4932:
899:
926:
3207:
1007:
995:
6191:
2494:
5174:
185:
969:
934:
143:
6316:
961:
2680:
36:
2905:
891:
2741:
2665:
The second language commission worked in March 1945. It includes
Vojislav Ilic, Vasil Iloski, Blaze Koneski, Venko Markovski, Mirko Pavlovski and Krum Toshev. Radovan Zagovic and Milovan Djilas from Belgrade intervened in the commission's work. Previously, the activists of the YCP asked for support
2472:
ASNOM rejected the first committee's recommendations, and formed a second committee, whose recommendations were accepted. The (second) committees' recommendations were strongly influenced by the
Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (28 of the Macedonian alphabet's 31 letters are common to both Macedonian and
2287:
The latter half of the 19th century saw increasing literacy and political activity amongst speakers of
Macedonian dialects, and an increasing number of documents were written in the dialects. At the time, transcriptions of Macedonian used Cyrillic with adaptations drawing from Old Church Slavonic,
2265:
many
Christians from Macedonia supported the struggle for creation of Bulgarian cultural, educational and religious institutions, including Bulgarian schools that used the version of Cyrillic adopted by other Bulgarians. The majority of the intellectual and political leaders of the Macedonian
2749:
With the rejection of the first committee's draft alphabet, ASNOM convened a new committee with five members from the first committee and five new members. Vasil Iloski, Blazhe
Koneski, Venko Markovski, Mirko Pavlovski and Krum Toshev remained from the old commission. The new members were
2657:-dialects would more rapidly adapt to the standard dialect. On the other hand, opponents of Koneski indicatеd that this phoneme is distributed among the western Macedonian dialects too and a letter Ъ should be included in the standardized at that time literary language.
2625:
ASNOM rejected the first committee's recommendations, and convened a second committee. Although no official reason was provided, several reasons are supposed for the rejection of the first committee's recommendation, including internal disagreement over the inclusion of
2652:
objected to the inclusion of the Big Yer on the basis that since there was no Big Yer in the literary language (not yet standardized), there was no need for it to be represented in the alphabet. By excluding it from the alphabet, speakers of
2260:
from the mid-19th century coincided with Slavic resistance to the use of Greek in
Orthodox churches and schools, and a resistance amongst Macedonian Slavs to the introduction of standard Bulgarian in Vardar Macedonia. During the period of
3261:
Alexander
Maxwell, Slavic Macedonian Nationalism: From "Regional" to "Ethnic"', p. 146; in Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Part 1. with Klaus Roth and Ulf Brunnbauer as ed., LIT, Münster, 2008.
2744:
Official government decree enacting the
Macedonian alphabet in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, May 16, 1945. Note the hand-written Ѕ, Ј and Џ in the typewritten line, and the hand-written diacritics added to create Ѓ and
2666:
from the USSR and the BCP on the occasion of the new convened commission, whose task was predetermined - to adopt a new alphabet based on the
Serbian alphabet. The second commission borrowed almost entirely the Serbian.
7381:
1322:
5611:
986:
not found in neighbouring languages. The committees charged with drafting the
Macedonian alphabet decided on phonemic principle with a one-to-one match between letters and distinctive sounds.
2346:" (1892, 1897) folklore materials from Macedonia. Cepenkov used a version of Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet with his own adaptations for some of the local Macedonian dialects. He did not use
1736:
2883:" Macedonian, while those in favor of including the Big Yer (Ъ) were accused of "Bulgarianizing" Macedonian. Regardless of those claims, the new alphabet was officially adopted in the
2171:) was likely adopted from the Serbian alphabet and used by Gjorgjija Pulevski in four of his works, as well as by the Secret Macedonian Committee and Dimitar Mirčev. Misirkov used the
7386:
6179:
5016:
3285:
3557:
Kiselinovski, Stojan. (2017). Historical Roots of the Macedonian Language Codification. Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne. 24. 10.4467/2543733XSSB.16.009.6251.
2442:). However, some books in Macedonian dialects were published in Bulgaria, some texts in Macedonian dialect were published in Yugoslavia in the 1920s and 1930s as well.
7286:
5668:
5375:
4948:
3626:
2560:
as the basis for the literary language (as Misirkov had in 1903), and proposed a Cyrillic alphabet. The first committee's recommendation was for the alphabet to use
6113:
2431:) and occasionally of Bulgaria, and standard Serbian and Bulgarian were the official languages. The Serbian and Bulgarian authorities considered Macedonian to be a
6157:
6304:
5049:
4809:
925:
5809:
5579:
3488:Иванов, Костадин. Ролята на списание "Луч" в национално-освободителната борба на българите във Вардарска Македония, Македонски преглед, бр.2, 2008, с. 25-51.
1729:
5832:
6440:
6172:
5693:
5673:
5011:
3378:"A Collection of folklore, science and literature", Book VIII (1892), Book XIV (1897), issue of the Ministry of Public Education, Sofia, in the form of
6103:
5927:
2068:(by Gjorgjija Pulevski in his "Dictionary of four languages" and "Dictionary of three languages", and by Temko Popov in his article "Who is guilty?")
5511:
3583:
3425:
The first philological conference for the establishment of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences
2774:
led to an equal number of votes, but it was removed. On May 3, 1945, the second committee presented its recommendations, which were accepted by the
2451:
5739:
3539:
1722:
7281:
5842:
3234:
4787:
6165:
5937:
5621:
6282:
5855:
5754:
5368:
4712:
3619:
2701:
53:
415:
Before standardization, the language had been written in a variety of different versions of Cyrillic by different writers, influenced by
6093:
5961:
3401:", Victor A Friedman, in "Language Contact – Language Conflict", edited Eran Fraenkel and Christina Kramer, Balkan Studies, Vol 1., p76.
7141:
5534:
6297:
6098:
6088:
5601:
5304:
5006:
4991:
4953:
4900:
2438:
1169:
7159:
5837:
5819:
5759:
5734:
5042:
4802:
3282:
2944:
2727:
2648:, according to some opinions the western dialects – on which the literary language is based – do not.
2544:
The first committee met from November 27, 1944 to December 4, 1944, and was composed of prominent Macedonian academics and writers (
119:
2884:
2266:
Bulgarians used this version of the Cyrillic script, which was also changed in the 19th and early 20th century. At the end of 1879
1248:
1178:
100:
5917:
5253:
4965:
1461:
424:
72:
6514:
6457:
6043:
5983:
5973:
5860:
5794:
5633:
5626:
5361:
3895:
3612:
3206:
2455:
2010:
1521:
470:
347:
329:
3568:
The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences
3521:
The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences
3508:
The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences
3440:", Victor A Friedman, in "Language in the Former Yugoslav Lands", edited by Ranko Bugarski and Celia Hawkesworth (2004), p201.
3343:
The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences
3330:
The first philological conference of the Macedonian alphabet and Macedonian literary language: Its precedents and consequences
1163:
6433:
5912:
5865:
3680:
3267:
2705:
57:
4931:
79:
6290:
6108:
6073:
5703:
5139:
3670:
3650:
2775:
1140:
5586:
2926:
2915:
1272:
1267:
1202:
1197:
7376:
7276:
6195:
6010:
5993:
5978:
5947:
5814:
5799:
5717:
5656:
5606:
5182:
5035:
4960:
4795:
4696:
3665:
1470:
7391:
7371:
7271:
6899:
6466:
6083:
6015:
5804:
5778:
5764:
5420:
5069:
4970:
4505:
3844:
2780:
2059:
1832:
1456:
7306:
6744:
5089:
2690:
86:
6132:
6030:
5988:
5942:
5900:
5744:
5596:
5556:
5459:
5442:
5437:
5402:
5393:
4910:
4893:
3685:
3660:
3599:
3224:
2262:
1954:
1093:
397:
371:
4527:
2709:
2694:
2634:, as used in Bulgarian), and the view that its inclusion made the alphabet "too close" to the Bulgarian alphabet.
1174:
1154:
46:
7063:
6426:
6240:
6048:
6005:
5932:
5872:
5283:
5228:
4635:
4170:
4038:
3973:
3305:
2816:
2792:
2565:
1901:
1843:
in his article "Who is guilty?". The following year, the committee published the "Macedonian primer" (written by
1791:
1608:
1569:
428:
242:
5268:
898:
68:
7103:
6271:
6141:
6078:
6020:
5882:
5688:
5683:
5309:
5123:
4996:
4080:
2922:
2246:
2238:
Until the modern era, Macedonian was predominantly a spoken language, with no standardized written form of the
1705:
1259:
1189:
7164:
7081:
7009:
6800:
6757:
6473:
6063:
5877:
5475:
5278:
4753:
4596:
4043:
3882:
3702:
3690:
3675:
3427:", Victor A Friedman, in "The Earliest Stages of Language Planning", edited by Joshua A Fishman, 1993, p163.
3309:
2849:
2806:
2589:
2579:
2198:
1942:
1692:
1603:
1414:
1107:
416:
238:
3000:
1159:
7001:
6934:
6929:
6894:
6853:
6656:
6624:
6407:
6146:
5661:
5638:
5529:
5524:
5470:
5058:
4940:
4876:
4844:
4758:
4701:
4660:
4335:
4158:
3945:
3907:
2168:
2111:
2107:
2077:
2016:
1977:
1938:
1797:
1783:
1449:
1021:
879:
875:
848:
837:
826:
815:
804:
793:
782:
771:
760:
738:
727:
716:
705:
694:
683:
672:
661:
650:
646:
635:
624:
602:
591:
580:
569:
558:
547:
536:
525:
514:
503:
492:
343:
339:
325:
7194:
7148:
7073:
7051:
6966:
6955:
6763:
6735:
6714:
6525:
6480:
6068:
6058:
5678:
5207:
5084:
4905:
4871:
4866:
4776:
4467:
4258:
4070:
3812:
3774:
3754:
3749:
3533:Кочев, Иван и Иван Александров. Документи по съчиняването на т.нар. македонски книжовен език, София 1993
3145:
3076:
2535:
2428:
2202:
are not regarded as separate letters, nor are they accented to signify a different pronunciation (as in
2172:
1225:
5212:
3536:
3122:
3028:
2751:
2523:
2267:
469:
The following table provides the upper and lower case forms of the Macedonian alphabet, along with the
3252:
Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.
3102:
3070:
2759:
2531:
2114:) are ultimately from the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Historically, Macedonian writers have also used:
7210:
6704:
6674:
6633:
6553:
6320:
6038:
5544:
5449:
5202:
5159:
5154:
5094:
4861:
4768:
4668:
4325:
4240:
4130:
4048:
4030:
3917:
3165:
3109:
3048:
2519:
2503:
2427:
of 1912/13, and the end of the Second World War, today North Macedonia was part of Serbia (later the
2039:
1789:
1781:
1626:
1135:
1068:
218:
7311:
3414:", Victor A Friedman, in the International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1985, Vol. 52, p49.
3135:
2527:
1987:
1813:
7220:
7019:
6986:
6887:
6877:
6846:
6646:
6533:
6496:
6485:
6381:
6209:
5539:
5432:
5319:
5299:
5128:
5061:
4917:
4854:
4849:
4818:
4730:
4725:
4645:
4555:
4540:
4434:
4302:
4285:
4245:
4023:
3968:
3963:
3940:
3922:
3887:
3872:
3779:
3767:
3739:
3734:
3115:
2763:
1990:
was most likely the first writer to use this letter in print prior to the standardization of 1944.
1687:
1650:
1490:
1442:
1390:
1220:
443:
362:
358:
232:
223:
200:
3604:
3042:
2511:
1844:
6882:
6819:
6794:
6641:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6562:
6364:
6359:
6230:
6053:
5499:
5335:
5001:
4986:
4839:
4720:
4413:
4400:
4253:
4075:
4055:
4008:
3985:
3877:
3867:
3744:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3639:
3383:
3229:
3219:
2055:
2033:
1870:
1866:
1616:
1529:
1475:
1422:
1409:
1403:
1241:
393:
389:
93:
7296:
3155:
3128:
3062:
2507:
2493:
1006:
994:
405:
2863:
The rejection of the Ъ (Big Yer), together with the adoption of four Serbian Cyrillic letters (
1848:
7331:
7321:
7182:
7098:
7036:
6939:
6921:
6904:
6861:
6835:
6781:
6776:
6699:
6664:
6583:
6506:
6374:
6334:
6214:
5410:
5339:
4921:
4678:
4673:
4588:
4275:
4265:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4105:
4092:
3990:
3912:
3859:
3849:
3834:
3817:
3729:
3263:
2458:, the Yugoslav authorities recognized a distinct Macedonian ethnic identity and language. The
2126:(used by Gjorgjija Pulevski and in the "Macedonian primer" of the Secret Macedonian Committee)
1962:
1485:
1350:
1146:
1121:
1063:
3461:), Марковски, В., Илинден, София 1940, 16 с., Марковски, В., Лулкина песна, София 1939, 40 с.
7316:
7252:
7056:
6770:
6721:
6709:
6694:
6573:
6568:
6449:
6255:
6250:
6235:
5922:
5698:
5574:
5487:
5482:
5273:
5197:
5173:
5112:
4888:
4601:
4578:
4517:
4512:
4483:
4457:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4330:
4317:
4307:
4232:
4192:
4138:
4115:
4100:
4065:
4060:
4018:
3955:
3932:
3802:
3789:
3762:
3083:
3020:
2649:
2271:
1958:
1676:
1660:
1631:
1343:
1336:
1127:
1113:
1079:
1074:
1058:
871:
420:
308:
7134:
7093:
7086:
6840:
6830:
6805:
6788:
6578:
6546:
6501:
6491:
6386:
6245:
6190:
5648:
5591:
5425:
5384:
4745:
4688:
4650:
4624:
4620:
4500:
4488:
4475:
4447:
4442:
4423:
4418:
4360:
4340:
4290:
4280:
4148:
4110:
4003:
3827:
3807:
3797:
3543:
3289:
3198:
3192:
3096:
3034:
3014:
2888:
2842:
2827:
2602:
2515:
2203:
1900:
respectively, based on phonetic similarity. This corresponds to the alphabet positions of
1655:
1386:
458:
382:
190:
7336:
4495:
3978:
2435:
of Serbian or Bulgarian respectively, and according to some authors proscribed its use. (
3379:
968:
7351:
7326:
7119:
7041:
7031:
6974:
6752:
6689:
6592:
6391:
6369:
5519:
5494:
5343:
5314:
5233:
5144:
4573:
4535:
4452:
4408:
4385:
4365:
4295:
4270:
4120:
3900:
3822:
2880:
2339:
2257:
2051:
2043:
1862:
1769:
1355:
1041:
844:
822:
811:
800:
565:
453:
448:
409:
228:
1919:) is analogous to Serbo-Croatian "шећер/šećer"), but they are phonetically different.
937:
Alternate variants of lowercase Cyrillic letters: Б/б, Д/д, Г/г, И/и, П/п, Т/т, Ш/ш.
7365:
7301:
7291:
6991:
6867:
6612:
6538:
6342:
6338:
5998:
5749:
5149:
5118:
4568:
4545:
4390:
4163:
4143:
3839:
3535:. Regarding the distribution of phoneme schwa in the western Macedonian dialects see
3089:
3056:
3006:
2864:
2795:
2755:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2568:
2499:
2365:
2352:
2300:
2295:" (1903). Misirkov used the Cyrillic script with several adaptations for Macedonian:
2208:
2192:
2073:
2065:
2021:
2004:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
789:
756:
734:
723:
712:
679:
668:
642:
631:
620:
576:
554:
532:
521:
510:
499:
301:
3450:
2605:'s versions of Љ, Њ, Ќ and Ѓ (which contained a small circle in the bottom-right of
6909:
6683:
5239:
5134:
4735:
4563:
2549:
2416:
2214:
1965:
in the 1860s, and the letter Ѕ was abolished in Russian in the early 18th century.
1534:
1254:
1184:
933:
778:
701:
598:
488:
17:
2740:
142:
3399:
Language Policy and Language Behavior in Macedonia: Background and Current Events
3355:
7238:
7225:
5551:
4640:
4187:
3635:
3301:
2679:
2424:
1828:
35:
2291:
Early attempts to formalize written Macedonian included Krste Misirkov's book "
960:
7175:
7154:
7046:
5566:
3459:
3453:
2767:
2239:
1427:
1100:
915:
911:
1976:
and is not analogous to ДЗ, which is also used in Macedonian orthography for
7200:
7026:
7014:
5415:
4612:
3470:Друговац, Миодраг. Историја на македонската книжевност, Скопје 1990, с. 194.
3456:
3315:
2219:
1946:
1553:
1301:
1235:
1213:
267:
5353:
3532:
3479:Друговац, Миодраг. Историја на македонската книжевност, Скопје 1990, с. 92.
902:
The word Македонија ("Macedonia") in Macedonian, written in cursive script.
475:
906:
The above table contains the printed form of the Macedonian alphabet; the
890:
388:
The Macedonian alphabet was standardized in 1945 by a committee formed in
7245:
7169:
7127:
5027:
4153:
1801:
749:
613:
481:
335:
161:
3308:
in 1872, Old Church Slavonic and Greek were the liturgical languages of
954: Alternate Serbian/Macedonian (Southern) italic forms on the right.
385:, as well as language-specific conventions of spelling and punctuation.
7232:
7188:
6315:
5729:
4182:
3312:
in Macedonia, and therefore had higher status than the local dialects (
2638:
2432:
2250:
2242:
2029:
2013:
1973:
1912:
1671:
1306:
1296:
983:
907:
401:
283:
2360:
in the final position of masculine nouns. Other adaptations included:
1911:
respectively. These letters often correspond to Macedonian Ѓ and Ќ in
6979:
4630:
4175:
2557:
2553:
2270:
published the 'Alphabet Book for Serbo-Macedonian Primary Schools' (
1961:
also had a letter Ѕ, although Romanian Cyrillic was replaced with a
6418:
2222:, so as to differentiate between them (for example, "сѐ се фаќа" –
3455:), Марковски, Венко, Луня. Македонска лирика, София 1940, 160 с. (
2739:
2654:
2641:
2596:
2492:
2459:
2371:
2288:
Serbian and Bulgarian, depending on the preference of the writer.
1005:
993:
932:
897:
889:
2469:) formed a committee to standardize Macedonian and its alphabet.
2025:
in the modern Macedonian alphabet) was represented variously as:
1323:
Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian
2868:
2799:
2572:
2497:
The first committee meeting, November 1944. From left to right:
2406:
2164:
2158:
2093:
2089:
1908:
948: Alternate Bulgarian (Western) upright forms in the middle.
833:
6422:
6286:
6161:
5357:
5031:
4791:
3608:
3537:
Stoykov, Stoyko. Bulgarian dialectology, Sofia 2002, p. 177-179
2898:
2876:
2872:
2856:
2852:
2838:
2834:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2673:
2645:
2631:
2627:
2592:
2582:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2460:
Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia
2412:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2357:
2347:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2103:
2099:
1934:
1928:
1904:
1821:
1817:
1759:
1755:
866:
860:
767:
690:
657:
587:
543:
29:
2450:
At the end of WWII this territory was incorporation into the
3449:Марковски, Венко. Огинот, Стихотворения, София 1938, 39 с. (
2338:
Another example is from Bulgarian folklorist from Macedonia
967:
959:
924:
929:
The Macedonian alphabet, rendered in a cursive script style
7382:
1945 establishments in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia
3283:
The Macedonian Language in the Balkan Language Environment
2218:
topped with an accent when they stand in words that have
1950:
2253:, and were therefore considered the 'formal languages'.
920:
letter order and layout below corresponds to table above
910:
is significantly different, and is illustrated below in
376:
2206:, for example). Rather, they are the standard letters
2925:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
1953:, the two letters are not directly related. Both the
2989:* denotes member also served on the second committee
334:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
7262:
7209:
7118:
7072:
7000:
6965:
6954:
6920:
6818:
6743:
6734:
6673:
6655:
6632:
6623:
6524:
6456:
6400:
6352:
6327:
6264:
6223:
6202:
6029:
5960:
5899:
5777:
5716:
5647:
5565:
5510:
5458:
5401:
5392:
5292:
5261:
5252:
5221:
5190:
5181:
5103:
5077:
5068:
4979:
4939:
4832:
4767:
4744:
4710:
4687:
4659:
4610:
4587:
4554:
4526:
4466:
4432:
4399:
4316:
4231:
4201:
4129:
4091:
3954:
3931:
3858:
3788:
3710:
3701:
3278:
3276:
2994:* denotes member also served on the first committee
2891:and among Macedonian communities around the world.
2467:, effectively the Macedonian provisional government
1884:Despite their forms, Ѓ and Ќ are ordered not after
299:
289:
282:
266:
261:
211:
206:
196:
178:
168:
156:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5342:and as a subdialect of Bulgarian, Macedonian, and
2245:. Formal written communication was usually in the
942: Default Russian (Eastern) forms on the left.
858:In addition to the standard sounds of the letters
4822:
3584:"Кодификација на македонскиот литературен јазик"
2956:
2473:Serbian, the letters unique to Macedonian being
2344:A Collection of folklore, science and literature
2062:and by members of the "Vinegrover" movement); or
348:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
5338:. Considered to be a part of the transitional
2637:While some Macedonian dialects contain a clear
361:includes an alphabet consisting of 31 letters (
7387:Writing systems introduced in the 20th century
2879:), led to accusations that the committee was "
1941:, is based on Dzělo, the eighth letter of the
6434:
6298:
6173:
5369:
5043:
4803:
3620:
3570:", Victor A. Friedman (1993), pages 166, 170.
2279:
1730:
8:
5689:2016 Macedonian protests-Colorful Revolution
2058:'s works, in the "Macedonian primer" by the
151:"Macedonian alphabet" in Macedonian language
3412:The Sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian
2708:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2148:(used by Krste Misirkov and Dimitar Mirčev)
6962:
6740:
6629:
6441:
6427:
6419:
6305:
6291:
6283:
6180:
6166:
6158:
5966:
5905:
5787:
5783:
5722:
5694:2017 storming of the Macedonian Parliament
5674:2014 Macedonian government building attack
5398:
5376:
5362:
5354:
5258:
5187:
5074:
5050:
5036:
5028:
4810:
4796:
4788:
3707:
3627:
3613:
3605:
2446:Standardization of the Macedonian Alphabet
2226:, "everything is touchable"; "и ѝ рече" –
1824:were adopted for the Macedonian alphabet.
1737:
1723:
1589:
1510:
1380:
1034:
1017:
3600:Hear the sounds of the Macedonian letters
3438:Language Planning in Macedonia and Kosovo
3345:", Victor A. Friedman (1993), pages 162-3
2945:Learn how and when to remove this message
2728:Learn how and when to remove this message
2617:, and a small circle in the top-right of
2284:) written on "Serbo-Macedonian dialect".
2249:or in Greek, which were the languages of
1915:(for example, Macedonian "шеќер" (šeḱer,
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Writing system of the Macedonian language
2921:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2452:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
3586:, Дневник, 1339, сабота, 18 март 2006.
3332:", Victor A. Friedman (1993), pages 162
3245:
2958:
2548:). The committee chose the dialects of
2485:), and by the works of Krste Misirkov.
2281:Bukvar za srbo-makedonske osnovne škole
2276:Буквар за србо-македонске основне школе
1968:Although Ѕ is generally transcribed as
1796:, which are unique to Macedonian among
1020:
894:The letters of the Macedonian alphabet.
7282:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
3235:Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic
3201:for personal computers is as follows:
2887:on May 16, 1945, and is still used in
2826:, which were similar in appearance to
2787:The committee's recommendations were:
2770:. Voting to keep or remove the letter
2234:Development of the Macedonian alphabet
131:
3497:Рацин, Кочо, Бели мугри, Загреб, 1939
1994:Letters analogous to Serbian Cyrillic
7:
2706:adding citations to reliable sources
2342:who published in two issues of the "
1804:"Vardar", Misirkov used the letters
338:. For the distinction between ,
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3523:", Victor A. Friedman (1993), p171.
3510:", Victor A. Friedman (1993), p169.
1937:(S s), representing the sound
2439:History of the Macedonian language
25:
3357:Zbornik Matice srpske za istoriju
3193:Keyboard layout § Macedonian
2976:
1851:) which used the Serbian letters
381:), which is an adaptation of the
316:This language reads left to right
6314:
6189:
5172:
4930:
3205:
2903:
2778:that same day, and published in
2678:
2670:The Third Committee and adoption
183:
141:
34:
5627:Refugees of the Greek Civil War
2456:Socialist Republic of Macedonia
1522:Transitional Bulgarian dialects
330:International Phonetic Alphabet
45:needs additional citations for
7142:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
2885:People's Republic of Macedonia
2845:'s proposed letter forms); and
2009:Prior to standardization, the
1980:. Ѕ is sometimes described as
1:
5704:2022 North Macedonia protests
5334:Also considered a dialect of
2776:Communist Party of Yugoslavia
2356:instead, and did not use the
2054:, Dimitar Mirčev, in four of
400:. The alphabet used the same
7277:Slavic second palatalization
6196:Languages of North Macedonia
5607:Independent Macedonia (1944)
1517:Serbian–Bulgarian–Macedonian
323: This article contains
7272:Slavic first palatalization
4496:Ethiopian Semitic languages
2644:and used a Bulgarian-style
2060:Secret Macedonian Committee
1833:Secret Macedonian Committee
982:Macedonian has a number of
377:
7408:
5669:2012 inter-ethnic violence
5305:Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop
3896:Phonology & ortography
3360:. Матица. 1992. p. 55
3225:Romanization of Macedonian
3190:
2992:
2987:denotes civilian appointee
2982:denotes military appointee
2977:
2784:, the official newspaper.
2263:Bulgarian National Revival
2230:, "and he/she told her").
2167:(representing the phoneme
2156:
2087:
2076:was selected to represent
2002:
1955:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
1926:
1780:to represent the phonemes
1753:
309:Cyrillic (U+0400...U+04FF)
7345:
7064:Slavic dialects of Greece
6126:
5969:
5908:
5851:
5828:
5790:
5786:
5725:
5622:National Liberation Front
5602:War in Yugoslav Macedonia
5332:
5170:
4949:Geographical distribution
4928:
4823:
3646:
3306:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
3174:
2833:creation and adoption of
2374:(where Шт is used today);
2275:
1816:in his book. Eventually,
1570:Slavic dialects of Greece
746:
610:
478:
396:took power at the end of
366:
321:
314:
243:Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
140:
6272:Macedonian Sign Language
5833:Administrative divisions
5684:2015 Macedonian protests
4997:Macedonian Sign Language
3197:The standard Macedonian
2247:Church Slavonic language
1706:Banat Bulgarian alphabet
874:these letters represent
2036:in "Macedonian fairy");
1943:early Cyrillic alphabet
473:value for each letter:
404:principles employed by
357:The orthography of the
326:phonetic transcriptions
278:, Cyrillic
239:Early Cyrillic alphabet
6408:Albanian Sign Language
5639:1963 Skopje earthquake
5612:Anti-Fascist Assembly
2746:
2541:
2280:
1798:South Slavic languages
1772:used the combinations
1022:South Slavic languages
1015:
1003:
974:
972:
964:
930:
903:
895:
7195:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
5699:2018 Prespa agreement
5679:2015 Kumanovo clashes
3979:Classical orthography
3813:Standard Written Form
3001:Epaminonda Popandonov
2743:
2496:
2429:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
2293:On Macedonian Matters
2190:The accented letters
2137:(used by Temko Popov)
2048:On Macedonian Matters
1766:On Macedonian Matters
1507:Transitional dialects
1141:Eastern Herzegovinian
1009:
997:
971:
963:
936:
928:
901:
893:
69:"Macedonian alphabet"
6321:Languages of Albania
6114:World Heritage Sites
5740:Environmental issues
5580:Bulgarian occupation
5530:Macedonian awakening
4049:Montenegrin alphabet
3582:Стојан Киселиновски
2914:factual accuracy is
2830:'s proposed letters;
2702:improve this section
2661:The Second Committee
1859:for these phonemes.
1565:Bulgarian–Macedonian
1377:Eastern South Slavic
1249:Prizren–South Morava
1179:Prizren–South Morava
1031:Western South Slavic
219:Egyptian hieroglyphs
54:improve this article
7377:Macedonian language
7221:Pan-Slavic language
7020:Burgenland Croatian
6900:Marcho-Magdeburgian
6497:Old Church Slavonic
5843:Statistical regions
5557:Treaty of Bucharest
5525:Karposh's rebellion
5443:Macedonia Salutaris
5433:Kingdom of Dardania
4819:Macedonian language
3310:Orthodox Christians
3179:: Victor A Friedman
2850:Old Church Slavonic
2807:Old Church Slavonic
2590:Old Church Slavonic
2580:Old Church Slavonic
2489:The First Committee
2331:is used today); and
2256:The decline of the
1972:, it is a distinct
1935:Cyrillic letter Dze
1622:Macedonian Cyrillic
1491:Standard Macedonian
1010:Map of the phoneme
998:Map of the phoneme
978:Specialized letters
444:Phoenician alphabet
359:Macedonian language
248:Macedonian alphabet
233:Glagolitic alphabet
224:Phoenician alphabet
135:Macedonian alphabet
18:Macedonian Cyrillic
7392:1945 introductions
7372:Cyrillic alphabets
7307:Illič-Svityč's law
7287:Monophthongization
6795:Camaldolese Slovak
6608:Canadian Ukrainian
6474:Up to Proto-Slavic
6467:Proto-Balto-Slavic
6353:Minority languages
6224:Minority languages
5938:Telecommunications
5634:Socialist Republic
5421:Kingdom of Macedon
5002:Macedonian kinship
4992:Bible translations
4987:Macedonian studies
4911:Macedonian writers
3542:2010-02-09 at the
3288:2008-01-15 at the
3230:Macedonian braille
3220:Cyrillic alphabets
3146:Georgi Šoptrajanov
3123:Mihail Petruševski
3077:Kiro Hadži-Vasilev
2747:
2542:
2536:Georgi Šoptrajanov
2524:Mihail Petruševski
2334:ѕ (as used today).
2140:the combinations
2056:Gjorgjija Pulevski
2034:Gjorgjija Pulevski
1871:Parteniy Zografski
1867:Gjorgjija Pulevski
1835:used the digraphs
1617:Bulgarian Cyrillic
1549:Croatian–Slovenian
1170:Šumadija–Vojvodina
1054:Standard languages
1016:
1004:
975:
973:
965:
931:
904:
896:
390:Yugoslav Macedonia
7359:
7358:
7352:extinct languages
7183:Solombala English
7114:
7113:
7037:Prekmurje Slovene
6950:
6949:
6730:
6729:
6584:Doukhobor Russian
6507:Glagolitic script
6416:
6415:
6328:Official language
6280:
6279:
6203:Official language
6155:
6154:
6122:
6121:
5956:
5955:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5856:Foreign relations
5810:Political parties
5773:
5772:
5712:
5711:
5545:Kruševo Manifesto
5500:Kingdom of Prilep
5488:Theme of Bulgaria
5467:Bulgarian Empire
5351:
5350:
5328:
5327:
5248:
5247:
5229:Skopska Crna Gora
5168:
5167:
5124:Drimkol-Golo Brdo
5025:
5024:
4922:Spoken Macedonian
4785:
4784:
4227:
4226:
4076:Cyrillic alphabet
4039:Cyrillic alphabet
3969:Cyrillic alphabet
3818:Kernowek Standard
3640:world's languages
3184:
3183:
3180:
3029:Milka Balvanlieva
2995:
2990:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2895:Committee members
2752:Kiro Hadjivasilev
2738:
2737:
2730:
2538:, Jovan Kostovski
1747:
1746:
1712:
1711:
1577:
1576:
1498:
1497:
1486:Spoken Macedonian
1368:
1367:
1351:Prekmurje Slovene
1014:(Ѓ) in Macedonian
1002:(Ќ) in Macedonian
856:
855:
378:Makedonska azbuka
375:
367:Македонска азбука
355:
354:
148:Makedonska azbuka
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
7399:
7253:Slavonic-Serbian
7104:Cieszyn Silesian
6975:Carpathian Rusyn
6963:
6741:
6630:
6515:Modern languages
6450:Slavic languages
6443:
6436:
6429:
6420:
6319:
6318:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6284:
6241:Megleno-Romanian
6194:
6193:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6159:
6135:
6094:National symbols
5967:
5906:
5788:
5784:
5723:
5615:
5540:Kruševo Republic
5535:Ilinden Uprising
5483:Byzantine Empire
5399:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5355:
5310:Nestram-Kostenar
5259:
5188:
5176:
5075:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5029:
4934:
4826:
4825:
4824:македонски јазик
4812:
4805:
4798:
4789:
3708:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3606:
3589:
3571:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3530:
3524:
3517:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3462:
3447:
3441:
3434:
3428:
3421:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3384:.jpg photocopies
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3333:
3326:
3320:
3298:
3292:
3280:
3271:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3209:
3175:
3103:Ilija Topalovski
3071:Georgi Kiselinov
2993:
2978:
2966:Second Committee
2957:
2950:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2930:
2927:reliably sourced
2907:
2906:
2899:
2760:Iliya Topalovski
2733:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2682:
2674:
2532:Georgi Kiselinov
2283:
2277:
2186:Accented letters
2170:
2113:
2109:
2079:
2019:(represented by
2018:
1979:
1959:Russian alphabet
1940:
1795:
1787:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1677:Bosnian Cyrillic
1609:Serbian Cyrillic
1590:
1511:
1381:
1325:
1268:Svrljig–Zaplanje
1198:Svrljig–Zaplanje
1080:Slavonic-Serbian
1035:
1018:
953:
947:
941:
886:Cursive alphabet
882:, respectively.
881:
877:
850:
839:
828:
817:
806:
795:
784:
773:
762:
740:
729:
718:
707:
696:
685:
674:
663:
652:
648:
637:
626:
604:
593:
582:
571:
560:
549:
538:
527:
516:
505:
494:
476:
408:(1787–1864) and
380:
370:
368:
351:
345:
341:
277:
274:
189:
187:
186:
145:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
7407:
7406:
7402:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7362:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7341:
7264:
7258:
7212:
7205:
7135:Bohemian Romani
7120:Mixed languages
7110:
7087:Pannonian Rusyn
7068:
7010:Banat Bulgarian
6996:
6958:
6946:
6916:
6814:
6806:Pannonian Rusyn
6726:
6669:
6651:
6619:
6579:Alaskan Russian
6554:Old Novgorodian
6547:Old East Slavic
6520:
6502:Cyrillic script
6492:Church Slavonic
6452:
6447:
6417:
6412:
6396:
6348:
6323:
6313:
6311:
6281:
6276:
6260:
6219:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6156:
6151:
6138:
6131:
6118:
6099:Public holidays
6089:National emblem
6025:
5952:
5887:
5873:Law enforcement
5847:
5824:
5769:
5708:
5662:Ohrid Agreement
5657:2001 insurgency
5643:
5613:
5592:Vardar Banovina
5561:
5506:
5454:
5426:Upper Macedonia
5388:
5385:North Macedonia
5382:
5352:
5347:
5324:
5288:
5244:
5217:
5177:
5164:
5140:Vevčani-Radožda
5105:
5099:
5064:
5056:
5026:
5021:
5017:Regulatory body
5012:Political views
4975:
4935:
4926:
4828:
4816:
4786:
4781:
4763:
4740:
4713:Native American
4706:
4683:
4655:
4606:
4583:
4550:
4522:
4462:
4428:
4395:
4312:
4223:
4197:
4125:
4087:
4035:Serbo-Croatian
3950:
3927:
3854:
3845:Scottish Gaelic
3828:Unified Cornish
3808:Kernewek Kemmyn
3784:
3697:
3642:
3633:
3596:
3588:(in Macedonian)
3587:
3579:
3574:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3544:Wayback Machine
3531:
3527:
3518:
3514:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3448:
3444:
3435:
3431:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3405:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3336:
3327:
3323:
3299:
3295:
3290:Wayback Machine
3281:
3274:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3216:
3199:keyboard layout
3195:
3189:
3187:Keyboard layout
3166:Hristo Zografov
3110:Mirko Pavlovski
3097:Venko Markovski
3049:Mirko Pavlovski
3035:Venko Markovski
3015:Jovan Kostovski
2988:
2983:
2971:Third Committee
2961:First Committee
2951:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2920:
2912:This section's
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:North Macedonia
2781:Nova Makedonija
2734:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2699:
2683:
2672:
2663:
2603:Venko Markovski
2520:Mirko Pavlovski
2516:Venko Markovski
2504:Hristo Zografov
2491:
2448:
2415:(sometimes for
2409:is used today);
2402:is used today);
2395:is used today);
2388:is used today);
2381:is used today);
2368:is used today);
2340:Marko Tsepenkov
2324:is used today);
2317:is used today);
2310:is used today);
2303:is used today);
2268:Despot Badžović
2236:
2188:
2182:is used today.
2161:
2155:
2096:
2088:Main articles:
2086:
2072:Eventually the
2007:
2001:
1996:
1931:
1925:
1762:
1754:Main articles:
1752:
1743:
1714:
1713:
1697:
1681:
1665:
1613:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1539:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1482:
1481:
1466:
1432:
1387:Church Slavonic
1378:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1321:
1311:
1279:
1278:
1264:
1260:Janjevo–Letnica
1232:
1231:
1209:
1208:
1194:
1190:Janjevo–Letnica
1164:Smederevo–Vršac
1151:
1132:
1118:
1108:Younger Ikavian
1083:
1077:
1032:
992:
980:
955:
951:
949:
945:
943:
939:
888:
870:above, in some
851:
847:
840:
836:
829:
825:
818:
814:
807:
803:
796:
792:
785:
781:
774:
770:
763:
759:
752:
748:
741:
737:
730:
726:
719:
715:
708:
704:
697:
693:
686:
682:
675:
671:
664:
660:
653:
645:
638:
634:
627:
623:
616:
612:
605:
601:
594:
590:
583:
579:
572:
568:
561:
557:
550:
546:
539:
535:
528:
524:
517:
513:
506:
502:
495:
491:
484:
480:
468:
459:Cyrillic script
437:
383:Cyrillic script
322:
317:
304:
292:
275:
272:
257:
214:
207:Related scripts
191:North Macedonia
184:
182:
179:Official script
171:
164:
152:
150:
136:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7405:
7403:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7364:
7363:
7357:
7356:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7334:
7332:Van Wijk's law
7329:
7327:Ruki sound law
7324:
7322:Pedersen's law
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7268:
7266:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7217:
7215:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7191:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7167:
7165:Romano-Serbian
7162:
7157:
7152:
7145:
7138:
7130:
7124:
7122:
7116:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7096:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7082:Eastern Slovak
7078:
7076:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7012:
7006:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6971:
6969:
6960:
6956:Microlanguages
6952:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6932:
6926:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6838:
6827:East Lechitic
6824:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6801:Eastern Slovak
6798:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6782:White Croatian
6779:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6758:Biblical Czech
6749:
6747:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6690:Serbo-Croatian
6687:
6679:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6661:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6595:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6566:
6559:
6558:
6557:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6530:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6477:
6470:
6462:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6423:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6401:Sign languages
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6392:Serbo-Croatian
6389:
6384:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6367:
6362:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6324:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6287:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6265:Sign languages
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6162:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6137:
6136:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6104:Radio stations
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6035:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5933:Stock exchange
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5883:Naming dispute
5880:
5875:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5838:Municipalities
5835:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5820:Prime Minister
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5791:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5653:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5609:
5604:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:Ottoman Empire
5516:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5495:Serbian Empire
5492:
5491:
5490:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5464:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5438:Roman Province
5435:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5387: articles
5383:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5358:
5349:
5348:
5344:Serbo-Croatian
5340:Torlak dialect
5333:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5284:Maleševo-Pirin
5281:
5279:Tikveš-Mariovo
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5109:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5032:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5007:Naming dispute
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4754:Haitian Creole
4750:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4617:
4615:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4439:
4437:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4081:Latin alphabet
4078:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4044:Latin alphabet
4041:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3974:Latin alphabet
3971:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3890:
3885:
3883:Istro-Romanian
3880:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3823:Modern Cornish
3820:
3815:
3810:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3594:External links
3592:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3559:
3550:
3547:(in Bulgarian)
3525:
3512:
3499:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3442:
3429:
3416:
3403:
3390:
3387:(in Bulgarian)
3371:
3347:
3334:
3321:
3293:
3272:
3270:, pp. 127-154.
3254:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3136:Risto Prodanov
3132:
3131:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3053:
3052:
3046:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3011:
3010:
3004:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2861:
2860:
2846:
2831:
2813:
2805:acceptance of
2803:
2791:acceptance of
2736:
2735:
2686:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2623:
2622:
2600:
2586:
2576:
2546:see list below
2528:Risto Prodanov
2490:
2487:
2447:
2444:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2258:Ottoman Empire
2235:
2232:
2187:
2184:
2157:Main article:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2127:
2085:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2052:Marko Cepenkov
2037:
2003:Main article:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1988:Dimitar Mirčev
1963:Latin alphabet
1951:Latin letter S
1927:Main article:
1924:
1921:
1863:Marko Cepenkov
1814:Dimitar Mirčev
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1693:Early Cyrillic
1690:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1167:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:Serbo-Croatian
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
991:
990:Unique letters
988:
979:
976:
950:
944:
938:
908:cursive script
887:
884:
854:
853:
842:
831:
820:
809:
798:
787:
776:
765:
754:
744:
743:
732:
721:
710:
699:
688:
677:
666:
655:
640:
629:
618:
608:
607:
596:
585:
574:
563:
552:
541:
530:
519:
508:
497:
486:
466:
465:
464:
463:
462:
461:
456:
454:Latin alphabet
449:Greek alphabet
436:
433:
417:Early Cyrillic
410:Krste Misirkov
353:
352:
346:⟩, see
319:
318:
315:
312:
311:
305:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
280:
279:
270:
264:
263:
259:
258:
256:
255:
254:
253:
252:
251:
250:
249:
229:Greek alphabet
217:
215:
213:Parent systems
212:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
180:
176:
175:
174:1945 – present
172:
169:
166:
165:
160:
158:
154:
153:
146:
138:
137:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7404:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7353:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7317:Meillet's law
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7250:
7248:
7247:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7208:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7133:20th century
7131:
7129:
7126:
7125:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7071:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7052:Slavomolisano
7050:
7049:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6993:
6992:West Polesian
6990:
6988:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6964:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6935:Lower Sorbian
6933:
6931:
6930:Upper Sorbian
6928:
6927:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6895:West Lechitic
6893:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6870:
6869:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6854:Middle Polish
6851:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6807:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6766:
6765:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6733:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6715:Slavomolisano
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6684:Alpine Slavic
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6614:
6613:Simple speech
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6539:Simple speech
6537:
6536:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6444:
6439:
6437:
6432:
6430:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6317:
6308:
6303:
6301:
6296:
6294:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6192:
6183:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5984:Ethnic groups
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5450:Roman Diocese
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5238:
5236:(Lower Polog)
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5208:Kriva Palanka
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5175:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:(Upper Polog)
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5090:Kičevo-Poreče
5088:
5086:
5085:Prilep-Bitola
5083:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5041:
5039:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4820:
4813:
4808:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4401:Tungus—Manchu
4398:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Indo-European
3700:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:Orthographies
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3636:Orthographies
3630:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3300:Prior to the
3297:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:Gustav Vlahov
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:Vlado Maleski
3088:
3085:
3084:Blaže Koneski
3082:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3057:Vasil Iljoski
3055:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:Blaže Koneski
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:Vasil Iljoski
3005:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2981:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2949:
2946:
2938:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:rejection of
2847:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2764:Gustav Vlahov
2761:
2757:
2756:Vlado Maleski
2753:
2742:
2732:
2729:
2721:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2687:This section
2685:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2650:Blaže Koneski
2647:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2500:Vasil Iljoski
2495:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2178:. The letter
2177:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:the digraphs
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:the digraphs
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2005:Je (Cyrillic)
1998:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:. Although a
1944:
1936:
1930:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1273:Timok–Lužnica
1271:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1203:Timok–Lužnica
1201:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:Prizren–Timok
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:Kosovo–Resava
1158:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1001:
996:
989:
987:
985:
977:
970:
962:
958:
935:
927:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
900:
892:
885:
883:
873:
869:
868:
863:
862:
846:
843:
835:
832:
824:
821:
813:
810:
802:
799:
791:
788:
780:
777:
769:
766:
758:
755:
751:
745:
736:
733:
725:
722:
714:
711:
703:
700:
692:
689:
681:
678:
670:
667:
659:
656:
644:
641:
633:
630:
622:
619:
615:
609:
600:
597:
589:
586:
578:
575:
567:
564:
556:
553:
545:
542:
534:
531:
523:
520:
512:
509:
501:
498:
490:
487:
483:
477:
474:
472:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
450:
447:
446:
445:
442:
441:
440:
434:
432:
431:orthography.
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
412:(1874–1926).
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
379:
373:
364:
360:
349:
337:
333:
331:
327:
320:
313:
310:
306:
303:
302:Unicode range
298:
294:
291:Unicode alias
288:
285:
281:
271:
269:
265:
260:
247:
246:
244:
240:
237:
236:
234:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
216:
210:
205:
202:
199:
195:
192:
181:
177:
173:
167:
163:
159:
155:
149:
144:
139:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
7347:
7337:Winter's law
7297:Havlík's law
7251:
7244:
7237:
7193:
7181:
7174:
7149:Mednyj Aleut
7147:
7140:
7132:
7002:South Slavic
6959:and dialects
6866:
6852:
6845:
6793:
6769:
6764:Czechoslovak
6762:
6745:Czech-Slovak
6682:
6657:Transitional
6625:South Slavic
6561:
6552:
6545:
6513:
6481:Proto-Slavic
6479:
6472:
6465:
6044:Architecture
5974:Demographics
5918:Central bank
5861:Human rights
5795:Constitution
5597:World War II
5587:South Serbia
5293:Southeastern
5254:Southeastern
5160:Lower Prespa
5155:Upper Prespa
5131:(Small Reka)
5106:northwestern
5095:Skopje-Veles
4980:Other topics
4966:Southeastern
4894:Romanization
4883:
4697:Massachusett
4661:Austronesian
3995:
3775:West Frisian
3681:Prepositions
3655:
3567:
3562:
3553:
3528:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3445:
3437:
3432:
3424:
3419:
3411:
3406:
3398:
3393:
3374:
3362:. Retrieved
3356:
3350:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3313:
3296:
3257:
3248:
3196:
3176:
3043:Dare Džambaz
2984:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2941:
2935:October 2021
2932:
2913:
2881:Serbianizing
2862:
2815:adoption of
2786:
2779:
2771:
2748:
2724:
2715:
2700:Please help
2688:
2664:
2636:
2624:
2545:
2543:
2512:Dare Džambaz
2498:
2471:
2464:
2463:
2449:
2436:
2422:
2351:
2343:
2337:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2255:
2237:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2207:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2175:
2162:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2098:The letters
2097:
2071:
2047:
2020:
2008:
1986:
1981:
1969:
1967:
1932:
1916:
1892:, but after
1883:
1878:
1874:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1845:Kosta Grupče
1840:
1836:
1826:
1809:
1805:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1763:
1642:
1621:
1595:
1564:
1548:
1516:
1462:Southeastern
1441:
1402:
1335:
1320:
1288:
1092:
1053:
1040:
1024:and dialects
1011:
999:
981:
956:
919:
905:
865:
859:
857:
467:
438:
435:The alphabet
414:
406:Vuk Karadžić
398:World War II
387:
356:
342:and ⟨
324:
147:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
7312:Ivšić's law
7239:Army Slavic
7226:Interslavic
7211:Constructed
7074:West Slavic
6967:East Slavic
6736:West Slavic
6705:Montenegrin
6526:East Slavic
5989:Macedonians
5913:Agriculture
5575:World War I
5552:Balkan Wars
5300:Solun-Voden
5269:Štip-Kočani
5104:Western and
5059:Dialects of
4884:Orthography
4877:Month names
4845:Conjugation
4769:Constructed
4528:Niger–Congo
4468:Afroasiatic
4326:Azerbaijani
4259:orthography
4024:orthography
4009:orthography
3768:orthography
3671:Determiners
3651:Phonologies
3302:autocephaly
2425:Balkan Wars
2163:The letter
1829:Temko Popov
1627:Montenegrin
1604:Gaj's Latin
1069:Montenegrin
170:Time period
157:Script type
7366:Categories
7302:Hirt's law
7292:Dybo's law
7263:Historical
7176:Russenorsk
7155:Ponaschemu
7047:Shtokavian
6987:Podlachian
6888:Slovincian
6878:Pomeranian
6847:Old Polish
6647:Macedonian
6534:Belarusian
6382:Macedonian
6210:Macedonian
6109:Television
6069:Literature
6059:Embroidery
5805:Parliament
5567:Yugoslavia
5062:Macedonian
4906:Literature
4872:Onomastics
4759:Papiamento
4646:Vietnamese
4613:East Asian
4250:Hungarian
4159:Hindustani
4131:Indo-Aryan
3996:Macedonian
3964:Belarusian
3946:Lithuanian
3908:Portuguese
3666:Adjectives
3577:References
3268:3825813878
3191:See also:
3156:Krum Tošev
3129:Ivan Mazov
3063:Krum Tošev
2768:Ivan Mazov
2718:March 2023
2508:Krum Tošev
2405:дж (where
2398:кь (where
2391:гь (where
2384:нь (where
2377:ль (where
2327:к' (where
2320:г' (where
2313:н' (where
2306:л' (where
2240:vernacular
2224:sè se faḱa
2220:homographs
1688:Glagolitic
1651:Bohoričica
1643:Historical
1443:Macedonian
1428:Meshterski
1221:Burgenland
1155:Zeta–Raška
1101:Shtokavian
916:upper case
392:after the
363:Macedonian
307:subset of
201:Macedonian
80:newspapers
7350:indicate
7265:phonology
7213:languages
7201:Trasianka
7027:Kajkavian
7015:Chakavian
6940:Schleifer
6883:Kashubian
6665:Torlakian
6642:Bulgarian
6598:Ukrainian
6563:Ruthenian
6375:Himariote
6365:Bulgarian
6360:Aromanian
6231:Aromanian
6084:Mythology
6011:Languages
5994:Albanians
5979:Education
5948:Transport
5815:President
5800:Elections
5755:Mountains
5718:Geography
5416:Pelagonia
5336:Bulgarian
5213:Ovče Pole
4954:in Greece
4862:Phonology
4777:Esperanto
4726:Inuktitut
4636:Mongolian
4579:Malayalam
4556:Dravidian
4286:Mordvinic
4171:Maldivian
4071:Ukrainian
3986:Bulgarian
3868:Aromanian
3755:Norwegian
3750:Icelandic
3720:Afrikaans
3316:diglossia
3241:Footnotes
2923:talk page
2843:Markovski
2828:Markovski
2689:does not
2630:(the Big
2437:see also
2423:From the
2364:і (where
2299:i (where
1947:homoglyph
1849:Naum Evro
1827:In 1887,
1812:, as did
1800:. In his
1704:Includes
1661:Metelčica
1586:Alphabets
1554:Kajkavian
1530:Torlakian
1476:Torlakian
1423:Torlakian
1404:Bulgarian
1302:Ijekavian
1242:Torlakian
1236:Kajkavian
1214:Chakavian
1136:Dubrovnik
1122:Slavonian
957:See also:
439:Origins:
425:Bulgarian
394:Partisans
372:romanized
268:ISO 15924
262:ISO 15924
197:Languages
7246:Iazychie
7170:Runglish
7128:Balachka
7099:Silesian
7057:Bunjevac
6905:Polabian
6862:Silesian
6841:dialects
6836:Masurian
6820:Lechitic
6777:Moravian
6700:Croatian
6603:dialects
6574:dialects
6335:Albanian
6215:Albanian
6142:Category
6016:Religion
5923:Currency
5878:Military
5779:Politics
5765:Wildlife
5649:Republic
5460:Medieval
5274:Strumica
5198:Kumanovo
5183:Northern
5129:Galičnik
5113:Gostivar
4961:Northern
4941:Dialects
4918:Standard
4855:Numerals
4850:Pronouns
4833:Features
4721:Cherokee
4674:Hawaiian
4669:Filipino
4602:Okinawan
4597:Japanese
4506:Biblical
4480:Aramaic
4458:Georgian
4435:European
4276:Livonian
4266:Karelian
4254:alphabet
4241:Estonian
4214:Armenian
4209:Albanian
4154:Gurmukhi
4149:Gujarati
4031:Silesian
4019:alphabet
4015:Russian
4004:alphabet
3918:Sicilian
3913:Romanian
3901:alphabet
3763:alphabet
3759:Swedish
3712:Germanic
3686:Pronouns
3661:Grammars
3540:Archived
3286:Archived
3214:See also
2916:disputed
2639:phonemic
2350:, using
2243:dialects
2228:i ì reče
2044:Misirkov
1957:and the
1913:cognates
1802:magazine
1770:Misirkov
1656:Dajnčica
1471:Northern
1450:Dialects
1410:Dialects
1344:Dialects
1114:Bunjevac
1094:Dialects
1064:Croatian
984:phonemes
402:phonemic
340:/ /
336:Help:IPA
295:Cyrillic
241:(partly
231:(partly
162:Alphabet
110:May 2023
7348:Italics
7233:Lydnevi
7189:Surzhyk
6922:Sorbian
6771:Knaanic
6722:Slovene
6710:Serbian
6695:Bosnian
6675:Western
6634:Eastern
6569:Russian
6458:History
6256:Turkish
6251:Serbian
6236:Bosnian
6133:Outline
6054:Cuisine
6031:Culture
5962:Society
5943:Tourism
5901:Economy
5745:Geology
5730:Balkans
5614:(ASNOM)
5512:Ottoman
5411:Paeonia
5403:Ancient
5394:History
5262:Eastern
5222:Western
5203:Kratovo
5191:Eastern
5078:Central
5070:Western
4971:Western
4901:History
4889:Braille
4867:Lexicon
4840:Grammar
4731:Nahuatl
4621:Chinese
4589:Japonic
4574:Kannada
4513:Maltese
4484:Aramaic
4376:Turkmen
4371:Turkish
4336:Crimean
4331:Bashkir
4246:Finnish
4183:Marathi
4139:Bengali
4116:Persian
4106:Kurdish
4101:Avestan
4093:Iranian
4066:Sorbian
4061:Slovene
4000:Polish
3941:Latvian
3923:Spanish
3888:Italian
3873:Catalan
3860:Romance
3803:Cornish
3780:Yiddish
3740:Faroese
3735:English
3638:of the
3304:of the
2817:Serbian
2793:Serbian
2710:removed
2695:sources
2566:Serbian
2454:as the
2433:dialect
2272:Serbian
2251:liturgy
2173:digraph
2084:Љ and Њ
2014:phoneme
1982:soft-dz
1974:phoneme
1949:to the
1902:Serbian
1831:of the
1750:Ѓ and Ќ
1672:Arebica
1632:Slovene
1457:Western
1337:Slovene
1307:Ikavian
1297:Ekavian
1289:Accents
1075:Serbian
1059:Bosnian
872:accents
429:Serbian
421:Russian
374::
328:in the
284:Unicode
94:scholar
7160:Quelia
7042:Resian
6831:Polish
6789:Slovak
6486:Accent
6387:Romani
6246:Romani
6147:Portal
6049:Cinema
6039:Anthem
6006:Health
5999:Romani
5928:Energy
5760:Rivers
5735:Cities
5476:Second
5315:Kostur
5234:Tetovo
5145:Struga
4746:Creole
4711:other
4702:Ojibwe
4631:Korean
4625:Dungan
4611:other
4569:Telugu
4518:Somali
4501:Hebrew
4489:Syriac
4476:Arabic
4453:Dargwa
4448:Basque
4443:Abkhaz
4433:other
4419:Manchu
4414:Evenki
4381:Uyghur
4356:Kyrgyz
4351:Khakas
4346:Kazakh
4341:Gagauz
4318:Turkic
4308:Udmurt
4296:Erzyan
4291:Moksha
4233:Uralic
4193:Romani
4176:Thaana
4144:Chakma
4111:Pashto
4056:Slovak
3956:Slavic
3933:Baltic
3892:Latin
3878:French
3798:Breton
3790:Celtic
3745:German
3725:Danish
3364:22 May
3266:
3177:Source
3158:* (m)
3112:* (c)
3099:* (m)
3086:* (m)
3059:* (c)
2841:(over
2558:Bitola
2554:Prilep
2481:, and
2204:French
1596:Modern
1535:Gorani
1356:Resian
1255:Gorani
1226:Molise
1185:Gorani
952:
946:
940:
747:Letter
611:Letter
479:Letter
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2110:and
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