1876:
294:
On other hand, Martins (1999 and 2005) argues that it is possible to relate "eastern Makú" languages with the Nukak-Kakwa group, but he does not find evidence of the relationship with
Puinave. Girón (2008) postulates a genetic relationship of the piave with proto-maku, but also the existence of
361:
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1956: "The general classification of
Central and South American languages"; Men and cultures. Selected papers of the 5th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences: 791—794. Anthony F. Wallace ed. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia,
245:
Epps (2008) criticizes the
Puinave–Nadahup proposal for relying on inaccurate data, having no clear concept of basic vocabulary, and using an unsystematic mix of Nadahup languages in the comparison. The languages were originally linked simply because they are all called
261:
Since then, some linguists have attempted to verify the connection by finding cognates. However, no convincing cognates have yet been found. For example, Rivet and
Tastevin claim that the Hup pronoun
1917:
1850:
536:
1951:
1838:
517:
1845:
1941:
1828:
392:
Henley, Paul; Marie-Claude Mattéi-Müller y Howard Reid 1996: "Cultural and linguistic affinities of the foraging people of North
Amazonia: a new perspective";
1910:
1833:
1736:
1295:
495:
1683:
510:
1903:
530:
486:
1244:
1883:
526:
1946:
1936:
1703:
1108:
503:
380:
1658:
1668:
566:
1855:
1723:
788:
468:. Utrecht: LOT Dissertation Series, 104. (Doctoral dissertation, Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics) ISBN 90-76864-71-3.
198:
branch, a connection which
Kaufman (1990) finds "promising", but there is too little data on these languages to know for sure.
1012:
1678:
1673:
1488:
1097:
1777:
1401:
1708:
1688:
1623:
1663:
1147:
371:
Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South
America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.),
222:
1698:
1648:
1212:
807:
304:
187:
92:
1812:
1653:
1539:
1454:
1217:
997:
894:
1613:
1608:
1163:
1875:
1643:
626:
1797:
1757:
1633:
1628:
1618:
1603:
1141:
1069:
913:
849:
827:
792:
287:
436:
421:
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South
America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.),
1807:
1787:
1772:
1731:
1693:
1478:
1430:
1315:
1042:
972:
909:
1254:
728:
593:
451:
Martins, Silvana and
Valteir Martins (1999) "Makú". In R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Aikhenvald (eds.)
213:
For the
Puinave-Nadahup languages, Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the
1782:
1762:
1564:
1498:
1359:
1303:
1152:
875:
735:
1802:
1767:
1741:
1259:
1234:
1127:
1063:
1019:
968:
958:
801:
653:
611:
291:) "sun", are not particularly convincing, and no regular sound correspondences have been detected.
218:
172:
114:
163:(1920) and other researchers proposed decades ago the hypothesis of a Puinave-Makú family. Later,
1555:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1493:
1435:
1347:
1320:
1222:
1205:
1076:
1052:
1007:
990:
953:
948:
763:
646:
606:
555:
168:
1373:
770:
749:
616:
1792:
1713:
1440:
1413:
1380:
1326:
1275:
1191:
1157:
1131:
1103:
1088:
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930:
923:
714:
661:
639:
632:
575:
482:
376:
309:
140:
68:
1887:
1544:
1511:
1467:
1448:
1394:
1353:
1333:
1249:
1198:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1114:
1030:
943:
937:
888:
820:
813:
756:
742:
721:
687:
682:
621:
582:
230:
226:
214:
199:
179:
164:
144:
107:
100:
74:
1570:
1504:
1340:
1284:
1058:
1002:
855:
707:
700:
693:
255:
53:
980:
976:
601:
408:
Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. South America. In: R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley (eds.),
233:
language families due to contact, pointing to an origin of Proto-Puinave-Nadahup in the
1598:
1577:
1460:
1423:
1387:
881:
867:
843:
836:
152:
148:
85:
81:
1930:
1366:
1309:
1269:
234:
777:
17:
160:
139:
is a hypothetical proposal linking some very poorly attested languages to the
481:(Doctoral dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam). Utrecht: LOT. p. 439.
251:
123:
344:
Rivet, Paul et Constant Tastevin 1920: "Affinités du Makú et du Puinave";
441:(Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
205:
Kaufman (1994: 60, 2007: 67–68) also adds Katukinan to the family.
373:
Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages
438:
Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas
202:
has been proposed specifically as a sister of Puinave–Maku too.
147:
is sometimes linked specifically with the Nadahup languages and
499:
167:(1987) grouped the Puinave-Makú languages, together with the
175:, Waorani and Ticuna languages in the Macro-Tukano trunk.
1891:
455:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pag. 251-268.
375:(pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press.
277:. Other "strikingly similar" pairs, such as Puinave
1821:
1750:
1722:
1591:
1553:
1477:
1411:
1294:
1233:
1126:
1086:
1040:
967:
907:
865:
787:
675:
592:
565:
545:
122:
62:
52:
42:
32:
346:Journal de la Société des Américanistes de París
295:another phone substrate that is not yet known.
1911:
511:
466:Reconstrução fonológica do Protomaku oriental
8:
410:Atlas of the World’s Languages (2nd edition)
435:Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016).
1952:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
1918:
1904:
862:
589:
562:
518:
504:
496:
527:Indigenous language families and isolates
273:means "you"; the Hup pronoun for "I" is
321:
327:
325:
254:; that is, because they are spoken by
29:
1942:Indigenous languages of South America
479:Una Gramática del Wãênsöjöt (Puinave)
61:
7:
1884:Indigenous languages of the Americas
1872:
1870:
425:(pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
1890:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
477:Girón Higuita, Jesús Mario (2008)
27:Proposed language family of Amazon
25:
1874:
186:) is sometimes connected to the
423:Atlas of the world's languages
1:
1882:This article related to the
412:, 59–94. London: Routledge.
265:"I" corresponds to Puinave
1968:
1947:Proposed language families
1869:
1245:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
1937:Macro-Puinavean languages
269:"I", but the Hup pronoun
190:(yet again also known as
54:Linguistic classification
37:
58:Proposed language family
464:Martins, Valteir 2005:
453:The Amazonian Languages
1846:Unclassified languages
305:Arutani–Sape languages
188:Arutani–Sape languages
1416:, Bolivia, and Chile)
1237:(west-central Brazil)
331:Patience Epps, 2008.
335:. Mouton de Gruyter.
178:Punave-Maku and the
1839:Marañón River basin
1704:Tequiraca–Canichana
1684:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
1659:Esmeralda–Yaruroan
1592:Proposed groupings
546:Language families
1899:
1898:
1864:
1863:
1834:Extinct languages
1587:
1586:
903:
902:
671:
670:
540:
487:978-90-78328-59-9
310:Naduhup languages
223:Katukina-Katawixi
134:
133:
16:(Redirected from
1959:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1878:
1871:
1856:Linguistic areas
1724:Linguistic areas
1266:? Mura–Matanawí
1013:Andoque–Urequena
863:
590:
563:
534:
520:
513:
506:
497:
490:
475:
469:
462:
456:
449:
443:
442:
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419:
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406:
400:
399:: 3-37. Caracas.
390:
384:
369:
363:
359:
353:
342:
336:
333:A Grammar of Hup
329:
289:
256:hunter-gatherers
209:Language contact
165:Joseph Greenberg
145:Puinave language
30:
21:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1817:
1746:
1718:
1679:Mataco–Guaicuru
1674:Katembri–Taruma
1639:Macro-Puinavean
1624:Macro-Otomákoan
1583:
1549:
1489:Mataco–Guaicuru
1473:
1407:
1290:
1229:
1122:
1098:Sechura–Catacao
1087:Pacific coast (
1082:
1041:Pacific coast (
1036:
963:
899:
861:
783:
667:
588:
561:
547:
541:
539:classification)
533:
524:
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493:
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463:
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450:
446:
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429:
420:
416:
407:
403:
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370:
366:
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356:
352:: 69-82. París.
343:
339:
330:
323:
318:
301:
243:
211:
137:Macro-Puinavean
44:
33:Macro-Puinavean
28:
23:
22:
18:Macro-Puinavean
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1858:
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1851:Classification
1848:
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1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1737:Mamoré–Guaporé
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1709:Wamo–Chapakura
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:Moseten–Chonan
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:Macro-Chibchan
1611:
1609:Macro-Arawakan
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1516:
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1508:
1501:
1496:
1484:
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1474:
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1471:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
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1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1296:Mamoré–Guaporé
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
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1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
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1094:
1092:
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1037:
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1027:
1022:
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956:
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753:
746:
739:
732:
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718:
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679:
677:
676:Eastern Brazil
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629:
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586:
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569:
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542:
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491:
470:
457:
444:
427:
414:
401:
385:
364:
354:
337:
320:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
307:
300:
297:
281:"day" and Hup
242:
239:
210:
207:
141:Nadahup family
132:
131:
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10:
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3:
2:
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1847:
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1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1813:French Guiana
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
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1796:
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1791:
1789:
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1784:
1781:
1779:
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1756:
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1753:
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1743:
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1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
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1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:Je–Tupi–Carib
1667:
1665:
1664:Hibito–Cholon
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Macro-Warpean
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
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1502:
1500:
1497:
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1490:
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1485:
1483:
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1476:
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1469:
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1462:
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1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:
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1439:
1437:
1434:
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1428:
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1397:
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1383:
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1378:
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1371:
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1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
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1311:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Hibito–Cholon
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:Cañari–Puruhá
1107:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
992:
988:
987:
985:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:
935:
933:
932:
928:
926:
925:
921:
920:
918:
915:
911:
906:
896:
893:
891:
890:
886:
884:
883:
879:
877:
874:
873:
871:
869:
864:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:
841:
839:
838:
834:
830:
829:
825:
823:
822:
818:
816:
815:
811:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
799:
797:
794:
790:
786:
780:
779:
775:
773:
772:
768:
766:
765:
761:
759:
758:
754:
752:
751:
747:
745:
744:
740:
738:
737:
733:
731:
730:
726:
724:
723:
719:
717:
716:
712:
710:
709:
705:
703:
702:
698:
696:
695:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
678:
674:
664:
663:
658:
656:
655:
651:
649:
648:
644:
642:
641:
637:
635:
634:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
597:
595:
591:
585:
584:
580:
578:
577:
573:
572:
570:
568:
567:Je–Tupi–Carib
564:
558:
557:
553:
552:
550:
544:
538:
537:Campbell 2012
532:
531:South America
528:
521:
516:
514:
509:
507:
502:
501:
498:
488:
484:
480:
474:
471:
467:
461:
458:
454:
448:
445:
440:
439:
431:
428:
424:
418:
415:
411:
405:
402:
398:
395:
394:Antropológica
389:
386:
382:
381:0-292-70414-3
378:
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365:
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306:
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298:
296:
292:
290:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
240:
238:
236:
235:Madeira River
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
208:
206:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:Maku of Auari
181:
180:Máku language
176:
174:
170:
169:Tucano family
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
130:
127:
125:
121:
116:
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105:
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98:
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90:
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76:
72:
70:
67:
66:
65:
57:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1892:expanding it
1881:
1866:
1699:Saparo–Yawan
1649:Arutani–Sape
1638:
1634:Macro-Panoan
1629:Macro-Paesan
1619:Macro-Jibaro
1604:Macro-Andean
1576:
1569:
1540:Lule–Vilelan
1510:
1503:
1466:
1459:
1447:
1422:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1308:
1283:
1274:
1213:Saparo–Yawan
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1142:Pano–Tacanan
1140:
1113:
1075:
1068:
1051:
1045:and Ecuador)
1029:
989:
936:
929:
922:
887:
880:
854:
842:
835:
826:
819:
812:
808:Arutani–Sape
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
660:
652:
645:
638:
631:
581:
574:
554:
548:and isolates
478:
473:
465:
460:
452:
447:
437:
430:
422:
417:
409:
404:
396:
393:
388:
372:
367:
357:
349:
345:
340:
332:
293:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
260:
250:"babble" by
247:
244:
212:
204:
195:
191:
183:
177:
157:Puinave–Maku
156:
136:
135:
128:
106:
99:
93:Arutani–Sape
91:
80:
73:
63:Subdivisions
45:distribution
1694:Quechumaran
1654:Bora–Witoto
1554:Far South (
1455:Uru–Chipaya
1431:Quechumaran
1316:Nambikwaran
998:Bora–Witoto
895:Ticuna–Yuri
1931:Categories
1565:Qawasqaran
1499:Guaicuruan
1468:Mapudungun
1304:Chapacuran
1218:Peba–Yagua
1153:Cahuapanan
1070:Yurumanguí
654:Chiquitano
627:Maxakalian
535:(based on
316:References
161:Paul Rivet
155:group, as
96:(Kalianan)
43:Geographic
1829:Languages
1798:Venezuela
1758:Argentina
1751:Countries
1742:Amazonian
1354:Mosetenan
1348:Canichana
1260:Katukinan
1255:Harákmbut
1206:Tequiraca
1077:Esmeralda
1064:Barbacoan
1020:Guajiboan
959:Jirajaran
914:Venezuela
850:Otomacoan
802:Yanomaman
793:Venezuela
729:Pankararú
647:Rikbaktsá
348:, n.s. t
252:Arawakans
241:Criticism
219:Harakmbet
173:Katukinan
124:Glottolog
115:Katukinan
38:(dubious)
1808:Suriname
1788:Paraguay
1773:Colombia
1535:Huarpean
1530:Charruan
1525:Zamucoan
1520:Mascoyan
1494:Matacoan
1436:Quechuan
1360:Yuracaré
1327:Cayubaba
1321:Bororoan
1276:Matanawí
1223:Zaparoan
1192:Taushiro
1164:Candoshi
1158:Jivaroan
1053:Chibchan
1043:Colombia
1008:Witotoan
991:Tucanoan
973:Colombia
954:Timotean
949:Tiniguan
910:Colombia
736:Tarairiú
715:Katembri
683:Karirian
622:Krenakan
607:Jabutian
594:Macro-Jê
556:Arawakan
299:See also
196:Kalianan
1783:Ecuador
1763:Bolivia
1714:Amerind
1512:Payaguá
1481:–Pampas
1449:Puquina
1441:Aymaran
1412:Andes (
1395:Irantxe
1334:Itonama
1199:Urarina
1185:Waorani
1178:Munichi
1171:Omurano
1115:Mochica
1104:Chimuan
1059:Chocoan
1031:Puinave
1025:Nadahup
938:Andaquí
908:Andes (
876:Sáliban
814:Arutani
789:Orinoco
576:Cariban
288:wæd.hɔ́
237:basin.
194:) in a
75:Puinave
69:Nadahup
1803:Guyana
1768:Brazil
1571:Yaghan
1545:Chonan
1505:Guachí
1374:Aikanã
1341:Movima
1285:Trumai
1250:Arawan
1235:Amazon
1128:Amazon
981:Vaupés
977:Japurá
969:Amazon
944:Paezan
856:Yaruro
764:Xukurú
708:Baenan
701:Gamela
694:Taruma
688:Purían
617:Karajá
612:Kamakã
583:Tupian
485:
379:
231:Karaja
229:, and
227:Arawak
215:Tupian
171:, the
143:. The
48:Amazon
1886:is a
1822:Lists
1778:Chile
1732:Chaco
1578:Chono
1556:Chile
1479:Chaco
1461:Kunza
1424:Culle
1402:Arara
1388:Kwazá
1381:Kanoê
1270:Muran
1003:Boran
983:area)
931:Camsá
924:Cofán
882:Betoi
844:Guamo
837:Warao
750:Wamoé
662:Guató
640:Ofayé
633:Jaikó
362:1960.
283:uerhó
153:Kakwa
149:Nukak
86:Kakwa
82:Nukak
1888:stub
1793:Peru
1599:Duho
1414:Peru
1367:Leco
1310:Mure
1132:Peru
1089:Peru
912:and
889:Hodï
868:Duho
828:Máku
821:Sapé
771:Yaté
757:Xokó
743:Tuxá
722:Natú
483:ISBN
377:ISBN
279:ueyu
248:Maku
200:Hodï
192:Maku
129:None
108:Hodï
101:Máku
778:Otí
529:of
350:XII
275:’ãh
271:’am
1933::
1487:?
1429:?
1243:?
1211:?
1102:?
996:?
975:,
866:?
806:?
659:?
602:Jê
397:83
324:^
267:am
263:am
258:.
225:,
221:,
217:,
159:.
113:?
1919:e
1912:t
1905:v
1894:.
1558:)
1134:)
1130:(
1091:)
979:–
971:(
916:)
795:)
791:(
519:e
512:t
505:v
489:.
383:.
285:(
182:(
151:-
84:-
20:)
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