343:
37:
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appetite, nasal discharge, coughing, and decreased milk production in ewes. Subtle and often unnoticeable clinical symptoms are present until severe damage associated with secondary bacterial infection sets in. Clinical signs such as fever, lethargy, head shaking, coughing, nasal discharge, and sudden death are common in
411:
can be obtained by bacteriologic culture, molecular diagnostics, and serology, allowing for the bacterium to be grown in culture, species-specific DNA sequences, and specific antibodies identified, respectively. If antibodies are present after testing, this indicates that the tested animal has at
288:
with limited morbidity), or through contact with other infected bighorn sheep which survived initial infection events to become long-term chronic carriers. Transmission comes from animal secretions or respiratory droplets. There have been a minimum of thirteen studies where bighorns and domestic
375:
vary between domestic and bighorn sheep, as well as other caprinae. Symptoms in domestic sheep can range from mild respiratory disease, severe pneumonia and even death. Clinical and subclinical symptoms may be present in domestic sheep. Clinical symptoms may include fever, lethargy, decreased
242:
paralyzes cilia in the airways of the infected animal which doesn't allow them to push out the pneumonia-causing bacteria that has entered the lungs. A combination of this with other environmental factors can cause respiratory disease and increased mortality rates in infected individuals.
222:, all of which are important factors that contribute to the disease in sheep and other small ruminants. The bacterium also has the ability to act as a predisposing factor for other bacterial and viral infections. Populations of
539:
Manlove K, Branan M, Baker K, Bradway D, Cassirer EF, Marshall KL, et al. (July 2019). "Risk factors and productivity losses associated with
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in United States domestic sheep operations".
317:
species are labile organisms which are easily destroyed by heat, dehydration, sunlight, and common disinfectants, so they do not survive for a long time outside the body of the animal. As of now, and with many
333:
and to compound the problems in bighorn sheep, lamb survival can remain dangerously low for decades after an outbreak. Adult bighorns that survive become carriers and pass the disease onto the young lambs.
680:
Besser TE, Frances
Cassirer E, Highland MA, Wolff P, Justice-Allen A, Mansfield K, et al. (February 2013). "Bighorn sheep pneumonia: sorting out the cause of a polymicrobial disease".
1155:
166:
animals, first described in 1972. M. ovipneumoniae contributes to harmful pneumonia in sheep and goats. The duration and severity of M. ovipneumoniae varies from region to region.
226:
of infected sheep are often found to have varying strains of the bacterium within one animal, but the different strains vary in virulence. The bacterium can be found within the
284:
is also a predominant bacterium associated with broncopneumonia lesions in free-ranging bighorn lambs. Introductions come from either domestic sheep and goats (which harbour
875:"Association of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection with population-limiting respiratory disease in free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis)"
190:
has been detected in bighorn sheep, caribou, mountain goats, Beira antelope, Dall sheep, muskoxen, mule deer, white-tailed deer, and domestic cattle, sheep and goats.
428:
the best preventative measure for the disease is keeping wild free-ranging sheep out of contact with domestic sheep and goats. Preliminary research shows that having
1129:
436:
free, experience higher daily gains and better carcass traits, which would lead to higher profits for producers and less die-offs in bighorn sheep populations.
1168:
471:
971:
289:
sheep were penned together, resulting in 98% bighorn mortality rates. The cause of the issue is when domestic sheep and goats that are infected with
1116:
1142:
432:
free domestic sheep and goats could be not only be beneficial to bighorns, but to domestic sheep producers as well. Domestic lambs, that are
182:
and can cause both primary atypical pneumonia and also predispose infected animals to secondary pneumonia with other agents, including
1219:
772:"Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae--a primary cause of severe pneumonia epizootics in the Norwegian Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) population"
650:"Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Movi) in Alaska Wildlife: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
623:"Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Movi) in Alaska Wildlife: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, Alaska Department of Fish and Game"
329:
populations is the deadly disease caused by contact with domestic sheep and goats. Domestic sheep are seemingly unaffected by
1147:
322:
diseases, no protective immune responses have been achieved with the use of vaccines, though antibodies can be obtained.
1214:
403:
indirect hemagglutination (IH), and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) detection of exposure to
36:
1173:
396:
305:, the pathogen is difficult to eliminate, and is associated with stagnant-to-declining population growth rates.
293:
come into contact with healthy bighorn sheep, this infects them and can cause large population die-offs.
214:' ciliated epithelium via its polysaccharide capsule, inducing the production of autoantibodies to ciliary
1058:
873:
Besser TE, Cassirer EF, Potter KA, VanderSchalie J, Fischer A, Knowles DP, et al. (February 2008).
121:
830:
1103:
1013:
783:
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is also associated with population declines in several other wild caprinae, including the
Norwegian
1209:
1002:"Safety and Immunogenicity of a Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae bacterin for domestic sheep (Ovis aries)"
847:
565:
518:
231:
186:. Recent studies have identified the bacterium in others animals outside of the caprinae family.
31:
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Handeland K, Tengs T, Kokotovic B, Vikøren T, Ayling RD, Bergsjø B, et al. (2014-09-08).
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Ziegler JC, Lahmers KK, Barrington GM, Parish SM, Kilzer K, Baker K, Besser TE (2014).
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bacteria, but does not establish alone that the individual is currently infected.
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583:
Harvey ME, Morrical DG, Rosenbusch RF (November 2007). "Sheepflock infections with
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619:
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antibody-based tests, DNA based tests, and bacteria cultures that can be done.
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207:
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M. ovipneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen of domestic sheep, domestic goats,
155:
98:
68:
159:
1045:
972:"Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae diagnostics in domestic and wild sheep and goats"
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Maksimović Z, Rifatbegović M, Loria GR, Nicholas RA (December 2022).
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Although there are no current vaccine options available to prevent
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341:
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227:
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922:
Daee AA, Khodakaram-Tafti A, Derakhshandeh A, Seyedin M (2020).
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There are multiple different options for testing caprinae for
325:
Biologists deduced that the greatest limiting factor for
832:
Common
Diseases of Sheep and Goats in Sub-Saharan Africa
493:
associated with severe respiratory disease in goats".
1065:
489:
Rifatbegovic M, Maksimovic Z, Hulaj B (May 2011). "
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Transmission and impacts on susceptible populations
976:Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
932:in sheep with pneumonia in North East of Iran"
495:Journal of the British Veterinary Association
8:
675:
673:
671:
669:
358:Bighorn Sheep capture in Hells Canyon for '
301:Once a bighorn population is infected with
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20:
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947:
898:
805:
795:
746:
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162:that most commonly inhabits and affects
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407:all exist as options. The detection of
198:Several mechanisms are involved in the
936:Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
855:
845:
829:Kusiluka L, Kambarage D (2008-04-07).
470:U.S Department of Agriculture (2020).
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601:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.01.013
879:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
338:Symptoms, testing and prevention
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694:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.018
554:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.04.006
682:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
542:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
476:U.S. Department of Agriculture
268:In July 2007, this species of
218:, and suppressive activity on
1:
978:. Washington State University
1027:10.1371/journal.pone.0095698
797:10.1371/journal.pone.0106116
272:was linked to the deaths of
255:Bighorn sheep tagging after
178:, mountain goats, and other
721:: A Most Variable Pathogen"
587:involve multiple strains".
412:some point been exposed to
1236:
472:"Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae"
297:Declining population rates
210:activity, adhering to the
141:1972 (Approved Lists 1980)
738:10.3390/pathogens11121477
397:Polymerase chain reaction
127:
120:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
1161:mycoplasma-ovipneumoniae
1067:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
926:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
719:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
585:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
491:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
393:M. ovipneumoniae such as
360:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
348:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
257:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
150:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
131:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
25:Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
1220:Sheep and goat diseases
589:Small Ruminant Research
363:
351:
260:
184:Mannheimia haemolytica
420:Preventative measures
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345:
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206:, including altering
113:M. ovipneumoniae
891:10.1128/JCM.01931-07
346:On-site testing for
238:of small ruminants.
170:Affected populations
16:Species of bacterium
1215:Infectious diseases
1018:2014PLoSO...995698Z
930:Mycoplasma arginini
924:"Identification of
788:2014PLoSO...9j6116H
654:www.adfg.alaska.gov
627:www.adfg.alaska.gov
399:(PCR) detection of
364:
352:
261:
1197:
1196:
1182:Open Tree of Life
1059:Taxon identifiers
426:M. ovipneumoniae,
401:M. ovipneumoniae,
382:M. ovipneumoniae.
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434:M. ovipneumoniae
430:M. ovipneumoniae
414:M. ovipneumoniae
409:M. ovipneumoniae
405:M. ovipneumoniae
373:M. ovipneumoniae
371:The symptoms of
331:M. ovipneumoniae
307:M. ovipneumoniae
303:M. ovipneumoniae
291:M. ovipneumoniae
286:M. ovipneumoniae
282:M. ovipneumoniae
240:M. ovipneumoniae
224:M. ovipneumoniae
204:M. ovipneumoniae
188:M. ovipneumoniae
153:is a species of
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89:Mycoplasmataceae
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507:10.1136/vr.d886
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387:Testing options
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350:in Hells Canyon
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276:in the Western
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194:Characteristics
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79:Mycoplasmatales
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782:(9): e106116.
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688:(2–3): 85–93.
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856:|work=
380:possessing
220:lymphocytes
137:Carmichael
1210:Mycoplasma
1204:Categories
982:2023-01-21
839:2011-10-12
659:2023-01-21
632:2023-01-21
440:References
320:Mycoplasma
315:Mycoplasma
270:Mycoplasma
208:macrophage
156:Mycoplasma
100:Mycoplasma
69:Mollicutes
858:ignored (
848:cite book
725:Pathogens
570:146048482
548:: 30–38.
212:ruminants
107:Species:
1135:11435797
1082:Q3869050
1076:Wikidata
1046:24752006
1006:PLOS ONE
958:32368220
909:18057131
816:25198695
776:PLOS ONE
757:36558811
702:23253148
562:31097121
523:37238120
515:21610002
367:Symptoms
216:antigens
180:Caprinae
160:bacteria
85:Family:
55:Phylum:
49:Bacteria
45:Domain:
1122:3225957
1109:1002885
1037:3994082
1014:Bibcode
949:7183375
900:2238132
807:4157772
784:Bibcode
748:9781387
362:testing
259:testing
232:trachea
95:Genus:
75:Order:
65:Class:
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1148:963950
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234:, and
139:et al.
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1130:IRMNG
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566:S2CID
519:S2CID
228:lungs
164:ovine
1169:NCBI
1156:LPSN
1143:ITIS
1117:GBIF
1042:PMID
954:PMID
928:and
905:PMID
860:help
812:PMID
753:PMID
698:PMID
558:PMID
511:PMID
1104:EoL
1091:CoL
1032:PMC
1022:doi
944:PMC
895:PMC
887:doi
802:PMC
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743:PMC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
