43:
608:
642:
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before, but in the morning, when she awakenβd, and attempted to turn herself in her bed, was not able, finding her
Breasts so swellβd, that she was affrighted to an astonishment. Then endeavoring to sit up, the weight of her Breasts fastned her to her bed; where she hath layn ever since, yet without all pain and weakness either in her Breasts, or in any other part.
3277:
658:
breasts increased six cup sizes. After her third childbirth, they grew 10 cup sizes, and after her fourth child was born, they grew nine cup sizes. In this instance, the swelling abated about 10 days after childbirth, but her bra cup size remained E to a G for the next year. About one year postpartum, her breasts rapidly atrophied to AA cup size.
747:
chemistry and endocrine investigation was normal. A bilateral reduction mammaplasty with free nipple grafts was performed. 6 kg (13 lb) of the right breast and 6.5 kg (14 lb) of the left breast were removed, resulting in a removal of 12.5 kg (28 lb) of tissue in all (24% of the total body weight).
682:' talk show where she told how her chest grew from 86 cm (34 in) to 133 cm (52 in) in five months during her pregnancy. At their largest, one breast weighed 6.8 kg (15 lb) and the other 5.4 kg (12 lb). Her husband custom-made a special bra to support her breasts.
633:
Durston later wrote to the
Society to report that Travers had died on October 21 of the same year, four months after the onset of enlargement. One breast removed after the woman's death weighed 29 kg (64 lb). Durston did not, as is sometimes stated, carry out breast reduction or mastectomy,
674:
with gigantomastia of pregnancy and the amount later removed from both breasts was 15 kg (33 lb) in total. A second case in North
Macedonia was reported when the breasts of a 30-year-old woman from a remote mountain village in eastern North Macedonia suddenly grew to more than 30 kilograms
628:
Elizabeth Treves, 23. or 24. years of age, fair of complexion, brown-hairβd, of an healthy constitution, low of stature, of honest repute, but of mean and poor parentage, near this Town , was on Friday July 3d, 1669 in good health, and went well to bed, where she took as good rest and sleep, as ever
619:
The earliest description and illustration of gigantomastia dates to 1669. In July of that year the
Plymouth physician William Durston wrote to the Royal Society, reporting the case of a patient named Elizabeth Travers (sometimes spelled Treves). Durston's account was soon published in the Society's
712:
that her condition may have been caused by a curse. The measured bust circumference without appropriate bra support was 160 cm (63 in). The weight of her breasts was not reported in detail, but seemed to weigh "as much as two children." She had breast reduction surgery performed, but her
665:
Another extreme case was observed in 2008 in Maria
Vittoria Hospital in Turin, Italy, where the amount removed from both breasts was 17.2 kg (38 lb). The growth occurred during puberty making it a case of juvenile gigantomastia, but the patient did not seek treatment until the age of 29.
657:
In 2005, a woman reported that her breasts grew at puberty from nothing to a C cup in one month. When she became pregnant for the first time, her breasts increased two cup sizes in a few days. Immediately after her first birth, her breasts grew three cup sizes. After her second child was born, her
233:
Some women with virginal breast hypertrophy experience breast growth at a steady rate for several years, after which the breasts rapidly develop exceeding normal growth. Some adolescent females experience minimal or negligible breast growth until their breasts suddenly grow very rapidly in a short
661:
One of the most severe cases of macromastia was reported from Ilorin in
Nigeria. In 2007, Ganiyu Adebisi Rahman and his colleagues reported the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with massive swelling of her breasts and bilateral axillary swellings of 6 years duration. Rahman led a team of
746:
A more severe case of virginal breast hypertrophy of an 11-year-old girl was reported in 2008. The breasts had begun to grow rapidly at puberty and had reached the point of causing physical impairment and respiratory compromise after one year. The skin was intact without any ulcerations. Blood
653:
On April 17, 1848, a 42-year-old woman named Lu-shi was treated for hypertrophy in a
Chinese hospital. She was treated by a missionary physician. On December 24, 1849, the left breast, measuring 67 cm (26 in) in circumference, and weighing 2.7 kg (6.0 lb), was removed in a
275:
Breast size in women with gestational breast hypertrophy typically reverts to approximately pre-pregnancy size or near it after pregnancy and cessation of breastfeeding. This is not always the case however and in some only partial reduction in breast size may occur, necessitating surgical
134:
The indication is an excess breast weight that exceeds approximately 3% of the total body weight. There are varying definitions of what is considered to be excessive breast tissue, that is the expected breast tissue plus extraordinary breast tissue, ranging from as little as 0.6 kilograms
662:
surgeons in Ilorin to perform a total bilateral excision of the hypertrophied axillary breasts, and bilateral breast amputation with composite nipple-areola complex graft of the normally located breasts. The total weight of the breast tissues removed was 44.8 kilograms (99 lb).
561:
magazine that boys taunted her, calling her "Punky
Boobster". It affected her professional and social life negatively. "People started to think of me as a bimbo," she said in the interview. "I couldn't sit up straight without people looking at me like I was a prostitute[.]"
264:
The extremely rapid growth of the breasts can result in intense heat. The woman's breasts can generate extraordinary discomfort, turning feverish, red, itchy, and even causing the skin to peel. The swelling can suppress the milk supply, pinching off the milk ducts, and leading to
478:
is not clinically indicated unless at least 1.8 kilograms (4.0 lb) of tissue per breast needs to be removed. In the majority of cases of macromastia, surgery is medically unnecessary, depending on body height. Topical treatment includes regimens of ice to cool the breasts.
260:
This same effect can also occur at the onset of pregnancy or between the 16th to 20th week of gestation. When the swelling in the connective tissue occurs after birth, it can negatively impact long term milk supply. The swelling increases with each subsequent pregnancy.
565:
Finding large bra-sizes and styles that fit is challenging. Also, larger bras are more costly, challenging to find, and unflattering to the wearer. Ill-fitting bras with narrow straps can cause chronic irritation, redness, and indentations in the shoulders. Skin
735:. Over the next eight months, both breasts grew abnormally large, and physicians treating her found that her physiological development was normal except for her breasts. The weight produced by their symmetrical and massive enlargement resulted in marked
1772:
Martin, Regina M.; Lin, Chin J.; Nishi, Mirian Y.; Billerbeck, Ana Elisa C.; Latronico, Ana
Claudia; Russell, David W.; Mendonca, Berenice B. (2003). "Familial Hyperestrogenism in Both Sexes: Clinical, Hormonal, and Molecular Studies of Two Siblings".
2772:"An Extract of a Letter Written to the Publisher from Plymouth Novem. 2. 1669. By William Durston Dr. Of Physick; Concerning the Death of the Bigg-Breasted Woman (Discoursed of in Numb. 52.) Together with what Was thereupon Observed in Her Body"
328:
The underlying cause of the rapidly growing breast connective tissue, resulting in gigantic proportions, has not been well elucidated. However, proposed factors have included increased levels/expression of or heightened sensitivity to certain
3320:
3305:
516:
When hypertrophy occurs in adolescence, noninvasive treatments, including pharmaceutical treatment, hormone therapy, and steroid use are not usually recommended due to known and unknown side effects. Once breast growth rate has stabilized,
1981:
Li G, Robinson GW, Lesche R, Martinez-Diaz H, Jiang Z, Rozengurt N, Wagner KU, Wu DC, Lane TF, Liu X, Hennighausen L, Wu H (2002). "Conditional loss of PTEN leads to precocious development and neoplasia in the mammary gland".
162:
Hypertrophy of the breast can affect the breasts equally, but usually affects one breast more than the other, thereby causing asymmetry, when one breast is larger than the other. The condition can also individually affect the
218:. Along with the excessive breast size, other symptoms include red, itchy lesions and pain in the breasts. A diagnosis is made when an adolescent's breasts grow rapidly and achieve great weight, usually soon after her first
590:. Insurance companies also mandate a woman who is overweight, which is often the case with gigantomastia, to first lose a certain amount of weight. They also commonly require the patient to try alternative treatments like
1361:
Das, Liza; Rai, Ashutosh; Vaiphei, Kim; Garg, Akhil; Mohsina, Subair; Bhansali, Anil; Dutta, Pinaki; Tripathy, Satyaswarup (2019). "Idiopathic gigantomastia: newer mechanistic insights implicating the paracrine milieu".
544:
In the case of a 12-year-old
Japanese girl reported in 1993, her "massively enlarged" breasts caused her "intense psychological problems, incapacitating her in school activities and social relations". Actress
743:. Surgeons removed 2 kilograms (4.4 lb) of tissue from her right breast and 1.9 kilograms (4.2 lb) from her left breast. She was administered tamoxifen afterward to suppress breast regrowth.
739:. Lab tests of her blood for hormones and biochemical substances showed normal values, though tests revealed that it might have been caused by hypersensitivity to estrogen. She underwent a bilateral
171:
instead of or in addition to the entire breast. The effect can produce a minor size variation to an extremely large breast asymmetry. Breast hypertrophy is classified in one of five ways: as either
521:
may be an appropriate choice. In some instances after aggressive or surgical treatment, the breast may continue to grow or re-grow, a complete mastectomy may be recommended as a last resort.
1346:
The reduction in size of the breasts after delivery may be incomplete and the patient may be left with very large breasts indeed, for which plastic surgical treatment should be considered.
2545:
Morimoto, Tadaoki; Komaki, Kansei; Mori, Toshiaki; Sasa, Mitsunori; Miki, Hitoshi; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Monden, Yasumasa; Nakanishi, Hideki (1993). "Juvenile gigantomastia: Report of a case".
3021:
Fiumara, Linda; Gault, David T.; Nel, Mark R.; Lucas, Dominique N.; Courtauld, Elizabeth (2009). "Massive bilateral breast reduction in an 11-year-old girl: 24% ablation of body weight".
586:
Insurance companies in the United States typically require the physician to provide evidence that a woman's large breasts cause headaches or back and neck pain before they will pay for
731:
reported on the case of a 12-year-old girl. Only 152 centimetres (60 in) tall and weighing 43 kilograms (95 lb), her breasts began to develop at age 11 before the onset of
654:
procedure lasting three and a half minutes. The right breast was removed one month later. It measured 61 cm (24 in) in circumference and weighed 2.5 kg (5.5 lb).
135:(1.3 lb) up to 2.5 kilograms (5.5 lb) with most physicians defining macromastia as excessive tissue of over 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb). Some resources distinguish between
2336:
Dellal, Fatma Dilek; Aydin, Cevdet; Kaya, Mina Gulfem; Ersoy, Reyhan; Cakir, Bekir (2014). "A case with macroprolactinemia and gigantomastia responding to cabergoline treatment".
155:: giant), where excessive tissue is more than 2.5 kg. The enlargement can cause muscular discomfort and over-stretching of the skin envelope, which can lead in some cases to
2614:
Iwuagwu, Obi; Bajalan, Ahmed; Platt, Alastair; Stanley, Paul; Reese, Richard; Drew, Philip (2006-10-01). "Macromastia and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Is There an Association?".
2921:
Antevski, Borce; Jovkovski, Oliver; Filipovski, Vanja; Banev, Saso (2010). "Extreme gigantomastia in pregnancy: Case reportβmy experience with two cases in last 5 years".
3374:
524:
Pregnancy is recognized as the second most common reason for hypertrophy. When secondary to pregnancy, it may resolve itself without treatment after the pregnancy ends.
3171:
Rhinoplasty and facial plastic surgery with a supplement on mammaplasty and other operations in the field of plastic surgery of the body: an atlas and textbook
245:
At the onset of puberty, some females who have experienced little or no breast development can reportedly reach three or more cup sizes within a few days (see
2160:
Baker, Stephen B.; Burkey, Brooke A.; Thornton, Paul; Larossa, Don (2001). "Juvenile Gigantomastia: Presentation of Four Cases and Review of the Literature".
2518:
361:) in the breasts. Macromastic breasts are reported to be composed mainly of adipose and fibrous tissue, while glandular tissue remains essentially stable.
537:
Extremely large breasts are a source of considerable attention. Some women try to hide or mask their breasts with special clothing, including minimizing
541:. Women with this condition may be subject to psychological problems due to unwanted attention or harassment. Depression is common in those affected.
2886:
Borsetti, G.; Merlino, G.; Bergamin, F.; Cerato, C.; Boltri, M.; Borsetti, M. (2009). "A 38 kg skin-reducing bilateral mastectomy: A unique case".
693:
surgery to relieve her pain. Surgeons removed 4.25 kilograms (9.4 lb) from one breast and 3.33 kilograms (7.3 lb) from the other breast.
456:
187:. Many definitions of macromastia and gigantomastia are based on the term of "excessive breast tissue", and are therefore somewhat arbitrary.
3563:
3367:
2815:
2707:
2419:
2085:
1699:
1430:
892:
389:
1446:
Mick, G. J.; McCormick, K. L.; Wakimoto, H. (1991). "Massive breast enlargement in an infant girl with central nervous system dysfunction".
126:
enlargement, which can occur in both breasts (bilateral) or only in one breast (unilateral). It was first scientifically described in 1648.
1055:
Kupfer D, Dingman D, Broadbent R (August 1992). "Juvenile breast hypertrophy: report of a familial pattern and review of the literature".
1575:
Zhong, Aimei; Wang, Guohua; Yang, Jie; Xu, Qijun; Yuan, Quan; Yang, Yanqing; Xia, Yun; Guo, Ke; Horch, Raymund E.; Sun, Jiaming (2014).
381:
2436:
94:
connective tissues in which the breasts become excessively large. The condition is often divided based on the severity into two types,
982:
3179:
2985:
1331:
288:
Only 15% of cases of breast hypertrophy are unrelated to puberty or pregnancy. Other types and causes of breast hypertrophy include
2017:
Genzer-Nir, Mira; Khayat, Morad; Kogan, Leonid; Cohen, Hector I; Hershkowitz, Miriam; Geiger, Dan; Falik-Zaccai, Tzipora C (2010).
1021:
190:
A total of 115 cases of gigantomastia had been reported in the literature as of 2008 (a minimum of 116 cases reported as of 2022).
1090:
Rezai, Shadi; Nakagawa, Jenna T.; Tedesco, John; Chadee, Annika; Gottimukkala, Sri; Mercado, Ray; Henderson, Cassandra E. (2015).
3360:
3281:
2485:
3169:
234:
period of time. This may cause considerable physical discomfort. Women with VBH often experience an excessive growth of their
2967:
2301:
Kulkarni, Dhananjay; Beechey-Newman, N.; Hamed, H.; Fentiman, I.S. (2006). "Gigantomastia: A problem of local recurrence".
1632:
Kulkarni, Dhananjay; Beechey-Newman, N.; Hamed, H.; Fentiman, I.S. (2006). "Gigantomastia: A problem of local recurrence".
1867:"Gigantomastia and Macroprolactinemia Responding to Cabergoline Treatment: A Case Report and Minireview of the Literature"
578:, and numbness or tingling in the fingers. There is a possible connection between macromastia and carpal-tunnel-syndrome.
466:. Gestational macromastia has been treated with breast reduction drugs alone without surgery. Surgical therapy includes
385:
354:
939:
Dancey, Anne; Khan, M.; Dawson, J.; Peart, F. (2008). "Gigantomastia β a classification and review of the literature".
678:
As the disorder becomes more widely known, media reports have increased. French Canadian Isabelle Lanthier appeared on
3116:
Netscher, David T.; Mosharrafa, ALI M.; Laucirica, Rodolfo (1996). "Massive Asymmetric Virginal Breast Hypertrophy".
831:
Dafydd, H.; Roehl, K.R.; Phillips, L.G.; Dancey, A.; Peart, F.; Shokrollahi, K. (2011). "Redefining gigantomastia".
3467:
666:
Another extreme case was observed on August 28, 2003, when a 24-year-old woman was admitted to the Clinical Center
1413:
Merlob, Paul (2018). "Congenital Malformations and Developmental Changes of the Breast: A Dysmorphological View".
463:
365:
611:
The first recorded case of gigantomastia, diagnosed in a 23- or 24-year-old woman, 1669. In 1669, the physician
3620:
912:
Sharma, K; Nigam, S; Khurana, N; Chaturvedi, KU (2004). "Unilateral gestational macromastia--a rare disorder".
781:
OhlsΓ©n, L.; Ericsson, O.; Beausang-Linder, M. (1996). "Rapid, massive and unphysiological breast enlargement".
708:, profiled the story of Pilma Cabrijas, a 30-year-old woman affected by gigantomastia. The woman was told by a
350:
1577:"Stromal-epithelial cell interactions and alteration of branching morphogenesis in macromastic mammary glands"
1717:"Understanding the pathological manifestations of aromatase excess syndrome: lessons for clinical diagnosis"
358:
1174:
Swelstad MR, Swelstad BB, Rao VK, Gutowski KA (September 2006). "Management of gestational gigantomastia".
615:
drew this illustration of first recorded case of non-gravid gigantomastia; the woman died of the condition.
3625:
3462:
3407:
3095:
Oladele, AO; Olabanji, JK; Alabi, GH (2007). "Reduction mammoplasty: The experience in Ile-Ife, Nigeria".
634:
instead favouring a range of medicines, the details of which are redacted in the published account in the
3402:
2733:"Visual Representations of Disease: The Philosophical Transactions and William Cheselden's Osteographia"
1497:
Zinn, Harry L.; Haller, J. O.; Kedia, Sanjay (1999). "Macromastia in a newborn with Alagille syndrome".
1150:
1865:
Dellal, Fatma Dilek; Ozdemir, Didem; Aydin, Cevdet; Kaya, Gulfem; Ersoy, Reyhan; Cakir, Bekir (2016).
2783:
2686:
Fahmy, Fahmy S.; Saleh, Mohamed Ahmed Amin (2013), Shiffman, Melvin A.; Di Giuseppe, Alberto (eds.),
1217:
Moss WM (January 1968). "Gigantomastia with pregnancy. A case report with review of the literature".
612:
376:
has been reported as a cause of some cases of macromastia. Macromastia has also been associated with
689:, who experienced ongoing back pain, making everyday tasks very difficult to perform. She underwent
3527:
3474:
3324:
2589:
373:
156:
3261:
3160:
2823:
2460:
1322:
C. J. Dewhurst (1981). "Miscellaneous Disorders Complicating Pregnancy". In C. J. Dewhurst (ed.).
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2647:
2570:
2283:
2185:
1847:
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1304:
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696:
On October 29, 2009, the Philippine television network GMA News and Public Affairs, producers of
66:
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2038:
2019:"Mammary-digital-nail (MDN) syndrome: a novel phenotype maps to human chromosome 22q12.3β13.1"
1999:
1963:
1945:
1906:
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1234:
1191:
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1113:
1092:"Gestational Gigantomastia Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"
1072:
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50:
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546:
518:
475:
467:
401:
369:
277:
219:
3144:
2999:
2665:
320:. Two case reports of prepubertal breast hypertrophy, both in infants, have been reported.
272:
Gestational gigantomastia is estimated to in 1 out of every 28,000 to 100,000 pregnancies.
3548:
3510:
679:
671:
641:
575:
42:
1230:
3255:
3154:
2787:
2519:"A Love-Hate Relationship: My Large Chest And The Negative Attention That Comes With It"
1252:
van der Meulen AJ (July 1974). "An unusual case of massive hypertrophy of the breasts".
1033:
570:
under the breasts are common, particularly during warm weather. Heavy breasts may cause
443:
Medical treatment has not proven consistently effective. Medical regimens have included
3599:
3505:
3447:
3383:
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3190:
2229:
2204:
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2018:
1958:
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685:
In 2007, a Chilean TV station covered the story of 32-year-old Yasna Galleguillos from
551:
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2270:
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346:
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239:
180:
119:
59:
2950:
2574:
2287:
2189:
1534:
1483:
1308:
1203:
910:
Note: the criterion of >600g is used with the term "macromastia" in this source:
802:
81:
Increased levels or heightened sensitivity to certain hormones and/or growth factors
3584:
3520:
3479:
1851:
699:
506:
448:
432:
420:
338:
309:
1279:
Cheung KL, Alagaratnam TT (1997). "Pregnancy-related gigantomastia. Case report".
2699:
2314:
1941:
1732:
1691:
1682:
Moschella, Francesco; Cordova, Adriana; Toia, Francesca (2016). "Gigantomastia".
1645:
392:. It is also notable that approximately two-thirds of women with macromastia are
3589:
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3553:
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3484:
3442:
3432:
2971:
2119:
1422:
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111:
76:
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289:
55:
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2846:
2845:
Rahman, G. A.; Adigunt, I. A.; Yusuf, I. F.; Bamigbade, D. P. (1 July 2007).
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2128:
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1949:
1892:
1834:
1817:
1794:
1740:
1653:
1600:
1518:
1467:
1383:
1117:
960:
3314:
3062:"Breast Inflammatory Gigantomastia in a Context of Immune-Mediated Diseases"
2345:
1995:
709:
444:
428:
397:
342:
223:
176:
115:
103:
3224:
3108:
3087:
3042:
2942:
2907:
2872:
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2771:
2643:
2394:
2385:
2368:
2322:
2279:
2238:
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2060:
2003:
1967:
1924:
Roy, MΓ©lissa; Lee, James; Aldekhayel, Salah; Dionisopoulos, Tassos (2015).
1910:
1883:
1843:
1802:
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1758:
1661:
1618:
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1526:
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1341:
1195:
1135:
968:
925:
881:
Syed A. Hoda; Edi Brogi; Fred Koerner; Paul Peter Rosen (5 February 2014).
852:
17:
3276:
3137:
2748:
2566:
2369:"Failure of bromocriptine therapy to control juvenile mammary hypertrophy"
2034:
1510:
1475:
1300:
1265:
1238:
1108:
1076:
3397:
3078:
3061:
736:
732:
571:
510:
334:
317:
266:
227:
2205:"Gestational gigantomastia with complete resolution in a Nigerian woman"
649:
of Lu-shi, age 42, on April 17, 1848, prior to breast reduction surgery.
179:
macromastia), in adult women without any obvious cause, associated with
3437:
2811:
2558:
1592:
1459:
1292:
794:
646:
513:, has also been found to be effective in the treatment of macromastia.
502:
490:
393:
330:
252:
As of 1992, 70 cases of virginal breast hypertrophy had been reported.
199:
184:
172:
107:
3297:
2732:
411:
A handful of drugs have been associated with gigantomastia, including
3579:
3309:
2847:"Macromastia and bilateralaxillary breast hypertrophy: a case report"
667:
235:
168:
164:
91:
1326:(1 ed.). Blackwell Scientific Publications. pp. 334β352.
1151:"Is it true that a woman's breasts can grow enormously overnight?"
640:
606:
313:
3352:
3249:. Vol. II. H. C. Lea's Son & Company. pp. 693β694.
2103:"Prednisolone-induced virginal mammary hypertrophy: Case report"
567:
293:
3356:
102:. Hypertrophy of the breast tissues may be caused by increased
624:, and includes the following account of the onset of symptoms:
538:
3156:
The Breast: Its Anomalies, Its Diseases, and Their Treatment
2437:"The Size of My Breasts Never Let Me Have the Body I Wanted"
482:
Treatment of hyperprolactinemia-associated macromastia with
2820:
Medical Historical Library, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
2254:"Gestational Macromastia: A Medical and Surgical Challenge"
501:
has been found to be effective in some, but not all cases.
147:: breast), where excessive tissue is less than 2.5 kg, and
3023:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
2888:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
941:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
833:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
2101:
Jabaiti, Samir; Fayyad, Luma; Isleem, Ula (2019-01-01).
870:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 188.
2414:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 47β.
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1324:
Integrated Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Postgraduates
380:(which is thought to be due to excessive production of
364:
Macromastia occurs in approximately half of women with
3145:
U.S.A. Library of Congress - Healthy Breasts: A Primer
2461:"I'm Sick Of The Way My Breast Size Affects My Career"
2435:
Stoller, Evy Pitt; Geisinger, Gabriella (2018-02-23).
1818:"Macromastia: a review of presentation and management"
1775:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
400:(as in aromatase excess syndrome), at least two other
3257:
Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment: By American Authors
3287:
3572:
3536:
3498:
3423:
3390:
3291:
2408:Ismail Jatoi; Manfred Kaufmann (11 February 2010).
1715:Shozu, Makio; Fukami, Maki; Ogata, Tsutomu (2014).
75:
65:
49:
35:
3066:Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
2694:, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 755β774,
2203:Ezem, B. U.; Osuagwu, C. C.; Opara, K. A. (2011).
1548:NoczyΕska A, Wasikowa R, Myczkowski T (2001). "".
198:When gigantomastia occurs in young women during
2988:(in Spanish). El Mercurio de Antofagasta. 2007.
2776:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
2252:Bloom, Sara A.; Nahabedian, Maurice Y. (2008).
1721:Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
1169:
1167:
818:Observations medicuarum centinae tres posthumae
408:) have been implicated in causing macromastia.
1930:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
714:
697:
3368:
2107:International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
1356:
1354:
1032:(3). Chandler, Arizona: 62β63. Archived from
8:
3433:Adipomastia (lipomastia, pseudogynecomastia)
3189:Plummer, Samuel C.; Bump, Warner S. (1927).
2486:"How Breast Size Affects How Women Exercise"
2688:"Reduction Mammoplasty: "The Piece of Art""
2540:
2538:
1684:International Textbook of Aesthetic Surgery
3375:
3361:
3353:
3288:
2962:
2960:
2080:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 19β.
1581:Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
32:
3214:
3174:. Phoenix: Columella Press. p. 755.
3077:
2862:
2795:
2384:
2269:
2228:
2136:
2118:
2050:
1957:
1900:
1882:
1833:
1748:
1608:
1149:Juan, Ph.D., Stephen (January 13, 2007).
1125:
1107:
1096:Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology
868:Stone's Plastic Surgery Facts and Figures
2968:"Macedonia faces 'giant' breast problem"
906:
904:
887:. Wolters Kluwer Health. pp. 152β.
3159:. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. p.
1926:"Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia"
1816:Rahman GA, Adigun IA, Yusuf IF (2010).
773:
549:, who starred as a child in the sitcom
246:
3238:. Vol. II. Saunders. p. 234.
3235:The International text-book of surgery
2367:Arscott GD, Craig HR, Gabay L (2001).
457:gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
222:. Some doctors suggest that the rapid
3564:Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia
2923:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
2726:
2724:
1415:Nipple-Areolar Complex Reconstruction
390:pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia
183:therapy, and associated with extreme
175:(virginal hypertrophy), gestational (
7:
3191:"Massive Hypertrophy of the Breasts"
2692:Cosmetic Surgery: Art and Techniques
1231:10.1001/archsurg.1968.01330190029007
202:, the medical condition is known as
783:European Journal of Plastic Surgery
382:parathyroid hormone-related protein
90:is a rare medical condition of the
2588:Rosen, Marjorie (April 26, 1993).
2023:European Journal of Human Genetics
1188:10.1097/01.prs.0000232364.40958.47
1020:Casciola, Cheri (JuneβJuly 2005).
914:The Malaysian Journal of Pathology
25:
2770:Durston, W.; Darston, W. (1669).
2484:Reynolds, Gretchen (2019-03-06).
820:, vol. Cent II, Braunschweig
713:breasts regrew. The producers of
284:Other types of breast hypertrophy
238:as well. In severe cases of VBH,
122:. Breast hypertrophy is a benign
3275:
3207:10.1097/00000658-192701000-00008
3130:10.1097/00007611-199604000-00019
2851:West African Journal of Medicine
2271:10.1111/j.1524-4741.2008.00628.x
2174:10.1097/00000637-200105000-00011
1069:10.1097/00006534-199290020-00023
555:, reported in an interview with
41:
2517:Ellis, Stacy Ann (2013-08-22).
2168:(5): 517β25, discussion 525β6.
983:"Puberty Stages of Development"
71:Excessively large breast tissue
3246:The Science and art of surgery
1448:European Journal of Pediatrics
727:In 1993, the Japanese journal
256:Gestational breast hypertrophy
1:
3260:. Lea & Febiger. p.
3254:Ochsner, Albert John (1921).
3232:Warren, John Collins (1900).
2731:Meli, Nico Bertoloni (2015).
2411:Management of Breast Diseases
1871:Case Reports in Endocrinology
719:paid for additional surgery.
3243:Erichsen, John Eric (1885).
3097:Nigerian Journal of Medicine
2737:Huntington Library Quarterly
2700:10.1007/978-3-642-21837-8_45
2315:10.1016/j.breast.2005.03.002
1942:10.1097/GOX.0000000000000468
1733:10.1586/17446651.2014.926810
1692:10.1007/978-3-662-46599-8_18
1646:10.1016/j.breast.2005.03.002
386:systemic lupus erythematosus
355:insulin-like growth factor 1
216:virginal mammary hypertrophy
2666:"Too Much of a Good Thing?"
2120:10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.04.042
1423:10.1007/978-3-319-60925-6_2
989:. OBGYN.net. Archived from
723:Virginal breast hypertrophy
704:("Just My Wish") hosted by
226:occurs before the onset of
212:virginal breast hypertrophy
194:Virginal breast hypertrophy
3642:
3035:10.1016/j.bjps.2007.10.053
2900:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.03.067
1376:10.1007/s12020-019-02065-x
953:10.1016/j.bjps.2007.10.041
845:10.1016/j.bjps.2010.04.043
636:Philosophical Transactions
622:Philosophical Transactions
582:Medical insurance coverage
2935:10.1007/s00404-010-1714-8
2816:"Peter Parker Collection"
2628:10.1007/s00266-005-0214-x
2616:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
2162:Annals of Plastic Surgery
366:aromatase excess syndrome
40:
3168:Joseph, Jacques (1987).
3118:Southern Medical Journal
2864:10.4314/wajm.v26i3.28321
2668:. Seattle Woman Magazine
2221:10.1136/bcr.01.2010.2632
1835:10.4103/1117-1936.181422
884:Rosen's Breast Pathology
351:hepatocyte growth factor
3468:Chronic cystic mastitis
2346:10.1530/endoabs.35.P878
2074:David J. Dabbs (2012).
1996:10.1242/dev.129.17.4159
715:
698:
574:, neck pain, upper and
359:epidermal growth factor
106:sensitivity to certain
3463:Duct ectasia of breast
3408:Granulomatous mastitis
3000:"Pilma's heavy burden"
2797:10.1098/rstl.1669.0048
2386:10.1054/bjps.2001.3691
1787:10.1210/jc.2002-021780
737:curvature of the spine
650:
631:
616:
208:juvenile gigantomastia
3424:Physiological changes
3403:Nonpuerperal mastitis
3282:Hypertrophy of breast
3060:Touraine, P. (2005).
2749:10.1353/hlq.2015.0026
2035:10.1038/ejhg.2009.236
1550:Pol. Merkur. Lekarski
1511:10.1007/s002470050601
1281:Arch. Gynecol. Obstet
1176:Plast. Reconstr. Surg
1057:Plast. Reconstr. Surg
741:reduction mammoplasty
644:
626:
610:
468:reduction mammaplasty
130:Description and types
3284:at Wikimedia Commons
3079:10.1210/jc.2005-0642
2986:"Jasna Galleguillos"
2782:(45β56): 1068β1069.
1884:10.1155/2016/3576024
1822:Niger Postgrad Med J
675:(66 lb) total.
594:for a year or more.
204:juvenile macromastia
3528:Nipple pigmentation
3475:Dense breast tissue
2788:1669RSPT....4.1068D
2590:"Now I Can Be Free"
2338:Endocrine Abstracts
1499:Pediatric Radiology
1109:10.1155/2015/892369
987:Ask the Expert FAQs
866:To Wo Chiu (2011).
816:Palmuth, T (1648),
528:Society and culture
374:Hyperprolactinaemia
3458:Breast hypertrophy
3453:Breast engorgement
3413:Subareolar abscess
3002:. October 29, 2009
2974:on August 3, 2012.
2814:(April 17, 1848).
2559:10.1007/BF00309238
2490:The New York Times
2258:The Breast Journal
1593:10.1111/jcmm.12275
1460:10.1007/BF01963555
1417:. pp. 31β45.
1293:10.1007/bf02505314
1153:. The Register U.K
1036:on October 4, 2017
795:10.1007/BF00180324
651:
617:
598:Reported instances
224:breast development
88:Breast hypertrophy
36:Breast hypertrophy
27:Rare human disease
3608:
3607:
3350:
3349:
3280:Media related to
3195:Annals of Surgery
3151:John Blair Deaver
2826:on 13 August 2009
2709:978-3-642-21837-8
2596:. People Magazine
2421:978-3-540-69743-5
2215:: bcr0120102632.
2087:978-1-4377-0604-8
1701:978-3-662-46598-1
1432:978-3-319-60924-9
894:978-1-4698-7070-0
402:genetic mutations
210:and sometimes as
85:
84:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3633:
3516:Nipple discharge
3377:
3370:
3363:
3354:
3289:
3279:
3265:
3250:
3239:
3228:
3218:
3185:
3164:
3141:
3112:
3091:
3081:
3072:(9): 5287β5294.
3047:
3046:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2970:. Archived from
2964:
2955:
2954:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2822:. Archived from
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2465:fairygodboss.com
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2273:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2209:BMJ Case Reports
2200:
2194:
2193:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2122:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2077:Breast Pathology
2071:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1886:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1781:(7): 3027β3034.
1769:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1587:(7): 1257β1266.
1572:
1566:
1565:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1111:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1017:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
979:
973:
972:
936:
930:
929:
908:
899:
898:
878:
872:
871:
863:
857:
856:
828:
822:
821:
813:
807:
806:
778:
718:
703:
691:breast reduction
592:physical therapy
588:breast reduction
547:Soleil Moon Frye
519:breast reduction
476:breast reduction
370:hyperestrogenism
368:(a condition of
296:-induced (e.g.,
278:breast reduction
220:menstrual period
45:
33:
21:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3621:Breast diseases
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3568:
3549:Breast hematoma
3532:
3511:Inverted nipple
3506:Cracked nipples
3494:
3425:
3419:
3386:
3381:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3300:
3272:
3253:
3242:
3231:
3188:
3182:
3167:
3149:
3115:
3094:
3059:
3056:
3054:Further reading
3051:
3050:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2730:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2594:Vol. 39, No. 16
2587:
2586:
2582:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2500:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2373:Br J Plast Surg
2366:
2365:
2361:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1990:(17): 4159β70.
1980:
1979:
1975:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1681:
1680:
1669:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1334:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1022:"Gigantomastia"
1019:
1018:
1005:
996:
994:
981:
980:
976:
938:
937:
933:
911:
909:
902:
895:
880:
879:
875:
865:
864:
860:
830:
829:
825:
815:
814:
810:
780:
779:
775:
770:
753:
725:
680:Montel Williams
672:North Macedonia
613:William Durston
605:
600:
584:
576:lower back pain
535:
530:
487:
441:
384:) and, rarely,
326:
286:
258:
196:
132:
110:such as female
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3455:
3450:
3448:Breast atrophy
3445:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3426:and conditions
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3384:Breast disease
3382:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3317:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:Classification
3286:
3285:
3271:
3270:External links
3268:
3267:
3266:
3251:
3240:
3229:
3186:
3180:
3165:
3147:
3142:
3113:
3103:(3): 261β267.
3092:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3013:
2991:
2977:
2956:
2913:
2894:(1): 133β134.
2878:
2857:(3): 250β252.
2837:
2803:
2762:
2743:(2): 157β186.
2720:
2708:
2678:
2657:
2622:(5): 535β537.
2606:
2580:
2534:
2509:
2476:
2452:
2427:
2420:
2400:
2359:
2328:
2293:
2244:
2195:
2152:
2093:
2086:
2066:
2029:(6): 662β667.
2009:
1973:
1916:
1857:
1808:
1764:
1727:(4): 397β409.
1707:
1700:
1667:
1640:(1): 100β102.
1624:
1567:
1540:
1505:(5): 331β333.
1489:
1454:(3): 154β157.
1438:
1431:
1405:
1370:(2): 166β177.
1350:
1332:
1314:
1271:
1260:(34): 1465β6.
1254:S. Afr. Med. J
1244:
1209:
1163:
1141:
1082:
1047:
1003:
974:
947:(5): 493β502.
931:
900:
893:
873:
858:
823:
808:
772:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
759:
752:
749:
724:
721:
645:A painting by
604:
601:
599:
596:
583:
580:
552:Punky Brewster
534:
531:
529:
526:
485:
440:
437:
378:hypercalcaemia
347:growth factors
325:
322:
285:
282:
257:
254:
195:
192:
131:
128:
120:growth factors
83:
82:
79:
73:
72:
69:
63:
62:
53:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3638:
3627:
3626:Rare diseases
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3181:0-9605972-1-2
3177:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:(8): e263-6.
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2679:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2547:Surgery Today
2541:
2539:
2535:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2510:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2477:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1556:(66): 507β9.
1555:
1552:(in Polish).
1551:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:9780632006847
1329:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
993:on 2006-05-02
992:
988:
984:
978:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
935:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
907:
905:
901:
896:
890:
886:
885:
877:
874:
869:
862:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
827:
824:
819:
812:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
777:
774:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
750:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:Surgery Today
722:
720:
717:
711:
707:
706:Vicky Morales
702:
701:
694:
692:
688:
683:
681:
676:
673:
669:
663:
659:
655:
648:
643:
639:
637:
630:
625:
623:
614:
609:
603:Gigantomastia
602:
597:
595:
593:
589:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
563:
560:
559:
554:
553:
548:
542:
540:
532:
527:
525:
522:
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:bromocriptine
492:
489:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
453:bromocriptine
450:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:penicillamine
409:
407:
403:
399:
396:. Aside from
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
323:
321:
319:
315:
312:-associated,
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:penicillamine
295:
291:
283:
281:
279:
273:
270:
268:
262:
255:
253:
250:
248:
243:
241:
240:clitoromegaly
237:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
193:
191:
188:
186:
182:
181:penicillamine
178:
174:
170:
166:
160:
158:
154:
150:
149:gigantomastia
146:
142:
138:
129:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:gigantomastia
97:
93:
89:
80:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
61:
60:endocrinology
57:
54:
52:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
3585:Fat necrosis
3521:Galactorrhea
3480:Gynecomastia
3457:
3391:Inflammation
3334:
3319:
3304:
3256:
3245:
3234:
3198:
3194:
3170:
3155:
3124:(4): 434β7.
3121:
3117:
3100:
3096:
3069:
3065:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2994:
2980:
2972:the original
2929:(3): 575β8.
2926:
2922:
2916:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2824:the original
2819:
2806:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2740:
2736:
2713:, retrieved
2691:
2681:
2670:. Retrieved
2660:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2593:
2583:
2553:(3): 260β4.
2550:
2546:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:
2512:
2501:. Retrieved
2489:
2479:
2468:. Retrieved
2464:
2455:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:
2430:
2410:
2403:
2379:(8): 720β3.
2376:
2372:
2362:
2337:
2331:
2309:(1): 100β2.
2306:
2302:
2296:
2264:(5): 492β5.
2261:
2257:
2247:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2076:
2069:
2026:
2022:
2012:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1683:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1414:
1408:
1367:
1363:
1345:
1323:
1317:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1225:(1): 27β32.
1222:
1218:
1212:
1182:(4): 840β8.
1179:
1175:
1155:. Retrieved
1144:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1063:(2): 303β9.
1060:
1056:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:the original
1029:
1025:
995:. Retrieved
991:the original
986:
977:
944:
940:
934:
920:(2): 125β8.
917:
913:
883:
876:
867:
861:
839:(2): 160β3.
836:
832:
826:
817:
811:
786:
782:
776:
745:
733:menstruation
728:
726:
716:Wish Ko Lang
700:Wish Ko Lang
695:
684:
677:
664:
660:
656:
652:
635:
632:
627:
621:
618:
585:
564:
556:
550:
543:
536:
533:Difficulties
523:
515:
507:antiestrogen
481:
464:testosterone
449:progesterone
442:
433:prednisolone
421:neothetazone
410:
363:
339:progesterone
327:
310:autoimmunity
287:
274:
271:
263:
259:
251:
244:
232:
228:menstruation
215:
211:
207:
203:
197:
189:
161:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
123:
112:sex hormones
99:
95:
87:
86:
77:Risk factors
3559:Galactocele
3554:Breast lump
3544:Breast cyst
3490:Micromastia
3485:Mammoplasia
3443:Anisomastia
3201:(1): 61β6.
2523:MadameNoire
2113:: 140β143.
1984:Development
1936:(9): e501.
1828:(1): 45β9.
1686:: 239β245.
1287:(2): 87β9.
1040:October 26,
762:Norma Stitz
757:Mammoplasia
710:folk healer
687:Antofagasta
499:cabergoline
474:. However,
460:leuprorelin
425:ciclosporin
417:bucillamine
306:bucillamine
302:ciclosporin
137:macromastia
124:progressive
96:macromastia
18:Macromastia
3615:Categories
3336:DiseasesDB
2715:2024-08-21
2672:2013-03-14
2600:2009-09-12
2528:2019-04-01
2503:2019-04-01
2470:2019-04-01
2446:2019-04-01
2303:The Breast
1634:The Breast
1157:2011-08-16
997:2006-11-21
768:References
472:mastectomy
290:idiopathic
157:ulceration
153:gigantikos
104:histologic
56:Gynecology
2757:1544-399X
2652:189870808
2636:1432-5241
2498:0362-4331
2354:1479-6848
2129:2210-2612
2043:1018-4813
1950:2169-7574
1893:2090-6501
1795:0021-972X
1741:1744-6651
1654:0960-9776
1601:1582-1838
1519:0301-0449
1468:0340-6199
1400:201989138
1384:1355-008X
1364:Endocrine
1219:Arch Surg
1118:2090-6684
961:1748-6815
572:headaches
509:and weak
445:tamoxifen
439:Treatment
429:indinavir
398:aromatase
345:) and/or
343:prolactin
318:syndromes
143:: large,
116:prolactin
51:Specialty
3398:Mastitis
3225:17865606
3153:(1917).
3109:17937167
3088:15972574
3043:18291739
3006:22 March
2951:20169309
2943:20978777
2908:18694661
2873:18399346
2830:21 March
2812:Qua, Lam
2644:16858658
2575:37288399
2395:11728119
2323:16005231
2288:29713936
2280:18657144
2239:22707463
2190:13015277
2182:11352426
2147:31146195
2061:20145678
2004:12163417
1968:26495214
1911:27195157
1844:20348982
1803:12843139
1759:25264451
1662:16005231
1619:24720804
1562:11899849
1535:21758333
1527:10382209
1484:24172907
1392:31502211
1309:19285744
1204:21477770
1196:16980844
1136:26713166
1102:: 1β10.
969:18054304
926:16329566
853:20965141
803:19355441
751:See also
511:androgen
493:such as
491:agonists
488:receptor
404:(one in
335:estrogen
331:hormones
267:mastitis
242:occurs.
173:pubertal
151:(Greek,
139:(Greek,
108:hormones
67:Symptoms
3600:Tension
3438:Amastia
3216:1399262
3138:8614890
2784:Bibcode
2567:8467179
2230:3062818
2138:6541761
2052:2987341
1959:4596426
1902:4852364
1877:: 1β5.
1852:5742903
1750:4162655
1610:4124011
1476:2044582
1342:8252620
1301:9059749
1266:4136526
1239:5635401
1127:4680110
1077:1631223
647:Lam Qua
503:Danazol
349:(e.g.,
333:(e.g.,
236:nipples
200:puberty
185:obesity
165:nipples
3595:Ptosis
3580:Amazia
3537:Masses
3499:Nipple
3223:
3213:
3178:
3136:
3107:
3086:
3041:
2949:
2941:
2906:
2871:
2755:
2706:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2573:
2565:
2496:
2418:
2393:
2352:
2321:
2286:
2278:
2237:
2227:
2188:
2180:
2145:
2135:
2127:
2084:
2059:
2049:
2041:
2002:
1966:
1956:
1948:
1909:
1899:
1891:
1850:
1842:
1801:
1793:
1757:
1747:
1739:
1698:
1660:
1652:
1617:
1607:
1599:
1560:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1429:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1340:
1330:
1307:
1299:
1264:
1237:
1202:
1194:
1134:
1124:
1116:
1075:
1026:Leaven
967:
959:
924:
891:
851:
801:
668:Skopje
568:rashes
558:People
462:, and
455:, the
431:, and
357:, and
341:, and
324:Causes
316:, and
314:tumors
177:gravid
169:areola
145:mastos
118:, and
92:breast
3573:Other
3330:611.1
2947:S2CID
2648:S2CID
2571:S2CID
2441:Tonic
2284:S2CID
2186:S2CID
1848:S2CID
1531:S2CID
1480:S2CID
1396:S2CID
1305:S2CID
1200:S2CID
799:S2CID
789:(6).
505:, an
394:obese
247:below
141:macro
3590:Pain
3341:1628
3325:9-CM
3221:PMID
3176:ISBN
3134:PMID
3105:PMID
3084:PMID
3039:PMID
3008:2010
2939:PMID
2904:PMID
2869:PMID
2832:2010
2753:ISSN
2704:ISBN
2640:PMID
2632:ISSN
2563:PMID
2494:ISSN
2416:ISBN
2391:PMID
2350:ISSN
2319:PMID
2276:PMID
2235:PMID
2213:2011
2178:PMID
2143:PMID
2125:ISSN
2082:ISBN
2057:PMID
2039:ISSN
2000:PMID
1964:PMID
1946:ISSN
1907:PMID
1889:ISSN
1875:2016
1840:PMID
1799:PMID
1791:ISSN
1755:PMID
1737:ISSN
1696:ISBN
1658:PMID
1650:ISSN
1615:PMID
1597:ISSN
1558:PMID
1523:PMID
1515:ISSN
1472:PMID
1464:ISSN
1427:ISBN
1388:PMID
1380:ISSN
1338:OCLC
1328:ISBN
1297:PMID
1262:PMID
1235:PMID
1192:PMID
1132:PMID
1114:ISSN
1100:2015
1073:PMID
1042:2009
965:PMID
957:ISSN
922:PMID
889:ISBN
849:PMID
539:bras
497:and
470:and
406:PTEN
388:and
294:drug
167:and
98:and
3321:ICD
3315:N62
3306:ICD
3262:147
3211:PMC
3203:doi
3161:102
3126:doi
3074:doi
3031:doi
2931:doi
2927:284
2896:doi
2859:doi
2792:doi
2745:doi
2696:doi
2624:doi
2555:doi
2381:doi
2342:doi
2311:doi
2266:doi
2225:PMC
2217:doi
2170:doi
2133:PMC
2115:doi
2047:PMC
2031:doi
1992:doi
1988:129
1954:PMC
1938:doi
1897:PMC
1879:doi
1830:doi
1783:doi
1745:PMC
1729:doi
1688:doi
1642:doi
1605:PMC
1589:doi
1507:doi
1456:doi
1452:150
1419:doi
1372:doi
1289:doi
1285:259
1227:doi
1184:doi
1180:118
1122:PMC
1104:doi
1065:doi
949:doi
841:doi
791:doi
670:in
372:).
308:),
249:).
214:or
206:or
3617::
3339::
3328::
3313::
3310:10
3219:.
3209:.
3199:85
3197:.
3193:.
3132:.
3122:89
3120:.
3101:16
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