 969: 950: 942: 899: 890: 885:Anglo-Indian 878: 873:British Rule 867: 860: 840: 824:Austronesian 818: 792: 790: 781:South Africa 778: 767:South Africa 765:family from 753:South Africa 748: 736:Central Asia 728:Persian Gulf 721: 693: 684:North Africa 677: 669: 643: 626: 616: 612: 608: 603:amalgamation 601: 595: 593: 575: 549: 542: 536: 534: 524: 522: 514:Brass Ankles 501: 495: 487: 483: 481: 454: 450: 444: 436: 432: 426: 420: 415:are used in 410: 404: 398: 392: 358: 354: 349: 341: 335: 330: 295: 284: 278: 272: 266: 260: 256: 250: 246: 240: 234: 228: 222: 216: 210: 204: 198: 194: 188: 182: 178: 174: 170: 162: 158: 153: 148: 144: 142: 127: 121:January 2020 118: 108: 101: 94: 87: 75: 63:Please help 58:verification 55: 18:Multi-ethnic 4820:Melting pot 4730:Mixed-blood 4619:Luso-Asians 4613:Luk khrueng 4487:Multiracial 4369:ProjectRACE 4242:10 December 4152:28 November 4141:Vogue Paris 4052:"Sean Paul" 3453:|work= 3435:24 December 3213:stripes.com 2562:"Melungeon" 2361:in English" 2359:multiracial 2292:Melting pot 2160:West Indian 2003:East Indian 1995:West Indies 1988:Hugo Chávez 1953:Puerto Rico 1726:White House 1698:integration 1562:: 7,015,017 1529:Mixed-race 1420:white-black 1348:Other Mixed 1317:Formula One 1166:and Irish. 984:sovereignty 965:Fedor Jagor 953:Philippines 927:Philippines 917:New Zealand 666:half-castes 646:East Africa 617:multiracial 382:Census 2000 344:Troy Duster 316:Definitions 252:sambo/zambo 171:multiethnic 167:ethnicities 4907:Categories 4585:Dutch Indo 4552:Eurasians 4502:Afro-Asian 3920:9 November 3773:30 January 3653:8 December 3567:. London. 3548:. Durham: 3223:22 October 2858:. p. 2833:30 October 2637:"Eurasian" 2587:"Quadroon" 2379:2 December 2344:References 2176:Brazilians 2144:Portuguese 2047:heritage. 2025:Amerindian 1984:Venezuelan 1940:-speaking 1872:Bob Marley 1845:See also: 1804:Vanua Levu 1796:sugar cane 1781:Bangladesh 1750:Euronesian 1748:See also: 1701:together. 1671:California 1613:Vietnamese 1502:Melungeons 1454:Aboriginal 1428:white-Arab 1391:Portuguese 1363:See also: 1240:Arab world 1219:Afro Turks 931:See also: 855:See also: 820:Madagascar 809:Madagascar 740:Arab world 709:Mauritania 609:mixed-race 558:with some 506:Melungeons 497:Half-breed 325:See also: 212:half-caste 175:polyethnic 143:The terms 91:newspapers 4871:Diasporas 4678:Melungeon 4644:Hùnxuě'ér 4556:Amerasian 4519:Coloureds 4432:Mosaic UK 4329:145262347 3840:1 January 3576:cite news 3455:ignored ( 3445:cite book 3399:Routledge 3378:30 August 3356:30 August 3161:15 August 3116:0737-4038 2984:: 68–90. 2722:studies." 2511:"Mestizo" 2423:1099-9809 1890:Sean Paul 1886:dancehall 1800:Viti Levu 1531:Americans 1289:Caribbean 1274:In 2000, 1211:Afro-Arab 1205:West Asia 1200:Hùnxuě'ér 1152:Sri Lanka 1146:Sri Lanka 1026:Eurasians 1022:Chindians 1018:Singapore 995:Amerasian 913:Australia 794:Coloureds 775:Coloureds 761:Extended 690:Afro-Arab 678:wachotara 629:ethnicity 530:apartheid 310:mulattoes 291:offensive 236:Melungeon 179:bi-ethnic 4885:See also 4765:Quadroon 4757:mameluco 4665:caiçaras 4650:Chindian 4629:Topasses 4624:Macanese 4607:Kristang 4446:Archived 4422:Archived 4409:Archived 4122:19433783 3866:26 April 3735:. 2005. 3531:26374132 3124:19535740 2717:15508000 2672:23 March 2546:10 March 2441:25045946 2280:See also 2243:mameluco 2220:or dark- 2214:: light- 2164:Japanese 2033:European 2015:Suriname 1942:Americas 1910:Portugal 1883:Jamaican 1777:Pakistan 1738:Hawaiian 1673:and the 1607:Japanese 1604:Filipino 1466:Scottish 1458:European 1397:descent. 1305:Jamaican 1238:and the 1232:Anatolia 1163:Burghers 1140:Mandarin 1065:Buddhist 1045:Chindian 1033:Malaysia 919:and the 883:defines 763:Coloured 738:and the 732:Anatolia 658:Tanzania 613:biracial 525:Coloured 510:Redbones 441:Japanese 306:mestizos 274:Garifuna 257:Eurasian 247:octoroon 242:quadroon 218:ʻafakasi 200:Coloured 190:Muwallad 4845:Plaçage 4840:Passing 4803:Exogamy 4786:History 4770:Sacatra 4750:caboclo 4736:mulatos 4703:castizo 4697:Mestizo 4684:mestiço 4673:Marabou 4658:juçaras 4580:Burgher 4562:Bụi đời 4534:Griquas 4529:Basters 4300:7001196 4271:14 July 4257:Sources 4204:14 July 4113:2680428 4090:Bibcode 4058:14 July 4035:22 July 3946:23 July 3713:14 July 3522:4867443 3256:20 June 3075:25 June 2961:10 July 2806:RaceSci 2775:9114021 2743:Bibcode 2725:citing 2612:"Sambo" 2432:4106007 2317:Plaçage 2261:brancos 2238:caboclo 2232:mulatto 2192:). The 2189:mestiço 2037:Chinese 2020:douglas 1969:mestizo 1938:Spanish 1930:Spanish 1918:Mestizo 1894:English 1888:artist 1859:Mulatto 1847:Mestizo 1821:Vanuatu 1785:Myanmar 1765:Tongans 1744:Oceania 1714:English 1601:Chinese 1522:In the 1479:miscēre 1462:English 1439:slavery 1416:Toronto 1395:Chinese 1379:English 1309:African 1293:African 1224:Ottoman 1178:Vietnam 1136:English 1107:Chinese 1103:Sarawak 1088:Malacca 1079:faith. 1077:Islamic 1041:Indians 1037:Chinese 947:, 1734. 901:Myanmar 705:Algeria 701:Morocco 697:Haratin 674:Swahili 670:chotara 580:African 576:caboclo 566:". But 488:mestizo 484:mulatto 451:mulâtre 446:mestiço 428:caboclo 417:Spanish 412:mestizo 393:In the 224:mestizo 105:scholar 4776:sarará 4717:coyote 4690:ainoko 4548:Dougla 4539:Oorlam 4513:cafuzo 4489:topics 4344: 4327: 4298: 4288: 4233: 4178:7 July 4120: 4110: 3989: 3831: 3739: 3630:10 May 3529: 3519: 3405: 3332: 3122: 3114: 2924: 2897: 2866: 2773: 2763: 2715: 2646:6 July 2621:6 July 2596:6 July 2571:6 July 2520:6 July 2481:6 July 2439: 2429: 2421: 2251:ainoko 2247:cafuzo 2223:moreno 2217:moreno 2211:moreno 2142:is of 2051:Brazil 2045:Jewish 2029:Latino 2011:Guyana 1965:Mexico 1961:Panama 1949:Mexico 1861:, and 1813:Tuvalu 1808:Samoan 1643: 1626:Samoan 1610:Korean 1508:, and 1474:French 1377:is of 1359:Canada 1246:Europe 1217:, and 1123:Bisaya 1092:Tamils 1084:Chitty 1069:Taoist 1057:Muslim 1053:Malays 1049:Indian 955:was a 783:, the 717:Berber 707:, and 650:Uganda 640:Africa 518:Mayles 502:Mestee 467:, the 465:Canada 461:French 443:) and 439:(from 437:ainoko 433:cafuzo 422:mulato 400:Mulato 376:; and 286:Gurans 283:, and 206:Dougla 195:Melezi 107: 100: 93: 86: 78: 4859:Lists 4743:pardo 4725:Métis 4710:cholo 4495:Terms 4443:Swirl 4325:S2CID 4198:(PDF) 3914:(DOC) 3885:(PDF) 3802:8 May 3793:(PDF) 3761:2006 3679:5 May 3069:(PDF) 3058:(PDF) 2766:20754 2541:LAist 2205:pardo 2180:pardo 2156:Swiss 1908:from 1855:Zambo 1851:Pardo 1841:Casta 1773:India 1722:Kenya 1585:White 1470:Irish 1450:Métis 1387:Irish 1325:mixed 1313:Asian 1297:Asian 1194:China 1132:Malay 1115:Dusun 1111:Murut 1099:Sabah 1061:Hindu 851:India 832:Bantu 654:Kenya 564:pardo 544:Casta 538:zambo 532:era. 469:Métis 456:métis 406:zambo 374:Asian 280:pardo 184:Métis 154:races 112:JSTOR 98:books 4637:Hapa 4601:Hāfu 4384:, US 4342:ISBN 4296:OCLC 4286:ISBN 4273:2008 4244:2014 4231:ISBN 4206:2008 4180:2015 4154:2017 4118:PMID 4060:2008 4037:2013 3987:ISBN 3948:2015 3922:2008 3892:2019 3868:2011 3842:2015 3829:ISBN 3804:2008 3775:2008 3737:ISBN 3715:2008 3681:2010 3655:2010 3632:2008 3610:2019 3589:help 3527:PMID 3476:Time 3457:help 3437:2008 3403:ISBN 3380:2007 3358:2007 3330:ISBN 3258:2007 3245:Time 3225:2017 3163:2012 3120:PMID 3112:ISSN 3077:2018 2963:2021 2922:ISBN 2895:ISBN 2864:ISBN 2835:2009 2771:PMID 2713:PMID 2674:2020 2648:2020 2623:2020 2598:2020 2573:2020 2548:2023 2522:2020 2483:2020 2437:PMID 2419:ISSN 2381:2013 2256:hāfu 2162:and 2117:and 2043:and 2041:Arab 2013:and 1959:and 1928:and 1896:and 1839:and 1789:Sikh 1783:and 1760:Fiji 1755:Fiji 1734:hapa 1696:and 1472:and 1393:and 1346:and 1330:The 1311:and 1303:has 1169:The 1161:The 1134:and 1121:and 1119:Iban 1113:and 1101:and 1082:The 1067:and 1039:and 1024:and 951:The 887:as: 846:Asia 715:and 656:and 600:and 516:and 453:and 409:and 336:race 268:hāfu 262:hapa 230:mutt 84:news 4317:doi 4108:PMC 4098:doi 4086:106 3517:PMC 3509:doi 3322:doi 3104:doi 2986:doi 2951:NPR 2761:PMC 2751:doi 2703:doi 2427:PMC 2411:doi 2241:or 2081:by 1718:Luo 1327:'. 1295:or 779:In 676:), 644:In 615:or 459:in 161:or 147:or 67:by 4909:: 4323:. 4313:70 4311:. 4294:. 4138:. 4116:. 4106:. 4096:. 4084:. 4078:. 3985:. 3981:. 3823:. 3795:. 3766:. 3759:. 3731:. 3701:. 3697:. 3580:: 3578:}} 3574:{{ 3525:. 3515:. 3505:24 3503:. 3499:. 3473:. 3449:: 3447:}} 3443:{{ 3397:. 3328:. 3320:. 3296:. 3292:. 3242:. 3211:. 3140:. 3118:. 3110:. 3100:26 3098:. 3094:. 3060:. 3045:^ 3029:^ 3006:. 2965:. 2954:. 2948:. 2936:^ 2862:. 2854:. 2821:. 2769:. 2759:. 2749:. 2739:94 2737:. 2731:. 2719:. 2711:. 2699:36 2697:. 2691:. 2639:. 2614:. 2589:. 2564:. 2539:. 2513:. 2474:. 2435:. 2425:. 2417:. 2407:20 2405:. 2401:. 2389:^ 2367:. 2363:. 2276:. 2158:, 2154:, 2150:, 2146:, 2039:, 2035:, 2031:, 2027:, 2009:, 1955:, 1951:, 1857:, 1853:, 1849:, 1819:, 1815:, 1775:, 1688:. 1504:, 1500:, 1468:, 1464:, 1426:, 1422:, 1389:, 1385:, 1381:, 1342:, 1338:, 1307:, 1291:, 1234:, 1230:, 1213:, 921:UK 915:, 734:, 730:, 703:, 652:, 631:. 611:, 520:. 512:, 508:, 479:. 435:, 431:, 425:, 419:, 403:, 372:; 368:; 364:; 334:, 304:, 277:, 271:, 265:, 259:, 255:, 249:, 245:, 239:, 233:, 227:, 221:, 215:, 209:, 203:, 197:, 193:, 187:, 181:, 173:, 4693:) 4687:( 4479:e 4472:t 4465:v 4350:. 4331:. 4319:: 4302:. 4275:. 4250:. 4208:. 4182:. 4156:. 4124:. 4100:: 4092:: 4062:. 4039:. 3999:. 3950:. 3924:. 3894:. 3870:. 3848:. 3806:. 3777:. 3745:. 3717:. 3683:. 3657:. 3634:. 3612:. 3591:) 3587:( 3552:. 3533:. 3511:: 3459:) 3439:. 3411:. 3382:. 3360:. 3338:. 3324:: 3260:. 3227:. 3165:. 3126:. 3106:: 3079:. 3010:. 2992:. 2988:: 2930:. 2903:. 2876:. 2860:7 2837:. 2808:. 2777:. 2753:: 2745:: 2705:: 2676:. 2650:. 2625:. 2600:. 2575:. 2550:. 2524:. 2485:. 2443:. 2413:: 2383:. 2186:( 2170:. 2104:) 2098:( 2093:) 2089:( 2075:. 1916:" 1912:. 1811:( 1678:( 769:. 134:) 128:( 123:) 119:( 109:· 102:· 95:· 88:· 61:. 38:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index