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which is also susceptible to various forms of error. Most sources agree that the average age of menarche in girls in modern societies has declined, though the reasons and the degree remain subjects of controversy. From the sixth to the fifteenth centuries in Europe, most women reached menarche on average at about 14, between the ages of 12 and 15. The average age of menarche dropped from 14-15 years in the nineteenth century to 12-13 years in the present, but it seems that girls in the nineteenth century had a later age at menarche compared to girls in earlier centuries. A large North
American survey reported only a 2–3 month decline from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s. A 2011 study found that each 1 kg/m increase in childhood
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boys. Heredity also appears to play an important role. Compared to an overall age range of nine to 18 for menarche, the age difference for sisters averages only 13 months and for identical twins, less than three months. Body weight is a factor as well: puberty often begins earlier in heavier children of both sexes and later in thinner ones. The onset of menstruation, in particular, appears to be related to amounts of body fat. Girls with little body fat, especially athletes, often start menstruating at a later than-average age. Over the past 100 years, puberty has tended to begin increasingly early in both sexes (a phenomenon called the
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690:, Turkey, in 2011 found the median age at menarche to be 12.7 years. In the United States, an analysis of 10,590 women aged 15–44 taken from the 2013–2017 round of the CDC's National Survey of Family Growth found a median age of 11.9 years (down from 12.1 in 1995), with a mean of 12.5 years (down from 12.6).
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Menstruation is a cultural as well as scientific phenomenon as many societies have specific rituals and cultural norms associated with it. These rituals typically begin at menarche and some are enacted during each menstruation cycle. The rituals are important in determining a status change for girls.
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There were few systematic studies of timing of menarche before the later half of the 20th century. Most older estimates of average timing of menarche were based on observation of a small homogeneous population not necessarily representative of the larger population, or based on recall by adult women,
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The sequence and age range of the developmental changes associated with puberty can vary widely. Although most children begin puberty between the ages of 10 and 12, it can start at any age from 8 to 16. The most obvious determining factor is gender; on average, puberty arrives earlier for girls than
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program that teaches girls about menstruation and what to expect at the onset of menarche (often this takes place during the fourth grade). Historically menstruation has been a social taboo and girls were taught about menarche and menstruation by their mothers or a female role model. Then, and to an
1245:
Apaches place high importance on their menarche ceremony and it is regarded as the most important ritual in their tribe. Each year, there is an eight-day event celebrating all of the girls who have menstruated in the past year. The days are split between feasting and private ceremonies reflecting on
1172:
For young women in many cultures, the first menstruation is a marker that signifies a change in status. Post-menarche, the young woman enters a stage called maidenhood, the stage between menarche and marriage. There are cultures that have in past centuries, and in present, practiced rites of passage
891:
When a woman experiences menarche, the blood flow can vary from a slow and spotty discharge to a consistent blood flow for 3–7 days. While the color of the blood does range from a brown to bright red color, this is normal; some women have light periods while others have heavy ones; no two women will
3112:
The timing of physical maturation varies widely. In the United States today, menarche, the first menstrual period, typically occurs around age 12, although some youngsters start puberty when they are only eight or nine, others when they are well into their teens. The duration of puberty also varies
832:
in the first year after menarche, 50% in the third and 10% in the sixth year. Regular ovulation is usually indicated by predictable and consistent intervals between menses, predictable and consistent durations of menses, and predictable and consistent patterns of flow (e.g., heaviness or cramping).
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factors. The mean age of menarche has declined over the last century, but the magnitude of the decline and the factors responsible remain subjects of contention. The worldwide average age of menarche is very difficult to estimate accurately, and it varies significantly by geographical region, race,
643:
Girls experience menarche at different ages. Having menarche occur between the ages of 9–14 in the West is considered normal. Canadian psychological researcher Niva Piran claims that menarche or the perceived average age of puberty is used in many cultures to separate girls from activity with boys,
1147:
Fewer than 10% of U.S. girls start to menstruate before 11 years of age, and 90% of all U.S. girls are menstruating by 13.8 years of age, with a median age of 12.4 years. This age at menarche is not much different (0.3 years earlier) than that reported for U.S. girls in 1973. Age at menarche for
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on timing of puberty, especially female. Stress is a vague term and studies have examined conditions ranging from family tensions or conflict to wartime refugee status with threat to physical survival. The more dire social conditions have been found to be associated with delay of maturation, an
1408:
experiences her first period as she showers after the school gym class. Unaware of what is happening to her, she panics and pleads for help, but the other girls respond by bullying her. Carrie's first period unleashes her violent powers and is central to her dangerous and out of control
1067:
Despite the small magnitude of effect, interpretations of the data are politically controversial because of the ease with which this type of research can be used for political advocacy. Accusations of bias based on political agenda sometimes accompany scientific
860:, which would delay her menarche until after the end of the pregnancy. This goes against the widely held assumption that a woman cannot become pregnant until after menarche. A young age at menarche is not correlated with a young age at first sexual intercourse.
808:, consists of a combination of fresh and clotted blood with endometrial tissue. The initial flow of menarche is usually brighter than mature menstrual flow. It is often scanty in amount and may be very brief, even a single instance of "spotting". Like other
1372:(kinn-all-duh). Girls are expected to demonstrate their strength through footraces. The girls make a cornmeal pudding for the tribe to taste. The girls who experience menarche wear special clothes and style their hair like the Navajo goddess "
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ethnicity and other characteristics, and occurs mostly during a span of ages from 8 to 16, with a small percentage of girls having menarche by age 10, and the vast majority having it by the time they were 14. There is a later age of onset in
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populations compared to the West, but it too is changing with time. For example a Korean study in 2011 showed an overall average age of 12.7, with around 20% before age 12, and more than 90% by age 14. A Chinese study from 2014 published in
1063:
surveys. Statistical associations are not necessarily causal, and a variety of secondary variables and alternative explanations can be possibly intervening. Effects of such small size can never be confirmed or refuted for any individual
1425:(2022), although the film also explores other aspects of puberty as a whole and the protagonist does not actually start her first period. Girls experiencing their first period is part of many movies, particularly ones that include
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non-Hispanic black girls was significantly earlier than that of white girls at 10%, 25%, and 50% of those who had attained menarche, whereas non-white
Mexican American girls were only slightly earlier than the white girls at 25%.
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effect that may be compounded by dietary inadequacy. There is more uncertainty and mixed evidence as to whether milder degrees of stress or early-life under-nutrition can accelerate puberty in girls as would be predicted by
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No specific hormonal signal for menarche is known; menarche as a discrete event is thought to be the relatively chance result of the gradual thickening of the endometrium induced by rising but fluctuating pubertal estrogen.
1912:
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to which she confines herself for the remainder of her menses. The hut is burned and she is bathed in the river at the end of menstruation. When she returns to the village, she is paired with a man who will be her husband.
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Studies have been conducted to observe the association of the timing of menarche with various conditions and diseases. Some studies have shown that there may be an association between early or late-age menarche and
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Belsky J, Steinberg L, Houts RM, Halpern-Felsher BL (January 2010). "The development of reproductive strategy in females: early maternal harshness --> earlier menarche --> increased sexual risk taking".
1334:. The Beta Jews built their villages surrounding and near bodies of water specifically for their women to have a place to clean themselves. The menstruation huts were built close to these bodies of water.
1074:. While correlation can be objectively measured, causation is statistically inferred. Some suggest that childhood stress is caused by precocious puberty recognized later, rather than being the cause of it.
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is contacted to study the alignment of stars when the girl experiences menarche because it is believed that her future can be predicted. The women of the family then gather in her home and scrub her in a
1303:, where the women bathe her and recite spells. She will have to return to the menstruation hut every time she menstruates. Her parents build her a private hut that she will live in until she is married.
545:
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Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (April 2003). "Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart".
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Luijken J, van der Schouw YT, Mensink D, Onland-Moret NC (October 2017). "Association between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review on risk and potential mechanisms".
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showed similar results (overall average of age 12.8 in 2005 down to age 12.3 in 2014) and a similar trend in time, but also similar findings about ethnic, cultural, and environmental effects.
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women were separated from male society and sent to menstruation huts during menarche and every menstruation following as the blood associated with menstruation in the Beta Jewish culture was
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1931:
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1383:(also known as the Nootka) believe that physical endurance is the most important quality in young women. At menarche the girl is taken out to sea and left there to swim back.
83:
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and timing of menarche; a meta-analysis and systematic review has determined that more studies must be conducted to make any definitive conclusions about this association.
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486:
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980:, although the mechanism of the association is not well understood. A systematic review has concluded that early age at menarche is also a risk factor for the
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3964:
1955:
Atay Z, Turan S, Guran T, Furman A, Bereket A (July 2011). "Puberty and influencing factors in schoolgirls living in
Istanbul: end of the secular trend?".
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4327:
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The statistics are dispersed throughout the chapters specific to different countries around the globe, summarized and cited in several scientific papers.
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Zhang Z, Hu X, Yang C, Chen X (March 2019). "Early age at menarche is associated with insulin resistance: a systemic review and meta-analysis".
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Exploring the
Meaning of Becoming a Woman in Non-Western Culture: A narrative Analysis of First Menstruation Stories of Ethiopian Jewish Women
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1925:
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1618:
501:
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Chumlea WC, Schubert CM, Roche AF, Kulin HE, Lee PA, Himes JH, Sun SS (January 2003). "Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls".
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963:, in absence of any other symptoms. According to a review article, there may also be an association between early age at menarche and
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When menarche has failed to occur for more than three years after thelarche, or beyond 16 years of age, the delay is referred to as
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must be investigated and excluded. Growth is usually normal. Isolated premature menarche is rarely the first manifestation of
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In some cultures, a party, or celebration is thrown to show the girl's transition to womanhood. This party is similar to the
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2371:"Celiac disease and reproductive disorders: meta-analysis of epidemiologic associations and potential pathogenic mechanisms"
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treat a girl to "love magic". She is taught the ways of womanhood by the other women in her tribe. Her mother builds her a
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was the tradition of an ancient custom. The celebration was kept a secret from extended family until the rice was served.
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1200:, the girl is thrown a celebration. All of her family members are invited and the girl is showered with money and gifts.
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The understanding of these environmental effects is incomplete and the following observations and cautions are relevant:
959:. Short stature, delayed growth in height and weight, and/or delayed menarche may be the only clinical manifestations of
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Lei, Yuanting; Luo, Dongmei; Yan, Xiaojin; Zhang, Jingshu; Hu, Peijin; Ma, Jun; Song, Yi; Lau, Patrick W. C. (2021).
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are not related. All the rice of ancient times of Japan was red. Since rice was precious in ancient Japan (usually,
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Some of the aspects of family structure and function reported to be independently associated with earlier menarche
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Girlwonder: Every Girl's Guide to the
Fantastic Feats, Cool Qualities, and Remarkable Abilities of Women and Girls.
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Apter D (February 1980). "Serum steroids and pituitary hormones in female puberty: a partly longitudinal study".
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transformation. This theme is common to horror movies, another notable example being the
Canadian horror movie
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Fluctuations of hormone levels can result in changes of adequacy of blood supply to parts of the endometrium.
1188:, a traditional Japanese dish of sticky rice steamed with azuki beans, was sometimes served after menarche.
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Marino JL, Skinner SR, Doherty DA, Rosenthal SL, Cooper
Robbins SC, Cannon J, Hickey M (December 2013).
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1141:(BMI) can be expected to result in a 6.5% higher absolute risk of early menarche (before age 12 years).
421:
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Wei C, Crowne EC (May 2016). "Recent advances in the understanding and management of delayed puberty".
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Bobel, C.; Winkler, I. T.; Fahs, B.; Hasson, K. A.; Kissling, E. A.; Roberts, T. A.; Piran, N. (2020).
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ceremony. Her family then throws a familial party at which the girl wears white and may receive gifts.
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Mechanisms of these social effects are unknown, though a variety of physiological processes, including
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are not always discriminatory, underlying pathologies are not identified and the girl is classified as
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On the other hand, not every girl follows the typical pattern, and some girls ovulate before the first
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Tersigni C, Castellani R, de Waure C, Fattorossi A, De
Spirito M, Gasbarrini A, et al. (2014).
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Leffler DA, Green PH, Fasano A (October 2015). "Extraintestinal manifestations of coeliac disease".
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extent now, menstruation was a private matter and a girl's menarche was not a community phenomenon.
192:
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Levy J, Bernstein L, Silber N (December 2014). "Celiac disease: an immune dysregulation syndrome".
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1862:"Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth"
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Upon menarche and completion of the ritual, they have become a woman as defined by their culture.
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Death of some of the endometrial tissue from these hormone or blood supply fluctuations leads to
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into the abdomen of their girls during menarche. The lines are supposed to represent fertility.
632:. From both social and medical perspectives, it is often considered the central event of female
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2755:"Determinants of age at menarche in the UK: analyses from the Breakthrough Generations Study"
1554:"International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: Patterns and main determinants"
1415:(2000), where the protagonist's first period is central to her gradual transformation into a
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1815:"The mean age of menarche among Chinese schoolgirls declined by 6 months from 2005 to 2014"
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had her first period, the family sometimes celebrated by eating red-colored rice and beans
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in Latin
America, except that a specific age marks the transition rather than menarche. In
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Certain systemic or chronic illness can delay menarche, such as undiagnosed and untreated
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Secular trend in decrease in age of menarche in
Western European and North American girls
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1477:(2022) in which the eponymous healthcare robot helps a girl deal with her first period.
197:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Gluckman PD, Hanson MA (January 2006). "Evolution, development and timing of puberty".
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2689:"Association between Obesity and Puberty Timing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
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51:
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Amundsen Darrel; Dreis Carol Jean (1973). "The Age of Menarche in Medieval Europe".
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2152:"Age at menarche and age at first sexual intercourse: a prospective cohort study"
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95:, specifically: overreliance on primary sources, and a good deal of uncited text.
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In very rare instances, menarche may occur at an unusually early age, preceding
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Lee, Mee-Hwa; Kim, Shin Hye; Oh, Minkyung; Lee, Kuk-Wha; Park, Mi-Jung (2016).
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2000:"Trends and Patterns in Menarche in the United States: 1995 through 2013-2017"
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greatly: eighteen months to six years in girls and two to five years in boys.
2855:
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Morris DH, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, Ashworth A, Swerdlow AJ (November 2010).
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Traggiai C, Stanhope R (February 2003). "Disorders of pubertal development".
2014:
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1535:, who had her menarche at age 8 months and is the youngest mother in history
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Steinberg, Laurence (2000). "Adolescence". In Strickland, Bonnie B. (ed.).
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condition. There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between
3028:
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Mumby HS, Elks CE, Li S, Sharp SJ, Khaw KT, Luben RN, et al. (2011).
2943:
2128:
2060:
1569:
1552:
Thomas, F.; Renaud, F.; Benefice, E.; De Meeüs, T.; Guegan, J. F. (2001).
1419:. The theme of transformation around the menarche is similarly present in
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Over an interval of about 2 to 3 years, estrogen stimulates growth of the
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1471:(1999). Menarche is also discussed in an episode of the animated series
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1764:"Age at menarche in Korean adolescents: Trends and influencing factors"
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if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
2039:
Frisch RE (August 1987). "Body fat, menarche, fitness and fertility".
1830:
1519:, the equivalent opposite change at the end of the child-bearing years
1234:
communities, young women are given a special menarche ceremony called
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2840:"Early life circumstances and their impact on menarche and menopause"
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and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.
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3423:"Father absence, parental care, and female reproductive development"
3012:"Mendelian Randomisation Study of Childhood BMI and Early Menarche"
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Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
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has occurred. In postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles were
4058:
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2957:
2211:"First period: Early signs, how long it lasts, and self-care tips"
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When menarche occurs, it confirms that the girl has had a gradual
848:. Although unlikely, it is possible for a girl who has engaged in
788:, a sloughing of part of the lining with some blood flow from the
742:
629:
393:
337:
301:
284:
2693:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2498:
Guandalini S, Assiri A (March 2014). "Celiac disease: a review".
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Most of these "effects" are statistical associations revealed by
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3492:
3269:
American Indian religious traditions: an encyclopedia, Volume 2
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
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2736:
2734:
1652:"The Menarche Journey: Embodied Connections and Disconnections"
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The Modern Period: Menstruation in Twentieth Century America
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Early onset puberty causes emotional issues at preschool age
2687:
Li W, Liu Q, Deng X, Chen Y, Liu S, Story M (October 2017).
2568:
Kapil U, Bhadoria AS, Sareen N, Singh P, Dwivedi SN (2014).
2463:
Mearin ML (June 2015). "The prevention of coeliac disease".
1860:
Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H (November 2010).
880:, and that the "outflow tract" from the uterus, through the
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570:
3479:
For mothers supporting their daughters as they come of age
2570:"Reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer: A Review"
3161:
School-age Pregnancy and Parenthood: Biosocial Dimensions
2535:
Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
935:(which often occurs without gastrointestinal symptoms),
841:
term for this state of potential fertility is nubility.
3163:. New York: Aldine De Gruyter. 1986. pp. 273–275.
2465:
Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
98:
1656:
The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies
1223:
was eaten), it was eaten only during the celebration.
1036:
Other research has focused on the effect of childhood
594:
582:
576:
678:
The average age of menarche was about 12.7 years in
4417:
4394:
4361:
4326:
4303:
4215:
4113:
4029:
3991:
3874:
3816:
3788:
3757:
3669:
3646:
3611:
3585:
3578:
3557:
3526:
2321:
2319:
573:
567:
191:. The reason given is: many sources are dated, see
774:Estrogen stimulates growth and vascularity of the
2838:Mishra GD, Cooper R, Tom SE, Kuh D (March 2009).
2328:Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
2263:Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
1599:Cherry, Andrew L.; Dillon, Mary E., eds. (2014).
1010:Being a singleton, i.e. not a twin, triplet, etc.
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
2082:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
1056:, have been suggested based on animal research.
647:The timing of menarche is influenced by female
3656:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
3061:Strickland, Bonnie B., ed. (2001). "Puberty".
1602:International Handbook of Adolescent Pregnancy
97:Please review the contents of the article and
3965:
3504:
539:
8:
3067:(Second ed.). Gale Group. p. 528.
1007:Having experienced pre-eclampsia in the womb
3100:(Second ed.). Gale Group. p. 11.
1703:Karapanou O, Papadimitriou A (2010-09-30).
1338:Rituals of transformation and scarification
899:and other signs of puberty. This is termed
824:In most girls, menarche does not mean that
703:Menarche is the culmination of a series of
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3972:
3958:
3950:
3582:
3511:
3497:
3489:
2074:Lacroix AE, Gondal H, Langaker MD (2021).
833:Continuing ovulation typically requires a
719:(typically around 17% of total body mass).
546:
532:
231:
3037:
3027:
2863:
2778:
2714:
2704:
2585:
2396:
2386:
2178:
1887:
1877:
1789:
1779:
1738:
1720:
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
3246:Census of India, 1971: A. General report
1088:
1045:and demonstrated in many other mammals.
992:Effects of stress and social environment
644:and to begin transition into womanhood.
3484:Discusses some of the social influences
2261:Umławska W, Krzyzanowska M (2009). "".
1920:(2nd ed.). Blackwell. p. 29.
1544:
951:, among others. In some cases, because
454:
401:
345:
261:
243:
3386:Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism
2910:Essentials of biological anthropology.
2241:Precocious Puberty (Complete, Partial)
1709:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
4343:Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
3349:"A Brief History of Onscreen Periods"
2053:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136582
2034:
2032:
1633:
1631:
7:
2958:"Average age of Menarche in History"
1638:US National Health Statistics Report
1283:Rituals of cleansing or purification
1215:. The color of blood and the red of
1072:Correlation does not imply causation
16:Female human's first menstrual cycle
4338:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
3098:The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology
3064:The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology
636:, as it signals the possibility of
3361:from the original on April 1, 2021
2121:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1980.tb02125.x
2007:National Health Statistics Reports
1173:for a girl experiencing menarche.
1144:This is called the secular trend.
1098:appears to contradict the article
1022:High-conflict family relationships
14:
3213:Information Please Girls' Almanac
2235:R. Stanhope; C. Traggiai (2006).
812:, menarche may be accompanied by
41:This article has multiple issues.
3347:Charisma, Tina (April 1, 2021).
2512:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3858
2434:10.1136/archdischild-2014-307963
2422:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1911:Hamilton-Fairley, Diana (2004).
1087:
620: 'beginning') is the first
563:
513:
253:
178:
163:
71:
30:
3803:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
3187:Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.
2623:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.07.009
852:shortly before her menarche to
49:or discuss these issues on the
1079:Changes in time of average age
892:have an identical experience.
99:add the appropriate references
1:
4506:Human female endocrine system
3450:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00039-4
3216:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2658:10.1080/00325481.2019.1559429
1397:(1976), an adaptation of the
1274:, some public schools have a
1164:Seclusion of girls at puberty
1032:Lack of exercise in childhood
971:Conditions and disease states
3824:Menstrual hygiene management
3775:Premenstrual water retention
3749:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
3714:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
3430:Evolution and Human Behavior
3266:Crawford O'Brien SJ (2005).
2547:10.1016/j.cppeds.2014.10.002
1998:Martinez, Gladys M. (2020).
1664:10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_18
1019:Previous exposure to smoking
457:Developmental stage theories
318:Emerging and early adulthood
2912:Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
957:constitutional growth delay
901:isolated premature menarche
778:, the lining of the uterus.
759:(as well as height growth,
715:Attainment of a sufficient
84:reliable medical references
4522:
4328:Reproductive endocrinology
1914:Obstetrics and Gynaecology
1705:"Determinants of menarche"
1366:have a celebration called
1246:their new womanly status.
1161:
1155:
1016:Not having been breast-fed
707:and anatomic processes of
613: 'month' and
403:Development and psychology
18:
4396:Human reproductive system
3719:Metropathia haemorrhagica
3629:Billings Ovulation Method
3398:10.1016/j.tem.2005.11.006
2759:British Journal of Cancer
2477:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.003
2375:Human Reproduction Update
2340:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.131
2243:. Armenian Health Network
1781:10.1186/s12978-016-0240-y
1611:10.1007/978-1-4899-8026-7
1456:Return to the Blue Lagoon
767:, and increased regional
682:in 2001, and 12.9 in the
187:This article needs to be
90:or relies too heavily on
3934:Sustainable menstruation
3914:Menstruation celebration
2856:10.2217/17455057.5.2.175
2805:Developmental Psychology
2587:10.4103/0019-509X.175345
2574:Indian Journal of Cancer
2215:www.medicalnewstoday.com
1879:10.1186/1471-2458-10-736
1158:Culture and menstruation
1000:Being non-white (in the
941:diabetes mellitus type 1
763:growth, widening of the
482:Psychosexual development
19:Not to be confused with
3876:In culture and religion
3299:Freidenfelds L (2009).
3243:Chockalingam K (1973).
2896:April 16, 2013, at the
2302:10.1053/ybeog.2003.0360
1722:10.1186/1477-7827-8-115
1295:call a girl's menarche
1025:Increased incidence of
872:-induced growth of the
726:pulse generator in the
4418:Diseases and disorders
4227:Sexual differentiation
3704:Irregular menstruation
3661:Lactational amenorrhea
3624:Calendar-based methods
3593:Basal body temperature
3139:10.1542/peds.111.1.110
2989:10.1542/peds.111.4.844
2771:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605978
2706:10.3390/ijerph14101266
2171:10.1542/peds.2012-3634
2109:Clinical Endocrinology
2076:"Physiology, Menarche"
1969:10.1542/peds.2010-2267
1402:novel of the same name
1189:
1177:Celebratory ceremonies
1133:
1105:Please discuss at the
978:cardiovascular disease
903:, but other causes of
722:Disinhibition of the
686:. A study of girls in
4476:Developmental biology
4450:Premature ejaculation
4445:Hard flaccid syndrome
4115:Human sexual activity
3904:Menstrual suppression
3866:Menstrual Hygiene Day
3798:Premenstrual syndrome
2908:Boaz, N.T. (1999): .
2646:Postgraduate Medicine
2388:10.1093/humupd/dmu007
1570:10.1353/hub.2001.0029
1438:The Company of Wolves
1332:believed to be impure
1184:
1129:
949:inflammatory diseases
820:Relation to fertility
657:environmental factors
520:Psychology portal
422:Nature versus nurture
346:Biological milestones
4481:Developmental stages
4440:Erectile dysfunction
1658:. pp. 201–214.
1444:An Angel at My Table
1429:plot lines, such as
1391:In the horror movie
837:of at least 22%. An
374:Language acquisition
4219:reproductive system
4207:Vaginal lubrication
3985:sexual reproduction
3839:Cloth menstrual pad
3808:Menstrual psychosis
3770:Menstrual synchrony
3619:Fertility awareness
3442:2003EHumB..24..376Q
3029:10.1155/2011/180729
2237:"Isolated Menarche"
1768:Reproductive Health
1358:Rituals of strength
1250:Rituals of learning
1043:life history theory
835:body fat percentage
717:body fat percentage
497:Cultural-historical
4217:Development of the
4128:Sexual intercourse
3421:Quinlan R (2003).
3016:Journal of Obesity
2983:(4 Pt 1): 844–50.
2041:Human Reproduction
1468:A Walk on the Moon
1190:
1134:
1132:After: Boaz (1999)
982:insulin resistance
916:primary amenorrhea
909:precocious puberty
850:sexual intercourse
814:abdominal cramping
626:menstrual bleeding
412:Pre- and perinatal
4501:Sexuality and age
4463:
4462:
4232:Sexual dimorphism
4197:Postpartum period
3947:
3946:
3642:
3641:
3527:Events and phases
3210:Siegel A (1995).
3170:978-0-202-30321-5
3074:978-0-7876-4786-5
1927:978-1-4051-2066-1
1866:BMC Public Health
1831:10.1111/apa.15441
1673:978-981-15-0613-0
1620:978-1-4899-8025-0
1124:
1123:
1027:childhood obesity
953:biochemical tests
876:, especially the
556:
555:
230:
229:
222:
212:
211:
172:
171:
148:
64:
4513:
4202:Mechanics of sex
4011:Follicular phase
3981:Human physiology
3974:
3967:
3960:
3951:
3919:Menstruation hut
3899:Menstrual stigma
3859:Period underwear
3829:Feminine hygiene
3765:Folliculogenesis
3709:Menometrorrhagia
3583:
3539:Follicular phase
3513:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3458:
3452:. Archived from
3427:
3417:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3207:
3188:
3183:Hartman, Holly.
3181:
3175:
3174:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2927:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2889:, 3 April 2013.
2884:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2817:10.1037/a0015549
2799:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2750:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2182:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2004:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1930:. Archived from
1919:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1819:Acta Paediatrica
1810:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1783:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1724:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1647:
1641:
1640:, September 2020
1635:
1626:
1624:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1549:
1299:. She goes to a
1264:menstruation hut
1119:
1116:
1110:
1091:
1090:
1083:
905:vaginal bleeding
672:Acta Paediatrica
598:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
548:
541:
534:
518:
517:
516:
417:Infant and child
257:
232:
225:
218:
207:
204:
198:
182:
181:
174:
167:
166:
158:
155:
149:
147:
106:
75:
74:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4486:Menstrual cycle
4466:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4413:
4390:
4357:
4330:and infertility
4329:
4322:
4299:
4218:
4211:
4109:
4039:Spermatogenesis
4025:
3993:Menstrual cycle
3987:
3978:
3948:
3943:
3909:Menstrual taboo
3894:Menstrual leave
3870:
3812:
3784:
3780:Sexual activity
3753:
3744:Polymenorrhagia
3729:Oligoamenorrhea
3689:Cryptomenorrhea
3665:
3638:
3634:Creighton Model
3607:
3574:
3553:
3522:
3520:Menstrual cycle
3517:
3475:
3470:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3425:
3420:
3383:
3379:
3377:Further reading
3374:
3364:
3362:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3209:
3208:
3191:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3075:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2907:
2903:
2898:Wayback Machine
2885:
2881:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2765:(11): 1760–64.
2752:
2751:
2732:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2500:JAMA Pediatrics
2497:
2496:
2492:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1917:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1674:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1528:Delayed puberty
1483:
1432:The Blue Lagoon
1389:
1360:
1340:
1301:menstrual house
1285:
1252:
1179:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1139:body-mass index
1131:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1092:
1081:
1013:Low birthweight
994:
973:
945:cystic fibrosis
929:
927:Chronic illness
924:
866:
839:anthropological
822:
745:in response to
728:arcuate nucleus
701:
696:
622:menstrual cycle
596:
566:
562:
552:
514:
512:
459:
314:
298:
287:
247:and development
246:
226:
215:
214:
213:
208:
202:
199:
196:
183:
179:
168:
164:
159:
153:
150:
107:
96:
92:primary sources
76:
72:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4519:
4517:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4223:
4221:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4123:Sexual arousal
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4044:spermatogonium
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Period poverty
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3758:Related events
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3739:Oligoovulation
3736:
3734:Oligomenorrhea
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3598:Cervical mucus
3595:
3589:
3587:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3474:
3473:External links
3471:
3469:
3468:
3418:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3339:
3332:Tal I (2004).
3324:
3312:978-0801892455
3311:
3291:
3278:
3258:
3235:
3223:978-0395694589
3222:
3189:
3176:
3169:
3152:
3117:
3106:
3088:
3073:
3053:
3002:
2967:
2949:
2922:
2901:
2887:The Australian
2879:
2850:(2): 175–190.
2844:Women's Health
2830:
2794:
2730:
2679:
2636:
2601:
2560:
2541:(11): 324–27.
2525:
2490:
2471:(3): 493–501.
2455:
2412:
2361:
2334:(10): 561–71.
2315:
2280:
2253:
2227:
2202:
2165:(6): 1028–36.
2142:
2099:
2066:
2028:
1990:
1947:
1926:
1903:
1852:
1825:(2): 549–555.
1805:
1754:
1695:
1672:
1642:
1627:
1619:
1591:
1564:(2): 271–290.
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1404:, protagonist
1388:
1385:
1381:Nuu-chah-nulth
1374:Changing Woman
1359:
1356:
1352:cut four lines
1339:
1336:
1317:ritual bathing
1284:
1281:
1251:
1248:
1178:
1175:
1156:Main article:
1153:
1150:
1122:
1121:
1095:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
993:
990:
972:
969:
961:celiac disease
933:celiac disease
928:
925:
923:
920:
865:
862:
821:
818:
794:
793:
782:
779:
772:
769:adipose tissue
753:
735:
720:
700:
697:
695:
692:
684:United Kingdom
554:
553:
551:
550:
543:
536:
528:
525:
524:
523:
522:
507:
506:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
461:
460:
455:
452:
451:
450:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
406:
405:
399:
398:
397:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
348:
347:
343:
342:
341:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
309:
304:
299:
293:
288:
282:
277:
272:
264:
263:
259:
258:
250:
249:
241:
240:
228:
227:
210:
209:
186:
184:
177:
170:
169:
162:
160:
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4518:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4386:Breastfeeding
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4178:Fertilization
4176:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4031:Gametogenesis
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:Menstrual pad
3852:
3850:
3849:Menstrual cup
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Menstrual pad
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3790:Mental health
3787:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Hypomenorrhea
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3603:Mittelschmerz
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3459:on 2017-08-09
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3436:(6): 376–90.
3435:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3336:. p. 64.
3335:
3328:
3325:
3314:
3308:
3305:. JHU Press.
3304:
3303:
3295:
3292:
3281:
3279:9781576075173
3275:
3271:
3270:
3262:
3259:
3248:
3247:
3239:
3236:
3225:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3133:(1): 110–13.
3132:
3128:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3107:0-7876-4786-1
3103:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:secular trend
3076:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2938:(3): 363–68.
2937:
2933:
2932:Human Biology
2926:
2923:
2919:
2918:0-13-080793-1
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2811:(1): 120–28.
2810:
2806:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:(2): 144–50.
2651:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2580:(4): 571–76.
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:(3): 272–78.
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:(5): 481–88.
2427:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2381:(4): 582–93.
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2269:(3): 216–18.
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:(2): 107–20.
2114:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:(6): 521–33.
2046:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:(146): 1–12.
2008:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1937:on 2018-10-09
1933:
1929:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:Human Biology
1555:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:coming-of-age
1424:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1387:Movies and TV
1386:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:ethnic group
1349:
1345:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:sex education
1273:
1272:United States
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1236:Ruthu Sadangu
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:Japanese girl
1201:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1096:This article
1094:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:epidemiologic
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
997:
991:
989:
987:
983:
979:
970:
968:
966:
965:breast cancer
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
926:
921:
919:
917:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
831:
827:
819:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
791:
787:
783:
780:
777:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:
748:
744:
740:
737:Secretion of
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
718:
714:
713:
712:
710:
706:
705:physiological
698:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
673:
667:
662:
659:, especially
658:
654:
651:, as well as
650:
645:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:
608:
605:
604:Ancient Greek
601:
600:
590:
560:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
530:
529:
527:
526:
521:
511:
510:
509:
508:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
463:
462:
458:
453:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
407:
404:
400:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
354:Fertilization
352:
351:
350:
349:
344:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
313:
310:
308:
307:Preadolescent
305:
303:
300:
297:
294:
292:
289:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
256:
252:
251:
248:
242:
238:
234:
233:
224:
221:
206:
194:
190:
185:
176:
175:
161:
157:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115: –
114:
110:
109:Find sources:
104:
100:
94:
93:
89:
85:
80:This article
78:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
4290:Paternal age
4286:Maternal age
4268:
4259:Tanner scale
4242:Virilization
4237:Feminization
4187:Implantation
4173:Insemination
4157:Ejaculation
4133:Masturbation
4049:spermatocyte
4021:Luteal phase
4006:Menstruation
4000:
3724:Metrorrhagia
3694:Dysmenorrhea
3564:
3549:Luteal phase
3534:Menstruation
3461:. Retrieved
3454:the original
3433:
3429:
3389:
3385:
3363:. Retrieved
3352:
3342:
3333:
3327:
3316:. Retrieved
3301:
3294:
3283:. Retrieved
3272:. ABC-CLIO.
3268:
3261:
3250:. Retrieved
3245:
3238:
3227:. Retrieved
3212:
3184:
3179:
3160:
3155:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3111:
3097:
3091:
3081:
3078:
3063:
3056:
3019:
3015:
3005:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2909:
2904:
2882:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2762:
2758:
2699:(10): 1266.
2696:
2692:
2682:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2331:
2327:
2296:(1): 41–56.
2293:
2289:
2283:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2245:. Retrieved
2240:
2230:
2219:. Retrieved
2217:. 2021-01-27
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328:Middle adult
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88:verification
81:
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43:Please help
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4435:Dyspareunia
4430:Dysorgasmia
4376:Development
3684:Anovulation
3648:Suppression
3558:Life stages
3392:(1): 7–12.
2398:10807/56796
1533:Lina Medina
1462:Eve’s Bayou
1422:Turning Red
1328:Beta Jewish
1260:Aboriginals
1194:quinceañera
888:, is open.
878:endometrium
856:and become
830:anovulatory
786:deciduation
776:endometrium
661:nutritional
624:, or first
602:; from
437:Young adult
323:Young adult
82:needs more
4491:Pediatrics
4470:Categories
4455:Vaginismus
4425:Anorgasmia
4279:Adrenarche
4274:Spermarche
4254:Gonadarche
3939:Tampon tax
3679:Amenorrhea
3463:2022-02-21
3365:August 31,
3318:2013-11-09
3285:2013-11-09
3252:2013-11-09
3229:2013-11-09
3127:Pediatrics
3022:: 180729.
2977:Pediatrics
2617:: 96–116.
2537:(Review).
2467:(Review).
2424:(Review).
2377:(Review).
2330:(Review).
2292:(Review).
2265:(Review).
2247:2006-11-26
2221:2022-03-21
2159:Pediatrics
2093:2021-03-21
2080:StatPearls
1957:Pediatrics
1941:2013-11-09
1774:(1): 121.
1715:(1): 115.
1540:References
1523:Andropause
1512:Spermarche
1497:Gonadarche
1492:Adrenarche
1312:astrologer
1293:Micronesia
1162:See also:
1115:March 2021
1068:criticism.
1054:pheromones
694:Physiology
472:Ecological
467:Attachment
427:Adolescent
364:Childbirth
312:Adolescent
203:March 2021
193:WP:MEDDATE
154:March 2021
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4381:Lactation
4371:Thelarche
4348:Andrology
4295:Menopause
4192:Pregnancy
4182:Fertility
4137:Erection
4093:Germ cell
4066:Oogenesis
4054:spermatid
4016:Ovulation
3884:Chhaupadi
3671:Disorders
3570:Menopause
3544:Ovulation
2611:Maturitas
2015:2332-8363
1847:219988641
1731:1477-7827
1690:226484326
1517:Menopause
1502:Thelarche
1308:Sri Lanka
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1107:talk page
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4318:Vivipary
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4264:Pubarche
4146:Clitoral
4098:gonocyte
4071:oogonium
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3414:26141301
3406:16311040
3359:Archived
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2894:Archived
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2631:28923182
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2023:33054923
1985:24970295
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1800:27662834
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1507:Pubarche
1481:See also
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4249:Puberty
3817:Hygiene
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3354:Vulture
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649:biology
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