191:
263:
2117:
2107:
542:
862:
42:
1972:
842:. Although he does not mention the name "Fe'i", he does speak of the "mountain-banana": "On each side of the ravine there were great beds of the mountain-banana, covered with ripe fruit. Many of these plants were from twenty to twenty-five feet high, and from three to four in circumference." Fe'i bananas have been noted to grow best in Tahiti on slopes at the base of cliffs.
239:, formed from the tightly wrapped bases of the leaves. At maturity each pseudostem produces a single flowering stem that grows up inside it, eventually emerging from the top. As it elongates, female flowers appear which go on to form fruit – the bananas. Finally male flowers are produced. In cultivated bananas, the fruit is usually seedless and the male flowers sterile.
254:) are bright shiny green rather than dull red or purple. The flowering and fruiting stem is more or less upright (rather than drooping), so that the bunches of bananas are also upright. Ripe fruit has brilliant orange, copper-coloured or red skin with orange or yellow flesh inside. It has prominent ridges, making it squarish in cross-section.
877:
banana fought. The mountain banana – the Fe'i banana – won. Filled with pride at its victory, the mountain banana raised its head high, whereas the defeated lowland banana never raised its head again. (Fe'i bananas have an upright fruiting stem, whereas the fruiting stem droops in other kinds of banana.)
751:
In countries where Fe'i bananas were once a major food item, there has been a shift away from eating traditional foods towards eating imported foods. Bananas with whiter flesh are preferred over traditional varieties with deeply coloured flesh. One issue with Fe'i bananas is that eating them causes
735:
Fe'i bananas are generally eaten as "plantains", i.e. they are usually cooked rather than eaten raw. They have been described as "delicious and nutritious when baked or boiled, especially if the slices are swathed in fresh coconut cream." They have also been described as "unpleasantly astringent"
795:
Fe'i banana plants have many other uses. Like other kinds of banana, the leaves may be used as plates or containers for cooked food. They can also be used as a roofing material, particularly for temporary huts. The fibres of the midrib of the leaves can be used to make ropes, often used to carry
876:
Fe'i bananas are an important component of ceremonial feasts in the
Marquesas and the Society Islands. Karat bananas are reported to be one of the few kinds of banana that can be used in ceremonial presentations in Pohnpei, Micronesia. A Samoan legend is that the mountain banana and the lowland
585:
Fe'i bananas are not in commercial cultivation. There are lists of cultivars for different islands, but it is not clear whether these are synonyms, with the same cultivar being known by different names in different locations and languages. Further, it is not clear whether local names apply to
1497:
Englberger, Lois; Lyons, Graham; Foley, Wendy; Daniells, Jeff; Aalbersberg, Bill; Dolodolotawake, Usaia; Watoto, Claudine; Iramu, Ellen; Taki, Belden; Wehi, Francis; Warito, Peter; Taylor, Mary (2010), "Carotenoid and riboflavin content of banana cultivars from Makira, Solomon
Islands",
939:(CePaCT), which catalogs living plants of the Pacific region for conservation. More than 100 samples of Fe'i bananas were collected in French Polynesia, from isolated farms on six different islands. The samples will be conserved in a gene bank in Tahiti, with duplicates kept at CePaCt.
852:
food of the
Society Islanders, and that more than 95% of the bananas on sale were of the Fe'i type. Although some Fe'i banana plants were found in gardens, most bananas were gathered from the "wild", thought to have been planted in the past and abandoned.
491:, both from New Guinea and neighbouring islands. Fe'i bananas may be hybrids between several different wild species. They are generally considered to have originated in New Guinea and then to have been spread eastwards and northwards (as far as the
321:" (meaning "heaven-looking banana") is consistent with a Fe'i banana; he refers to the upright flowering spike (although the figure, reproduced here, shows the terminal bud drooping), the coloured sap, and the effect of consumption on urine.
829:
lived in the
Society Islands in the 1850s. He refers to the name "Fe'i", saying that Fe'i bananas were the principal food for the inhabitants of some islands. He also noted that Fe'i banana plants have an upright fruit cluster.
783:-carotene found in a Fe'i cultivar was almost 6,000 ÎĽg per 100 g of flesh compared to the highest level of 1,300 ÎĽg in a non-Fe'i cultivar. However, there was an overlap; some Fe'i cultivars contained less
508:
bananas and plantains. Although the part of the stem holding the fruit is upright, the rest of the stem then bends over so that the terminal bud faces sideways or downwards. An example is the cultivar 'Tati'a' from
354:, in spite of the fact that Rumphius had noted several distinctions between the two. Linnaeus' treatment has been described as "beyond understanding". In 1917, Merrill designated the illustration of Rumphius'
756:
present in the fruit. This effect led people to believe that Fe'i bananas might not be safe to eat, particularly for children. Along with the shift away from traditional foods, there has been a rise in
1135:
586:
cultivars (i.e. distinct cultivated varieties) or to broader groups. Thus Ploetz et al. refer to a banana found in eastern
Indonesia by the cultivar name 'Pisang Tongkat Langit'. However,
577:
in the
Society Islands. They are believed to have originated in the New Guinea area, where cultivars with seeds occur, as do the wild species from which they are thought to be descended.
796:
bunches of bananas. Other fibrous parts of the leaves can be dried and plaited into mats and similar items. The pseudostems are buoyant, and so can be used to make temporary rafts.
1524:
Dwivany, Fenny Martha; Stefani, Giasintha; Sutanto, Agus; Nugrahapraja, Husna; Wikantika, Ketut; Hiariej, Adriana; Hidayat, Topik; Rai, I Nyoman & Sukriandi, Nisrina (2020),
1590:
Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N.
150:, Fe'i bananas have skins which are brilliant orange to red in colour with yellow or orange flesh inside. They are usually eaten cooked and have been an important food for
1389:
768:, a precursor of vitamin A. A year-long promotional campaign in Pohnpei in 1999 to encourage the consumption of Karat cultivars had some success in increasing sales.
573:
spread by canoe throughout the
Pacific, they took Fe'i bananas with them; cultivation has been traced back to around 250 BC in the Marquesas and to around 800 AD in
2735:
1723:
1666:
1633:
948:
2774:
606:
as a whole rather than to a single cultivar. Significant genetic variation has been reported among bananas from Maluku
Islands for which this name is used.
2153:
1146:
740:, some cultivars, particularly 'Karat Pwehu', 'Karat Pako' and to a lesser extent 'Utin Iap' (='Uht En Yap'), are commonly eaten raw when fully ripe.
799:
Fe'i bananas have distinctive reddish sap which does not readily fade on exposure to light. It is used as a dye, and has also been used to make ink.
2683:
1986:
2748:
2696:
2813:
990:
1469:
2036:
1716:
936:
826:
728:
242:
Fe'i bananas can be distinguished from other kinds of cultivated bananas and plantains in a number of ways. They have highly coloured
2905:
1691:
609:
The list below is selective; where many names are given in sources, it concentrates on those with the most description available.
2087:
2067:
545:
The dashed lines show the region in which Fe'i bananas are found and where they have, at least historically, been used as food.
2722:
1203:
736:
unless cooked, having higher proportions of starch and lower proportions of sugar than other kinds of banana. However, in the
2146:
1709:
737:
2753:
235:, typically around 3–10 m (10–33 ft) tall or even more. Although they appear tree-like, the "trunk" is actually a
2895:
2262:
1314:
Wong, C.; Kiew, R.; Argent, G.; Set, O.; Lee, S.K. & Gan, Y.Y. (2002), "Assessment of the
Validity of the Sections in
366:
L. On this basis, Häkkinen, Väre and
Christenhusz concluded in 2012 that "all Fe'i cultivars, including those featured in
1422:
1145:, Montpellier, France: International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, pp. 14–19, archived from
2890:
2644:
2072:
845:
513:. Molecular analysis of bananas with this growth habit from Papua New Guinea has shown evidence of genetic input from
190:
2826:
2779:
2120:
2062:
1272:
410:
Lour. (1790) – a superfluous name because it was provided as an alternative name to Linnaeus', hence illegitimate;
2880:
2139:
142:, used mainly for their fruit. They are very distinct in appearance and origin from the majority of bananas and
2162:
2041:
838:
825:. In the account he published later, he noted five kinds of banana or plantain called "Fe'i" by the Tahitians.
2831:
1362:
2900:
988:
gives the date as 1892, it is the painting of 1891 that shows a man apparently carrying orange bananas. See
569:
and as a ceremonial food, although their cultivation and use has sharply declined in recent decades. As the
310:
2635:
2597:
2244:
1991:
896:, towards the end of the 19th century. Three of his works include what are considered to be Fe'i bananas:
290:, if any, for Fe'i bananas. Some authorities have preferred to treat Fe'i bananas as a formal or informal
2649:
498:
A few cultivars have been found which appear to be intermediate between Fe'i bananas and the more common
2885:
2701:
2046:
295:
2188:
744:
have a soft texture and a sweet taste and were a traditional weaning food in the Micronesian island of
807:
The early European explorers of the Pacific islands produced a few accounts of Fe'i bananas. In 1768,
2670:
758:
923:
in 1937–38. Heyerdahl reported that Fe'i bananas grew all around their cabin on Fatu-Hiva, while on
1906:
411:
2766:
935:
Fe'i banana cultivars, along with other Pacific crop propagation material, have been saved at the
317:
was published in 1747, after his death. His figure and description of a "species" under the name "
2852:
2818:
2273:
2254:
2216:
2092:
1756:
1559:
1475:
881:
590:
can be translated as "sky stick banana" or "heaven cane banana", corresponding to Rumphius' name
389:
374:
L." Other sources also accept this as the scientific name for the group as a whole – for example
2221:
375:
2740:
1841:
1525:
2787:
2657:
2384:
2238:
2011:
1687:
1660:
1627:
1616:
1593:
1551:
1465:
1345:
916:
821:
562:
330:
1681:
2792:
2432:
2110:
1996:
1786:
1541:
1507:
1335:
1327:
848:
published a study of the Fe'i banana in 1947. He reported that Fe'i bananas were the staple
570:
554:
492:
476:
232:
151:
147:
86:
1049:
262:
2364:
2182:
1971:
1921:
1851:
889:
880:
The bright orange-red colours of Fe'i bananas make them attractive to artists. The French
808:
776:
558:
521:
481:
218:
1956:
752:
the production of yellow coloured urine, thought to be caused by the excretion of excess
1266:
469:). However, their precise origins are unclear. On the basis of appearance (morphology),
2805:
2800:
2320:
2211:
2176:
2026:
1941:
1936:
1886:
1821:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1781:
1613:
A study of the Fe'i banana and its distribution with reference to Polynesian migrations
1340:
1080:
912:
833:
550:
515:
479:, has been proposed as a parent. More recent genetic studies suggest they are close to
359:
291:
287:
212:
207:
169:
143:
103:
2874:
1951:
1896:
1876:
1861:
1816:
1563:
1479:
762:
487:
416:
325:
251:
155:
761:. Fe'i bananas with deeper coloured flesh have been shown to contain high levels of
2857:
2662:
2567:
2285:
2031:
2001:
1871:
1846:
1826:
1791:
1761:
885:
865:
849:
812:
741:
618:
471:
367:
227:
202:), rather than wild forms. They are distinctly different from the much more common
138:
61:
1191:
1187:
1173:
2761:
2709:
2629:
2488:
2481:
2006:
1831:
1811:
1771:
1766:
1751:
566:
541:
17:
2620:
1511:
861:
2278:
2249:
2016:
1881:
1776:
816:
753:
236:
41:
1555:
1437:
1931:
1050:"Banana and Plantain: An Overview with Emphasis on Pacific Island Cultivars"
920:
162:
2844:
1620:
1597:
1349:
727:
638:'Utin Iap' or 'Uht En Yap' – cone-shaped bunch, small bananas, flesh orange
775:-carotene vary considerably among Fe'i bananas. In a study of traditional
453:
Whereas most cultivated bananas and plantains are derived from species in
146:
currently grown. Found mainly in the islands of the Pacific, particularly
2839:
2614:
1961:
1916:
1891:
1546:
1331:
1234:
Häkkinen, M.; Väre, H. & Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2012), "Identity of a
927:
they had only seen Fe'i bananas growing "in almost inaccessible cliffs."
199:
1701:
624:'Karat Kole' or 'Karat Pwono' – round-shaped banana, flesh orange-yellow
2688:
2473:
2442:
2082:
2077:
1946:
1926:
1911:
1836:
911:
Fe'i bananas were one of the main staples of Liv Coucheron-Torpand and
745:
194:
Pre-1906 photograph titled "Hillsman carrying feis to Papeete" (Tahiti)
154:, moving with them as they migrated across the ocean. Most are high in
69:
2714:
533:" shows the same morphology, although this might be artistic license.
324:
However, the starting point for botanical names is the publication of
2021:
1901:
1866:
1856:
1746:
1732:
1178:(in Latin and Dutch), Amsterdam: François Changuion, Hermanus Uytwerf
984:
There are several paintings by Gauguin with similar titles. Although
924:
893:
836:
visited Tahiti in the Society Islands in 1835 and gave an account in
574:
510:
499:
203:
47:
2591:
1291:
Häkkinen, M. & Väre, H. (2008), "Typification and check-list of
1048:
Ploetz, R.C.; Kepler, A.K.; Daniells, J. & Nelson, S.C. (2007),
971:, p. 3) with the Federated States of Micronesia added based on
657:'Gatagata' or 'Vudito' – ripe skin orange-brown, flesh yellow-orange
404:" Rumphius (1747) – published before 1753, so not an acceptable name
182:
L. Precisely which wild species they are descended from is unclear.
2131:
2727:
860:
726:
261:
247:
223:
189:
134:
55:
1368:
313:(c.1627–1702), usually known by the Latinized name Rumphius. His
2675:
1401:(in Indonesian and English), Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada
2595:
2541:
2173:
2135:
1705:
1462:
Pohnpei-bananas: a photo collection: carotenoid-rich varieties
243:
627:'Karat Pako' – longer banana, skin rough, flesh orange-yellow
1464:, Suva, Fiji Islands: Secretariat of the Pacific Community,
1615:, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 190, Honolulu, Hawaii,
1575:
1094:, HĹŤlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR)
1059:, HĹŤlualoa, Hawai'i: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR)
651:'Aibwo' or 'Suria' – ripe skin orange; flesh yellow-orange
1530:
L.) from Galunggung and Maluku, Indonesia, Based on ITS2"
1143:
Networking Banana and Plantain: INIBAP Annual Report 2000
1680:
Normah, M.N.; Chin, H.F. & Reed, Barbara M. (2012),
465:(in particular the species formerly grouped as section
1460:
Englberger, Lois & Lorens, Adelino Lorens (2004),
1079:
Nelson, S.C.; Ploetz, R.C. & Kepler, A.K. (2006),
370:'s famous paintings, should be treated under the name
338:" is not an acceptable name. In the second edition of
286:, considerable confusion has existed as to the proper
246:, pink through to bright magenta and dark purple. The
1686:, Springer Science & Business Media, p. 98,
1526:"Genetic Relationship between Tongka Langit Bananas (
613:
Federated States of Micronesia, particularly Pohnpei:
1136:"Diversity in the genus Musa: focus on Australimusa"
630:'Karat Pwekhu' – smaller banana, flesh orange-yellow
443:
Mueller (1875) – superfluous and hence illegitimate
2604:
2558:
2513:
2497:
2425:
2409:
2395:
2294:
2230:
2204:
2055:
1979:
1739:
660:'Toraka Parao' – ripe skin red; flesh yellow-orange
305:One of the earliest detailed accounts of the genus
112:
102:
85:
68:
54:
34:
1395:L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologis dan Molekular
654:'Fagufagu' – ripe skin orange, flesh yellow-orange
437:Seem. (1868) – superfluous and hence illegitimate
425:Colla (1820) – superfluous and hence illegitimate
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1092:Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry
1057:Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry
819:'s first voyage to the Pacific Ocean aboard the
431:Mig. (1855) – superfluous and hence illegitimate
1295:L. names (Musaceae) with nomenclatural notes",
949:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
414:'s description is based on a different plant,
2147:
1717:
915:during their one-and-a-half-year stay on the
386:to stress the hybrid origin of Fe'i bananas.
8:
598:is treated by other sources as referring to
671:'Pisang Tongkat Langit' or 'Pisang Ranggap'
461:, Fe'i bananas are clearly part of section
2592:
2555:
2538:
2201:
2170:
2154:
2140:
2132:
1724:
1710:
1702:
1665:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1632:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1268:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
972:
679:'Menei', 'Rimina', 'Utafan', 'Sar', 'Wain'
663:'Warowaro' – ripe skin brown; flesh yellow
529:cultivars. Rumphius' illustration of his "
40:
31:
1545:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1364:English • Indonesian • English dictionary
1339:
1129:
1127:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1639:
1500:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
1367:, Kamus.net, STANDS4 LLC, archived from
1167:
1165:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1074:
1072:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
985:
968:
540:
1423:"Carotenoid-rich bananas in Micronesia"
1391:Variasi Genetik Pisang Tongkat Langit (
1015:
960:
641:'Utimwas' – small bananas, flesh orange
549:Fe'i bananas are mainly found from the
198:Fe'i bananas are cultivated varieties (
1683:Conservation of Tropical Plant Species
1658:
1625:
116:Pacific islands, initially New Guinea?
565:. They have been important both as a
342:, Linnaeus lumped together Rumphius'
7:
2037:List of banana and plantain diseases
1242:(Musaceae) and the reinstatement of
711:'Borabora', 'Polapola', 'Mai'a Ha'i'
378:in 2004. The name may be written as
787:-carotene than non-Fe'i cultivars.
995:, The Web Gallery of Impressionism
937:Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees
25:
731:Peeled and unpeeled Karat bananas
309:was by the German-Dutch botanist
2832:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:797620-1
2116:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2088:Taiwan Banana Research Institute
2068:Banana Research Station, Kannara
1970:
1085:species (bananas and plantains)"
779:cultivars, the highest level of
282:As with many names in the genus
133:) are cultivated plants in the
1388:Karuwal, Ritha Lusian (2011),
1172:Rumpf, Georg Eberhard (1747),
738:Federated States of Micronesia
557:in the east, particularly the
350:'Pissang Batu' under the name
294:rather than employing a Latin
1:
2263:East African Highland bananas
1534:HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
1210:, Royal Horticultural Society
525:, the parents of the section
1175:Herbarium amboinense, vol. 5
908:(Tahitian Landscape, 1891).
2073:International Banana Museum
449:Bertero ex Vieillard (1862)
2922:
2063:Banana Framework Agreement
1512:10.1016/j.jfca.2010.03.002
1273:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1090:, in Elevitch, C.R (ed.),
1055:, in Elevitch, C.R (ed.),
872:; Fe'i bananas bottom left
703:'Fe'i Aiuri', 'Fe'i Tatia'
553:(Moluccas) in the west to
274:L.; from Rumphius (1747),
2554:
2537:
2200:
2169:
2101:
1968:
1653:Fatu-Hiva. Back to Nature
1611:MacDaniels, L.H. (1947),
1421:Englberger, Lois (2003),
1238:– historical concepts of
1204:"Search for 'Fe'i Group'"
39:
2906:Austronesian agriculture
2042:List of banana cultivars
1651:Heyerdahl, Thor (1975),
1588:Darwin, Charles (1845),
1436:(2): 2–5, archived from
1318:(Musaceae) using ALFP",
992:Tahitian Landscape, 1891
839:The Voyage of the Beagle
635:Utin Iap type cultivars
594:(heaven-gazing banana).
250:of the flowering spike (
1655:, Garden City, New York
1592:, London: John Murray,
302:(Fe'i Group) 'Utafan'.
1992:Banana equivalent dose
1265:"Musa troglodytarum",
1208:Horticultural Database
904:(Hail Mary, 1891) and
873:
846:Laurence H. MacDaniels
732:
546:
279:
195:
2047:List of banana dishes
1733:Bananas and plantains
1134:Sharrock, S. (2001),
864:
730:
596:Pisang tongkat langit
588:pisang tongkat langit
544:
394:M. troglodytarum
315:Herbarium amboinensis
276:Herbarium amboinensis
270:" – the lectotype of
265:
222:. All members of the
193:
2896:Tropical agriculture
1547:10.4308/hjb.27.3.258
1397:(unpublished thesis)
967:The map is based on
759:vitamin A deficiency
172:for Fe'i bananas is
2521:Kluai Lep Chang Kut
2186:, and their hybrid
1907:Minatamis na saging
1141:, in INIBAP (ed.),
495:) for use as food.
435:M. uranoscopos
429:M. uranoscopos
423:M. uranoscopos
408:M. uranoscopos
402:M. uranoscopos
298:, using names like
2891:Polynesian cuisine
2636:Musa troglodytarum
2606:Musa troglodytarum
2093:World Banana Forum
1576:Ploetz et al. 2007
1528:Musa troglodytarum
1393:Musa troglodytarum
1332:10.1093/aob/mcf170
1244:Musa troglodytarum
900:(The Meal, 1891),
882:Post-Impressionist
874:
803:Historical reports
733:
676:Papua New Guinea:
547:
482:M. lolodensis
364:Musa troglodytarum
352:Musa troglodytarum
280:
272:Musa troglodytarum
196:
2868:
2867:
2788:Open Tree of Life
2598:Taxon identifiers
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2372:African plantains
2129:
2128:
2012:Banana plantation
1471:978-982-00-0038-4
973:Englberger (2003)
906:Paysage de Tahiti
700:Society Islands:
648:Solomon Islands:
571:Pacific Islanders
563:Marquesas Islands
441:M. seemannii
340:Species Plantarum
331:Species Plantarum
233:herbaceous plants
152:Pacific Islanders
120:
119:
16:(Redirected from
2913:
2881:Banana cultivars
2861:
2860:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2731:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2593:
2556:
2539:
2438:Bluggoe Subgroup
2202:
2171:
2163:Banana cultivars
2156:
2149:
2142:
2133:
2119:
2118:
2109:
2108:
1997:Banana, Kiribati
1987:Banana, DR Congo
1974:
1787:Banana cream pie
1726:
1719:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1549:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1494:
1483:
1482:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1427:
1418:
1403:
1402:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1320:Annals of Botany
1311:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1248:Folia Malaysiana
1231:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1140:
1131:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1045:
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:
982:
976:
965:
917:Marquesan island
592:Musa uranoscopos
555:French Polynesia
531:Musa uranoscopos
493:Hawaiian Islands
488:M. peekelii
477:Papua New Guinea
417:M. coccinea
372:M. troglodytarum
356:Musa uranoscopos
344:Musa uranoscopos
336:Musa uranoscopos
319:Musa Uranoscopos
268:Musa Uranoscopos
161:(a precursor of
148:French Polynesia
87:Hybrid parentage
46:Fe'i bananas in
44:
32:
27:Banana cultivars
21:
18:Musa uranoscopos
2921:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2661:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2600:
2590:
2577:
2550:
2525:
2509:
2493:
2421:
2405:
2391:
2290:
2245:Dwarf Cavendish
2226:
2196:
2165:
2160:
2130:
2125:
2097:
2051:
1975:
1966:
1922:Nilagang saging
1735:
1730:
1700:
1694:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1624:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1472:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1406:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1233:
1232:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1105:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1007:
998:
996:
989:
986:Sharrock (2001)
983:
979:
966:
962:
957:
945:
933:
890:Society Islands
859:
809:Daniel Solander
805:
793:
777:Solomon Islands
725:
720:
684:New Caledonia:
621:type cultivars
583:
559:Society Islands
539:
376:Rafaël Govaerts
260:
219:Musa balbisiana
188:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:Tropical fruit
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:wfo-0000475147
2849:
2836:
2823:
2810:
2797:
2784:
2771:
2758:
2745:
2732:
2719:
2706:
2693:
2680:
2667:
2654:
2641:
2626:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2447:Silver Bluggoe
2445:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2321:True plantains
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2307:Maoli-Popo'ulu
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2266:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2177:Musa acuminata
2174:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:Cooking banana
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1980:Related topics
1977:
1976:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Saba con hielo
1939:
1937:Pritong saging
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Ginataang saba
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Banana pudding
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Banana ketchup
1804:
1802:Banana fritter
1799:
1797:Bananas Foster
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:Banana custard
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1740:Culinary usage
1737:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1672:
1643:
1603:
1580:
1568:
1516:
1506:(6): 624–632,
1484:
1470:
1452:
1404:
1380:
1354:
1326:(2): 231–238,
1306:
1283:
1257:
1219:
1195:
1192:tab. 60 fig. 2
1161:
1103:
1068:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
977:
969:Sharrock (2001
959:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
944:
941:
932:
929:
913:Thor Heyerdahl
902:La Orana Maria
858:
855:
834:Charles Darwin
804:
801:
792:
789:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
713:
712:
706:
705:
704:
698:
697:
696:
690:
689:
688:
682:
681:
680:
674:
673:
672:
666:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
645:
644:
643:
642:
639:
633:
632:
631:
628:
625:
615:
614:
582:
579:
551:Maluku Islands
538:
535:
451:
450:
444:
438:
432:
426:
420:
405:
311:Georg E. Rumpf
292:cultivar group
288:botanical name
259:
256:
213:Musa acuminata
187:
184:
170:botanical name
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
104:Cultivar group
100:
99:
89:
83:
82:
72:
66:
65:
58:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2918:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2381:Pisang Seribu
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2185:
2184:
2183:M. balbisiana
2179:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:Organizations
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Frozen banana
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:Banana powder
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1695:
1693:9781461437765
1689:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:Sharrock 2001
1635:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1443:on 2016-03-09
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1381:
1371:on 2015-02-15
1370:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1152:on 2013-05-13
1148:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
994:
993:
987:
981:
978:
974:
970:
964:
961:
954:
950:
947:
946:
942:
940:
938:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
871:
867:
863:
856:
854:
851:
847:
843:
841:
840:
835:
831:
828:
827:William Ellis
824:
823:
818:
814:
810:
802:
800:
797:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
765:
760:
755:
749:
747:
743:
742:Karat bananas
739:
729:
722:
717:
710:
709:
707:
702:
701:
699:
694:
693:
691:
686:
685:
683:
678:
677:
675:
670:
669:
667:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
647:
646:
640:
637:
636:
634:
629:
626:
623:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
611:
610:
607:
605:
604:troglodytarum
601:
597:
593:
589:
580:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
543:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
523:
522:M. balbisiana
518:
517:
512:
507:
506:
502:
496:
494:
490:
489:
484:
483:
478:
474:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
419:
418:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
398:
397:
395:
391:
387:
385:
384:troglodytarum
382: Ă—
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:in 1753, so "
333:
332:
327:
326:Carl Linnaeus
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
273:
269:
264:
257:
255:
253:
252:inflorescence
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
229:
225:
221:
220:
215:
214:
210:derived from
209:
205:
201:
192:
185:
183:
181:
180:
179:troglodytarum
176:
171:
166:
164:
160:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
115:
111:
107:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
80:
79:troglodytarum
76:
73:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2886:Staple foods
2605:
2572:
2559:
2547:
2543:
2520:
2504:
2465:
2452:
2437:
2416:
2376:
2371:
2359:
2346:
2329:Green French
2319:
2306:
2301:
2286:Flhorban 920
2268:
2261:
2237:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2032:Green banana
2002:Banana paper
1872:Flying Jacob
1847:Banoffee pie
1827:Banana split
1792:Banana flour
1772:Banana chips
1762:Banana bread
1682:
1675:
1652:
1646:
1612:
1606:
1601:, chapter 18
1589:
1583:
1571:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1461:
1455:
1445:, retrieved
1438:the original
1433:
1429:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1373:, retrieved
1369:the original
1363:
1357:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1299:, Series 3,
1296:
1292:
1286:
1276:, retrieved
1267:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1212:, retrieved
1207:
1198:
1180:, retrieved
1174:
1154:, retrieved
1147:the original
1142:
1096:, retrieved
1091:
1082:
1061:, retrieved
1056:
997:, retrieved
991:
980:
963:
934:
931:Conservation
910:
905:
901:
897:
892:, including
888:visited the
886:Paul Gauguin
879:
875:
869:
866:Paul Gauguin
850:carbohydrate
844:
837:
832:
820:
813:Joseph Banks
811:accompanied
806:
798:
794:
784:
780:
772:
770:
763:
750:
734:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
548:
537:Distribution
530:
526:
520:
516:M. acuminata
514:
504:
500:
497:
486:
480:
475:, native to
472:Musa maclayi
470:
467:Australimusa
466:
462:
458:
454:
452:
447:M. fehi
446:
440:
434:
428:
422:
415:
407:
401:
393:
388:
383:
379:
371:
368:Paul Gauguin
363:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
323:
318:
314:
306:
304:
299:
283:
281:
275:
271:
267:
241:
226:
217:
211:
197:
178:
174:
173:
167:
156:
137:
130:
126:
125:(also spelt
123:Fe'i bananas
122:
121:
96:
92:
78:
74:
60:
35:Fe'i bananas
29:
2762:NatureServe
2710:iNaturalist
2630:Wikispecies
2489:Thai banana
2338:Pink French
2274:Gros Michel
2255:Masak Hijau
2217:Lady Finger
2193:paradisiaca
2007:Banana peel
1832:Banana wine
1812:Banana leaf
1767:Banana cake
1757:Banana boat
1752:Banana beer
1638:, cited in
1578:, p. 3
1303:(1): 63–112
668:Indonesia:
186:Description
91:Species in
2875:Categories
2806:kew-255026
2801:Plant List
2417:Ney Poovan
2385:Rhino Horn
2250:Grand Nain
2121:Production
2017:Bananadine
1882:Ginanggang
1842:Bánh chuối
1777:Banana cue
1540:(3): 258,
1447:2013-01-22
1375:2013-01-27
1278:2013-01-20
1214:2013-01-28
1182:2013-01-24
1156:2013-01-22
1098:2013-01-10
1063:2013-01-10
1011:References
999:2013-01-22
857:In culture
817:James Cook
791:Other uses
771:Levels of
754:riboflavin
237:pseudostem
108:Fe'i Group
2548:Callimusa
2470:Benedetta
2433:Blue Java
2402:Kalamagol
2354:Prata-anĂŁ
2279:Red Dacca
2239:Cavendish
1932:Pinasugbo
1564:233878305
1556:2086-4094
1480:127104310
1297:Adansonia
1254:(2): 1–14
921:Fatu-Hiva
822:Endeavour
766:-carotene
708:Hawai'i:
581:Cultivars
463:Callimusa
360:lectotype
278:, tab. 61
231:are tall
208:plantains
200:cultivars
163:vitamin A
159:-carotene
144:plantains
97:Callimusa
2845:50319460
2840:Tropicos
2767:2.134087
2741:10214382
2728:797620-1
2621:Q3067814
2615:Wikidata
2573:Utin Iap
2546:section
2453:Pelipita
2365:Latundan
2222:Señorita
2111:Category
1962:Tostones
1917:Nagasari
1661:citation
1628:citation
1430:InfoMusa
1350:12197520
943:See also
898:Le Repas
884:painter
870:Le Repas
602: Ă—
561:and the
503:section
457:section
412:Loureiro
390:Synonyms
296:binomial
258:Taxonomy
95:section
2689:2762936
2676:1116047
2505:Tiparot
2474:Cardava
2460:Pilipia
2457:Pelipia
2443:Bluggoe
2335:Nendran
2314:Popoulu
2311:Maqueño
2302:Iholena
2212:Lakatan
2083:ProMusa
2078:MusaNet
1947:Tacacho
1927:Nilupak
1912:Mofongo
1837:Banania
1621:5223876
1598:4019859
1341:4240415
746:Pohnpei
723:As food
695:'Soaqa'
358:as the
204:bananas
70:Species
2814:PLANTS
2793:656073
2780:320322
2754:503889
2715:140911
2702:312416
2650:431196
2478:Dippig
2377:Others
2326:French
2022:BanLec
1902:Matoke
1897:Maruya
1867:Chifle
1857:Cayeye
1747:Alloco
1690:
1619:
1596:
1562:
1554:
1478:
1468:
1348:
1338:
1236:Pisang
1188:p. 137
925:Tahiti
894:Tahiti
692:Fiji:
687:'Daak'
575:Tahiti
567:staple
511:Tahiti
248:bracts
113:Origin
48:Tahiti
2819:MUTR2
2736:IRMNG
2663:44NW7
2568:Karat
2341:Tiger
2269:Other
1957:TurĂłn
1952:Tonto
1892:MangĂş
1862:Chapo
1560:S2CID
1476:S2CID
1441:(PDF)
1426:(PDF)
1150:(PDF)
1139:(PDF)
1088:(PDF)
1053:(PDF)
955:Notes
619:Karat
396:are:
224:genus
135:genus
56:Genus
2827:POWO
2775:NCBI
2749:ITIS
2723:IPNI
2697:GRIN
2684:GBIF
2645:BOLD
2560:Fe'i
2544:Musa
2498:ABBB
2482:Saba
2466:Saba
2396:AABB
2360:Silk
2351:Pome
2347:Pome
2332:Horn
1852:Boli
1688:ISBN
1667:link
1634:link
1617:OCLC
1594:OCLC
1552:ISSN
1466:ISBN
1346:PMID
1316:Musa
1293:Musa
1240:Musa
1190:and
1083:Musa
785:beta
781:beta
773:beta
764:beta
527:Musa
519:and
505:Musa
501:Musa
485:and
459:Musa
455:Musa
348:Musa
346:and
307:Musa
300:Musa
284:Musa
228:Musa
216:and
206:and
175:Musa
168:The
157:beta
139:Musa
127:Fehi
93:Musa
62:Musa
2853:WFO
2671:EoL
2658:CoL
2514:BBB
2426:ABB
2295:AAB
2231:AAA
1542:doi
1508:doi
1336:PMC
1328:doi
1246:",
919:of
868:'s
815:on
718:Use
392:of
362:of
244:sap
165:).
131:FĂ©i
129:or
2877::
2855::
2842::
2829::
2816::
2803::
2790::
2777::
2764::
2751::
2738::
2725::
2712::
2699::
2686::
2673::
2660::
2647::
2632::
2617::
2410:AB
2205:AA
2191:Ă—
2189:M.
2180:,
1663:}}
1659:{{
1630:}}
1626:{{
1558:,
1550:,
1538:27
1536:,
1532:,
1504:23
1502:,
1487:^
1474:,
1434:12
1432:,
1428:,
1407:^
1344:,
1334:,
1324:90
1322:,
1301:30
1271:,
1252:13
1250:,
1222:^
1206:,
1186:,
1164:^
1106:^
1071:^
1018:^
748:.
600:M.
380:M.
328:'
177:Ă—
81:L.
77:Ă—
75:M.
2155:e
2148:t
2141:v
1725:e
1718:t
1711:v
1669:)
1636:)
1544::
1510::
1330::
1081:"
1003:.
975:.
400:"
266:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
