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Norway. Stations from Africa and the Middle East are also often heard. The
Pacific Coast of the US provides a similar opportunity with stations from Asian countries and Australia / New Zealand although a considerably longer distance must be covered. On both coasts, as well as in the middle portion of the country, "Pan-American" DX from Latin American and Caribbean nations is often sought and logged.
22:
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category are receptions of distant traveler information service (TIS) stations, operated by the
Department of Transportation to give visitors information. These stations typically run at very low powers (limited to 10 watts) and are only intended to cover small areas, but may travel thousands of miles under certain instances. Similar are the tiny radio stations operated by
201:, producing reliable, long distance reception of (especially) high-powered stations up to about 1,200 miles (2,000 km) away on a nightly basis. Aside from the more or less regular reception of certain high-powered transmitters, variable conditions allow reception of different stations at different times - for example, on one night a medium-powered broadcaster from
2072:
379:) are generally the easiest to receive, and their presence is taken as an indication that the reception of more distant stations is possible. North American stations whose frequencies are furthest from the 9 kHz multiples used in Europe are easier to receive, particularly since 24-hour broadcasting is normal in Europe.
334:
On the East Coast of the United States, it is not unusual for DX'ers to hear the high-powered
European stations, which operate at 9 kHz intervals, rather than the 10 kHz in the United States, helping to reduce co-channel interference from domestic stations, from countries such as Spain and
209:
Near or on the coastlines, trans-oceanic reception is quite common and a favored target of DXers in those areas. Very distant inter-continental DX from stations several thousands of miles away is possible even far inland, but may require exceptionally good conditions and a good receiver and antenna
488:
For trans-Atlantic or trans-Pacific reception, where the target station is on a 9 kHz rather than a 10 kHz multiple or vice versa, receivers with narrow RF filters are useful in rejecting adjacent broadcasts on the listener's own continent. To combat noise, DXers may use an outboard noise
359:
networks are also commonly used, with local transmitter stations often having less of a local identity than those in the United States and Canada. The wide variety of languages spoken over the DX'ing range, from
Spanish to Arabic, adds an element of challenge to DXing in the region. Some stations
346:
frequencies), runs from 1610 kHz to 1710 kHz. This is a relatively new portion of the mediumwave broadcast spectrum, with the first two applications for frequencies having been granted in 1997. The lower density of stations in this area of the spectrum, as well as a lack of stations with
233:
in this region of the world and limited number of available frequencies means congestion is very common, and DXers may hear two, three, or more stations on the same frequency (especially on Class C "graveyard" frequencies where many lower-powered stations operate). The most powerful stations in the
318:
stations because they program in
English to reach the American market. Some of these operate with over 100 kW of power with highly directional antennae aimed northward to avoid interfering in the rest of Mexico. Many can be heard on a similar night-to-night basis. Many of these stations are
326:
or sporting event, DX'ers generally log these stations when they begin the hobby and afterwards pay little attention to them while seeking out new, less powerful and well-heard stations, often with a few kilowatts of power or less, or unusually distant stations. Especially prized in the former
205:
may be audible in Duluth, Minnesota, but not on the following night. Much of the hobby consists in trying to receive and log as many of these stations as possible, identifying target stations and frequencies to listen to and log.
387:
In the southern half of the China, Japan, Korea(both south and north) and Taiwan stations, some of which operate with over 200 kW of power, may be heard on a similar night-to-night basis. Many of these stations are also
182:
radio stations have a normal reception range of about 20 to 250 miles (32 to 400+ km), depending on the transmitter power, location, and the quality of the receiving equipment, including the amount of man-made and natural
465:
have become more popular for mediumwave DX. Radios like the
Microtelecom Perseus and the Elad FDM-S2 can record the entire mediumwave band to a computer hard drive, which can then be played back and tuned later.
500:
with specialized logging software or simply a paper notebook is used to write logs. Recording devices can be used to archive memorable DX moments, or identify hard-to-hear station receptions after the fact.
400:
While any radio covering the mediumwave (AM radio) band can be used for DX purposes, serious DXers generally invest in a higher-quality receiver, and often a specialised indoor tuned box loop or outdoor
408:
At the lower end of the spectrum, a portable radio with a larger-than-normal internal ferrite core antenna designed for long-distance AM radio reception may be used, such as the discontinued
649:
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2024:
1996:
1991:
1016:
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2018:
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DX stations evaporate from the dial as the sun rises. However, sunrise and sunset ("SRS" and "SSS") periods can provide interesting loggings.
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transmissions, requiring a receiver capable of demodulating such signals, or a computer loaded with special software coupled to the receiver.
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2003:
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also treaty allocated clear-channel stations, ensuring that there will be no interference or limited interference on the same frequency.
2008:
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146:(BCB) stations are the reception targets. However, the nature of the lower frequencies (530 – 1710 kHz) used by
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Stations in Europe often run higher power than
American stations, sometimes several hundreds of kilowatts.
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As the sun sets, the D layer weakens, allowing medium wave radio waves from such stations to bounce off the
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586:"First Two AM Expanded Band Applications Granted to Stations in Arvada, Colorado and Lake Oswego, Oregon"
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Although some distant listeners may rely on such stations for non-DX purposes, such as to hear a certain
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RF-2200. The Sony ICF-SW7600G and the newer GR model are also excellent for budget minded MW dxing.
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dial are spaced at 10 kHz intervals from 520 to 1710 kHz as prescribed since 1941 by the
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on 1100 kHz, all of which can be heard over much of the United States and Canada east of the
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more than 10 kW of power in the United States, has led to many DX'ers taking interest here.
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which can transmit with 50 kilowatts of power. Examples of stations in this category from the
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650:"Note | Hinweis | Nota | Let op | Nota | Serveur surchargé"
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DX reception of North
American stations has been observed on many occasions.
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broadcast stations, and therefore involves different receiving equipment,
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The Medium Wave Circle - The premier club for MW/LW radio enthusiasts
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may be employed, or in the alternative, one or more outdoor longwire
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present. Long-distance reception is normally impeded by the
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During the daytime, medium and high-powered mediumwave
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radio stations is very much different from that of the
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More serious DXers may spend much more for a tabletop
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430:frequencies using an external antenna, such as the
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
730:- from the New Zealand Radio DX League (archived)
614:"Anyone doing MW DX with SDR, what's your setup?"
221:In the United States and Canada, stations on the
227:North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement
1010:
759:
489:attenuation device, or a radio with built-in
8:
2025:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
734:MW Arctic DX Weblog from Kongsfjord, Norway
469:With any such receiver, a high-performance
2061:
1017:
1003:
995:
784:
766:
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744:
682:- The Bible of International Broadcasting
546:List of European medium wave transmitters
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
714:worldwide database of MW and LW stations
577:
138:) radio stations. MW DX is similar to
693:- News, reports, sound files and logs
377:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
302:, 880 kHz in New York City, and
7:
2071:
128:, is the hobby of receiving distant
44:adding citations to reliable sources
739:International Radio Club of America
426:with good performance on the lower
14:
591:Federal Communications Commission
2070:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2039:
1660:Free-space optical communication
978:
20:
485:of multiple Beverage antennas.
454:and even home-made models from
31:needs additional citations for
282:from Toronto on 860 kHz,
240:List of clear-channel stations
1:
2046:Telecommunication portal
1827:Telecommunications equipment
412:Superadio, CC Radio, or the
246:in Chicago on 890 kHz,
170:, and reception techniques.
2097:Radio frequency propagation
1563:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
229:. The tremendous number of
2118:
1267:Telecommunications history
2034:
1875:Public Switched Telephone
1687:telecommunication circuit
1648:Fiber-optic communication
1393:Francis Blake (telephone)
1188:Optical telecommunication
974:
782:
728:NZRDXL MW DX Introduction
491:digital signal processing
446:R-30. Various models by
199:F layer of the ionosphere
192:D layer of the ionosphere
1786:Orbital angular-momentum
1223:Satellite communications
1062:Communications satellite
375:590 kHz (both from
360:in Europe have taken to
1665:Molecular communication
1488:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1317:Undersea telegraph line
1052:Cable protection system
680:World Radio TV Handbook
628:"Perseus SDR Home Page"
463:software-defined radios
424:communications receiver
210:on the listening side.
1807:Communication protocol
1593:Charles Sumner Tainter
1408:Walter Houser Brattain
1353:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1161:Information revolution
390:clear-channel stations
362:Digital Radio Mondiale
236:clear-channel stations
217:MW DX in North America
1781:Polarization-division
1513:Narinder Singh Kapany
1478:Erna Schneider Hoover
1398:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1378:Alexander Graham Bell
1109:online video platform
521:Clear-channel station
1623:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1583:Almon Brown Strowger
1553:Charles Grafton Page
1208:Prepaid mobile phone
1136:Electrical telegraph
594:. September 26, 1997
40:improve this article
1573:Johann Philipp Reis
1332:Wireless revolution
1294:The Telephone Cases
1151:Hydraulic telegraph
702:National Radio Club
458:have been popular.
1771:Frequency-division
1748:Telephone exchange
1618:Charles Wheatstone
1548:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1523:Innocenzo Manzetti
1458:Reginald Fessenden
1193:Optical telegraphy
1026:Telecommunications
718:AMANDX Radio Pages
254:on 1120 kHz,
234:two countries are
2084:
2083:
1822:Store and forward
1817:Data transmission
1731:Network switching
1682:Transmission line
1528:Guglielmo Marconi
1493:Internet pioneers
1358:Mohamed M. Atalla
1327:Whistled language
992:
991:
969:
968:
556:Radio propagation
498:personal computer
476:Beverage antennas
461:In recent years,
371:930 kHz and
298:on 700 kHz,
290:on 770 kHz,
278:on 870 kHz,
270:on 830 kHz,
262:on 750 kHz,
168:radio propagation
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1915:Notable networks
1905:Wireless network
1845:Cellular network
1837:Types of network
1812:Computer network
1699:Network topology
1613:Thomas A. Watson
1468:Oliver Heaviside
1453:Philo Farnsworth
1428:Daniel Davis Jr.
1403:Charles Bourseul
1363:John Logie Baird
1072:Data compression
1067:Computer network
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985:Radio portal
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656:. Archived from
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634:. Archived from
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526:DX communication
403:longwire antenna
340:AM expanded band
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1388:Tim Berners-Lee
1336:
1156:Information Age
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707:Mediumwave Info
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654:ecom.eladit.com
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616:. 19 June 2013.
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511:AM broadcasting
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312:Rocky Mountains
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185:electromagnetic
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132:(also known as
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669:External links
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660:on 2014-05-26.
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638:on 2008-05-05.
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316:Border blaster
231:radio stations
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144:broadcast band
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96:September 2015
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1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:and switching
1700:
1696:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:optical fiber
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Coaxial cable
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Radia Perlman
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Lee de Forest
1446:
1444:
1443:Thomas Edison
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Donald Davies
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Claude Chappe
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Smoke signals
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:Semiconductor
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:Digital media
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
1000:
997:
987:
986:
973:
964:
963:3 THz/0.1 mm
959:
958:
952:
949:
948:300 GHz/1 mm
944:
943:
937:
934:
933:30 GHz/10 mm
931:3 GHz/100 mm
929:
928:
922:
919:
918:3 GHz/100 mm
914:
913:
907:
904:
899:
898:
892:
889:
886:3 MHz/100 m
884:
883:
877:
874:
869:
868:
862:
859:
858:300 kHz/1 km
854:
853:
847:
844:
843:30 kHz/10 km
841:3 kHz/100 km
839:
838:
832:
829:
828:3 kHz/100 km
824:
823:
817:
814:
809:
808:
802:
799:
796:3 Hz/100 Mm
794:
793:
787:
786:
781:
776:
769:
764:
762:
757:
755:
750:
749:
746:
740:
737:
735:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
692:
689:
687:
684:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
668:
659:
655:
651:
645:
642:
637:
633:
629:
623:
620:
615:
609:
606:
598:September 15,
593:
592:
587:
581:
578:
571:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
502:
499:
494:
492:
486:
484:
483:
482:phased arrays
478:
477:
472:
467:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
448:Hallicrafters
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
417:
415:
411:
406:
404:
395:
393:
391:
383:MW DX in Asia
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
350:
348:
345:
341:
336:
332:
330:
325:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:New York City
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
228:
224:
216:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
186:
181:
173:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
124:
120:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1758:Multiplexing
1633:Transmission
1598:Nikola Tesla
1588:Henry Sutton
1543:Samuel Morse
1473:Robert Hooke
1438:Amos Dolbear
1373:John Bardeen
1292:
1272:Telautograph
1176:Mobile phone
1131:Edholm's law
1114:social media
1047:Broadcasting
976:
955:
954:
940:
939:
925:
924:
910:
909:
903:300 MHz/1 m
895:
894:
888:30 MHz/10 m
880:
879:
873:3 MHz/100 m
865:
864:
850:
849:
835:
834:
820:
819:
813:300 Hz/1 Mm
805:
804:
798:30 Hz/10 Mm
790:
789:
723:DXMidAmerica
697:Hard Core DX
658:the original
653:
644:
636:the original
631:
622:
608:
596:. Retrieved
589:
580:
495:
487:
480:
474:
471:loop antenna
468:
460:
438:R8/R8A/R8B,
418:
407:
399:
386:
366:
354:
337:
333:
329:high schools
321:
220:
212:
208:
196:
177:
140:TV and FM DX
133:
121:, short for
118:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1958:NPL network
1670:Radio waves
1608:Alfred Vail
1518:Hedy Lamarr
1503:Dawon Kahng
1463:Elisha Gray
1423:Yogen Dalal
1348:Nasir Ahmed
1282:Teleprinter
1146:Heliographs
551:Medium wave
357:Synchronous
276:New Orleans
268:Minneapolis
174:Propagation
2091:Categories
2004:Antarctica
1963:Toasternet
1885:Television
1368:Paul Baran
1300:Television
1284:(teletype)
1277:Telegraphy
1255:transistor
1233:Phryctoria
1203:Photophone
1181:Smartphone
1171:Mass media
691:DXing.info
572:References
536:Ionosphere
531:DX station
452:Hammarlund
428:mediumwave
296:Cincinnati
223:mediumwave
148:mediumwave
130:mediumwave
123:mediumwave
66:newspapers
1988:Americas
1977:Locations
1948:Internet2
1709:Bandwidth
1413:Vint Cerf
1310:streaming
1288:Telephone
1228:Semaphore
1119:streaming
442:R-75, or
421:shortwave
414:Panasonic
396:Equipment
344:microwave
324:talk show
308:Cleveland
252:St. Louis
2056:Category
1943:Internet
1933:CYCLADES
1850:Ethernet
1800:Concepts
1724:terminal
1675:wireless
1498:Bob Kahn
1341:Pioneers
1166:Internet
1057:Cable TV
566:TV-FM DX
505:See also
456:Heathkit
142:in that
2076:Commons
2066:Outline
2019:Oceania
1938:FidoNet
1923:ARPANET
1736:circuit
1305:digital
1034:History
541:Skywave
444:Palstar
434:7030+,
260:Atlanta
80:scholar
55:"MW DX"
2014:Europe
1984:Africa
1968:Usenet
1928:BITNET
1865:Mobile
1741:packet
1250:MOSFET
1245:device
1042:Beacon
712:MWLIST
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1997:South
1992:North
1953:JANET
1890:Telex
1880:Radio
1719:Nodes
1714:Links
1635:media
1213:Radio
1198:Pager
1126:Drums
1092:video
1087:image
1077:audio
777:(ITU)
436:Drake
242:are:
188:noise
126:DXing
119:MW DX
87:JSTOR
73:books
2009:Asia
1895:UUCP
1855:ISDN
600:2024
440:Icom
373:VOCM
369:CJYQ
338:The
304:WTAM
300:WHSQ
284:WABC
280:CJBC
264:WCCO
248:KMOX
162:and
154:and
59:news
1900:WAN
1870:NGN
1860:LAN
1141:Fax
1082:DCT
957:THF
942:EHF
927:SHF
912:UHF
897:VHF
837:VLF
822:ULF
807:SLF
792:ELF
432:AOR
306:in
294:in
292:WLW
286:in
274:in
272:WWL
266:in
258:in
256:WSB
250:in
244:WLS
156:UHF
152:VHF
42:by
2093::
882:HF
867:MF
852:LF
652:.
630:.
588:.
496:A
450:,
410:GE
405:.
331:.
180:AM
164:TV
160:FM
135:AM
2027:)
2023:(
1018:e
1011:t
1004:v
767:e
760:t
753:v
602:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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