1678:
5201:
427:, originally, and often to this day, spelt with the same letters. However, the older of these editions are not always explicit on whether they mark long vowels or heavy syllables – a confusion that is even found in some modern learning materials. In addition, most of the newest academic publications use both the macron and the breve sparingly, mainly when vowel length is relevant to the discussion.
3562:, if the extension Compose Special Characters is installed, a macron may be added by following the letter with a hyphen and pressing the user's predefined shortcut key for composing special characters. A macron may also be added by following the letter with the character's four-digit hex-code, and pressing the user's predefined shortcut key for adding unicode characters.
267:. Even relatively recent classical Greek and Latin dictionaries are still concerned with indicating only the length (weight) of syllables; that is why most still do not indicate the length of vowels in syllables that are otherwise metrically determined. Many textbooks about Ancient Rome and Greece use the macron, even if it was not actually used at that time (an
3652:
Avarua, Rarotonga: The
Ministry of Education, Government of the Cook Islands; The School of Oriental and African Studies, The University of London; The Institute of Pacific Studies, The University of the South Pacific; The Centre for Pacific Studies, The University of Auckland; Pacific Linguistics,
3611:Годечкият Говор от Михаил Виденов,Издателство на българската академия на науките,София, 1978, p. 19: ...характерни за всички селища от годечкия говор....Подобни случай са характерни и за книжовния език-Ст.Стойков, Увод във фонетиката на българския език, стр. 151..
1001:
dictionaries, in instructional materials for non-Fijian speakers, and in books and papers on Fijian linguistics. It is not typically used in Fijian publications intended for fluent speakers, where context is usually sufficient for a reader to distinguish between
1486:
with three to four vowel phonemes, but traditionally their allophones have been written out, so vowel letters with macron are used for some of these allophones. Though the standard diacritic involved is a macron, there are no other diacritics used
1677:
973:
to represent long vowels in written text, especially for scientific or teaching texts and it has widespread acceptance. (In the past, written
Tahitian either did not distinguish vowel length, or used multiple other
992:, respectively. Its usage is similar to that in Māori, including its substitution by a trema. Its usage is not universal in Samoan, but recent academic publications and advanced study textbooks promote its use.
2094:
2132:
5949:
2163:
2002:
Note, however, that abbreviations involving the letter h take their macron halfway up the ascending line rather than at the normal height for unicode macrons and overlines:
4116:
882:
5939:
3979:
OLBTO (2011) "Reading and
Writing Obolo: Obolo Alphabet" in "A Workshop Manual for Teaching Obolo." Obolo Language and Bible Translation Organisation (OLBTO). p.1
263:
and in the description of the metrics of other literatures, the macron was introduced and is still widely used in dictionaries and educational materials to mark a
5238:
831:. When the Spanish conquistadors arrived, they wrote the language in their own alphabet without distinguishing long vowels. Over a century later, in 1645,
955:. In Niuean, "popular spelling" does not worry too much about vowel quantity (length), so the macron is primarily used in scholarly study of the language.
5918:
851:, and short vowels with grave (`) accents. This is rare nowadays since many people write Nahuatl without any orthographic sign and with the letters
3676:
3869:
4109:
3963:
1740:
Also, in some instances, a diacritic will be written like a macron, although it represents another diacritic whose standard form is different:
945:("hat") is also used. In the past, writing in Māori either did not distinguish vowel length, or doubled long vowels (e.g. "waahine"), as some
392:
typically use a macron over ā, ī, ū, ṝ, and ḹ in order to mark a long vowel (e and o are always long and consequently do not need any macron).
5853:
3633:
5182:
2026:
is a typographical symbol similar to the macron, used in a number of ways in mathematics and science. For example, it is used to represent
6003:
1172:
meant that the letter was doubled. This continued into print in
English in the sixteenth century, and to some extent in German. Over a
1491:
letters, so in practice other diacritics can and have been used in less polished writing or print, yielding nonstandard letters like
5944:
4102:
165:
5998:
5993:
5834:
5816:
3865:
1087:
5314:
5231:
4901:
1069:
221:
1830:(air). The diacritic is entirely optional, carries no IPA value and is seldom used in modern Norwegian outside of handwriting.
5793:
5292:
1102:
399:, many of the more recent dictionaries and learning materials use the macron as the modern equivalent of the ancient Roman
5710:
3385:
1516:
2174:
5988:
5337:
1153:
In Old
English texts a macron above a letter indicates the omission of an m or n that would normally follow that letter.
2035:
5258:
1780:
in
Estonian), sometimes known colloquially as a "lazy man's umlaut". This can also be seen in some modern handwritten
5263:
5224:
1546:
1032:
913:
is not commonly used in writing, but is used in references and teaching materials for those learning the language.
1351:
1665:, a macron is used on some consonants, especially n and m, as a short form for a double consonant (for example,
5350:
5306:
5301:
5913:
5701:
4509:
3941:
1003:
587:
307:
6008:
5877:
4939:
3821:
Simanu, Aumua Mata'itusi. 'O si Manu a Ali'i: A Text for the
Advanced Study of Samoan Language and Culture
1641:
1626:
1607:
1592:
1588:
1550:
1542:
1523:
1456:
1453:
1445:
1419:
1411:
1380:
1369:
1354:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1292:
1281:
1266:
1208:
1113:. Like Mandarin, the alternative to the macron is the number 1 after the syllable (for example, tā = ta1).
577:
569:
561:
553:
424:
420:
416:
412:
372:
368:
354:
350:
336:
233:
4063:
5892:
5288:
4252:
3943:"The Goal of the Good House": Seasonal Work and Seeking a Good Life in Lamen and Lamen Bay, Epi, Vanuatu
2639:
1483:
431:
3684:
906:
2105:
4891:
4260:
3922:
2141:
1910:
1902:
1893:
1889:
1463:
1181:
924:
900:
890:
514:
3960:
3870:"Phonotactics and the prestopped velar lateral of Hiw: resolving the ambiguity of a complex segment"
1250:. The macron has no unique value, and is simply used to distinguish between two different phonemes.
5205:
5168:
5014:
4340:
4302:
4154:
3513:
2635:
1853:
1838:
894:
763:
643:
229:
35:
1117:
5824:
5278:
4524:
4256:
3889:
3848:
3831:
François, Alexandre (2005), "A typological overview of
Mwotlap, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu",
1847:
1842:
1834:
1788:
1703:
1278:
1247:
1125:
1106:
1091:
1061:
1036:
637:
315:
225:
937:
mark sometimes used if the macron is unavailable (e.g. "wähine"). The Māori word for macron is
5326:
5100:
4896:
4881:
3629:
3600:
Vowel quantities. Normally, only long vowels in a metrically indeterminate position are marked
3576:
3407:
2027:
1749:
1682:
1554:
1442:
1010:
958:
934:
930:
916:
693:
682:
being always long in
Lithuanian except for some recent loanwords. For the long counterpart of
518:
290:
use the macron to indicate a non-tonic long vowel, or a non-tonic syllabic liquid, such as on
1079:
an optional macron can be used to indicate mid-level tone if it would otherwise be ambiguous.
4886:
4495:
4442:
4427:
4423:
4355:
3881:
3840:
1861:
1753:
1745:
1387:
1095:
593:
583:
400:
311:
268:
178:
124:
3730:
Tohi vagahau Niue – Niue language dictionary: Niuen-English with
English-Niuean finderlist.
1905:, letters with combining macron can be used in various European languages to represent the
1124:, macrons over a, e, i, m, n, o, o͘, u, (ā, ē, ī, m̄, n̄, ō, ō͘, ū) indicate the mid level
1098:. The alternative to the macron is the number 1 after the syllable (for example, tā = ta1).
4999:
4956:
4568:
4491:
4279:
4169:
3967:
1885:
1781:
1699:
1695:
1662:
1654:
1434:
1391:
1239:
1076:
1039:, the Algonquianist Standard Roman Orthography (SRO) indicates long vowels either with a
998:
981:
977:
952:
832:
545:
322:
264:
203:
24:
4047:"N3861: Resolutions of the WG 2 meeting 48 held in Mountain View, CA, USA, 2006-04-24/27"
1756:
comic books that are hand-lettered, or in handwriting, a macron-style umlaut is used for
5806:
5273:
5074:
4951:
4370:
4192:
3559:
1899:
1623:
1615:
1366:
1358:
1289:
1014:
487:
260:
210:
490:, being indicated by digraphs (transliterated likewise as digraphs) or by the letters
5982:
5801:
5159:
5115:
4961:
4088:
4046:
3797:(10ème édition, revue et augmentée). Papeete, Tahiti: Société des Études Océaniennes.
3653:
The Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.
2011:
1728:
1500:
1395:
1377:
1254:
1028:
1021:
435:
190:
3893:
3852:
5967:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5723:
5718:
5268:
5247:
5187:
4725:
4336:
4298:
4150:
4029:
3571:
3440:
3434:
2767:
2135:
2099:
1584:
1343:
1212:
1105:, macrons over a, e, i, o, u, m, n (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, m̄, n̄) indicate the high level
346:
280:
214:
107:
3908:
3648:
Buse, Jasper with Taringa, Raututi (Bruce Biggs and Rangi Moekaʻa, eds.). (1996).
39:
3991:
Manuali Hoepli Lexicon Abbreviature Dizionario Di Abbreviature Latine ed Italiane
1238:
The macron is used in the orthography of a number of vernacular languages of the
933:. In modern written Māori, the macron is used to designate long vowels, with the
636:
was also used in Latvian, but it was discarded as of 1946. Some usage remains in
5908:
5194:
3808:
1638:
1581:
1538:
1304:
1201:
867:
4984:
4317:
4237:
3885:
3844:
3558:
a macron is created with the command "\=", for example: M\=aori for Māori. In
1216:
1194:
1040:
5962:
5923:
5044:
4457:
4125:
4005:
2196:
1993:
1519:
1422:. The orthography after 1995 (which has no diacritics) has these written as
1110:
923:, and it indicates vowel length, which changes meaning and the placement of
886:
651:
613:
462:, representing the long vowels of classical Greek, whereas the short vowels
287:
4404:
1811:
1090:, macrons over a, e, i, o, u, ü (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ǖ) indicate the high level
3650:
Cook Islands Maori Dictionary with English-Cook Islands Maori Finder List.
1965:
279:
The following languages or transliteration systems use the macron to mark
4686:
4617:
4539:
3428:
2607:
2313:
2166:
2023:
1906:
1881:
1857:). Because of this ambiguity, using it is often regarded as bad practice.
1220:
1020:
The Latin and Cyrillic alphabet transcriptions of the Tsebari dialect of
878:
389:
206:
20:
4091:
How to set up the keyboard to type macrons in various operating systems.
306:. Languages with this feature include standard and dialect varieties of
5887:
5882:
5319:
5144:
4862:
4222:
4084:
Diacritics Project – All you need to design a font with correct accents
3357:
2631:
2007:
1815:
1658:
1558:
1258:
1243:
1157:
1121:
820:
790:
are separate letters that sort in alphabetical order immediately after
728:
are separate letters that sort in alphabetical order immediately after
548:
uses macrons to indicate long vowels in its romanized transliteration:
499:
31:
3769:
Lexique du tahitien contemporain: tahitien-français français-tahitien.
3705:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5059:
4813:
4400:
2186:
1810:
can be used for decorative purposes both in handwritten and computed
1083:
828:
824:
659:
5670:
5642:
5635:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5586:
5572:
5565:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2572:
2523:
2493:
2477:
2472:
2415:
2410:
2400:
2382:
2377:
2369:
2330:
2302:
2297:
2287:
2271:
1979:
1951:
1923:
3380:
Macron-related Unicode characters not included in the table above:
1826:(infinitive form of to let), lēser (present form of "to read") and
486:
The other long vowel phonemes do not have dedicated letters in the
30:"O macron", "O-", and "Ū" redirect here. For the Greek letter, see
5840:
5728:
5656:
5593:
5130:
5029:
4744:
4554:
4472:
4207:
4188:
3732:
Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Linguistics.
3313:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2488:
2467:
2395:
2387:
2338:
2276:
2170:
1937:
1676:
1146:
491:
408:
396:
332:
240:
217:
186:
3782:
Te reo tahiti ʻāpi: Dictionnaire du tahitien nouveau et biblique.
1606:
is pronounced , the unrounded velarized allophone of the phoneme
1223:. However, for typographical reasons a regular macron is used on
961:. The use of the macron is comparatively recent in Tahitian. The
658:. It marks a long vowel; other long vowels are indicated with an
5663:
5649:
5628:
5600:
5579:
5558:
4907:
3335:
2617:
2612:
2552:
2518:
2498:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2426:
2405:
2343:
2292:
2263:
2252:
2244:
2227:
2193:
2003:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1718:
1708:
1687:
1553:, depending on context. The standard letter does not exist as a
874:
495:
471:
463:
447:
439:
364:
5220:
5216:
4098:
4030:"N3048: Proposal to encode two combining characters in the UCS"
3961:
A grammar of the Kokota language, Santa Isabel, Solomon Islands
3662:
Carpentier, Tai Tepuaoterā Turepu and Beaumont, Clive. (1995).
3555:
946:
662:(which used to indicate nasalization, but it no longer does):
4094:
3756:
Dictionnaire tahitien-français: Faʻatoro parau tahiti-farāni.
228:; the sign for a long vowel is instead a modified triangular
193:
4083:
1060:
The following languages or alphabets use the macron to mark
5748:
969:(Tahitian Academy) recommends using the macron, called the
157:
407:
can bear it. It is sometimes used in conjunction with the
246:, which marks a short or light syllable or a short vowel.
142:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5359:
1837:
handwriting, a macron is often a substitute for either a
133:
612:
are separate letters but are given the same position in
650:
is a separate letter but is given the same position in
2014:
and appears shorter than other macrons in many fonts.
3664:
Kai kōrero: A Cook Islands Maori Language Coursebook.
2144:
2108:
2038:
1200:"n̄" redirects here. For the subatomic particle, see
1193:"p̄" redirects here. For the subatomic particle, see
1160:, the macron over an a-e-i-o-u or ä-ö-ü stood for an
506:. The same three letters are transliterated as plain
166:
145:
136:
1716:, and a macron is often used to distinguish it from
139:
5950:
List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks
5932:
5901:
5851:
5833:
5815:
5792:
5709:
5700:
5335:
5287:
5142:
5086:
4970:
4874:
4566:
4507:
4132:
3993:. Milan: Editore Ulrico Hoepli Milano. p. 256.
1072:, a macron over a vowel indicates a mid-level tone.
154:
151:
130:
127:
90:
52:
47:
2157:
2126:
2088:
1867:is sometimes written with a macron-shaped tilde: (
403:to mark long vowels. Any of the six vowel letters
3443:transcription characters incorporating a macron:
2089:{\displaystyle z=a+bi;\quad {\overline {z}}=a-bi}
1600:
1574:
1563:
1531:
1509:
1493:
1476:
1468:
3598:(Oxford at the Clarendon Press 1990), p. xxiii:
2199:to distinguish repeating alphabetic characters.
1474:– whose pronunciations differ from the unmarked
325:typically use macrons to indicate long vowels –
202:) 'long' because it was originally used to mark
4764:
4667:
4608:
271:was used if vowel length was marked in Latin).
5549: ◌̄, ◌̱
4929:
4917:
4716:
4677:
536:
526:
5232:
4833:
4804:
4794:
4784:
4637:
4588:
4110:
3949:(PhD). University of Manchester. p. 439.
1400:
411:, especially to distinguish the short vowels
8:
4774:
4706:
4657:
1499:, depending on displayability of letters in
376:
358:
340:
326:
4853:
3809:Graphie et graphies de la langue tahitienne
1991:
1977:
1963:
1949:
1935:
1921:
1176:at the end of a word, the macron indicated
1128:("light departing" or 7th tone) of Hokkien.
5706:
5239:
5225:
5217:
4843:
4647:
4598:
4117:
4103:
4095:
3624:Iluta Dalbiņa un Inese Lāčauniece (2001).
3512:Two intonation marks historically used by
1732:). Some writers also underline the letter
1246:, particularly those first transcribed by
5169:combining character § Unicode ranges
2145:
2143:
2109:
2107:
2061:
2037:
1698:, as well as in some others based on the
2644:
1156:In older handwriting such as the German
5940:Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode
3587:
909:. In Cook Islands Māori, the macron or
863:, not present in the original alphabet.
454:) are transliterated, respectively, as
3806:Académie Tahitienne (6 January 2003).
3666:Auckland, New Zealand: Pasifika Press.
1137:Sometimes the macron marks an omitted
44:
3771:Paris: Éditions de l'IRD (ex-Orstom).
1970:and its inflections ("every", "each")
1818:or to denote vowel length such as in
1685:showing a stylized macron above the ⟨
1466:, a macron is used on four letters –
478:) are always transliterated as plain
34:. For the o- prefix in Japanese, see
7:
5924:DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe
5183:English terms with diacritical marks
3795:Dictionnaire de la langue Tahitienne
3728:Sperlich, Wolfgang B. (ed.) (1997).
835:defined macrons to mark long vowels
4052:. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. 2006-04-27.
4035:. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. 2006-03-02.
419:from their semi-vowel counterparts
377:
359:
341:
327:
224:, the macron is used to indicate a
3743:Grammaire de la langue tahitienne.
2192:The macron is also used in German
1580:is pronounced or , which are the
1398:, a macron is used on two letters
1253:Thus, in several languages of the
14:
185:placed above a letter, usually a
5200:
5199:
3784:Papeete, Tahiti: STP Multipress.
2127:{\displaystyle {\overline {AB}}}
2006:. This is separately encoded in
1088:Romanization of Mandarin Chinese
123:
5315:International Phonetic Alphabet
3677:"Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori"
2158:{\displaystyle {\overline {X}}}
2060:
1722:, which looks like a lowercase
1070:International Phonetic Alphabet
510:when representing short vowels.
222:International Phonetic Alphabet
2189:marking resembles the macron.
1998:and its inflections ("except")
1661:handwriting, as well as older
1215:is typically used to mark the
1103:Yale romanization of Cantonese
1:
5162:(placeholder glyph character)
3793:Jaussen, Mgr Tepano. (2001).
3758:Papeete, Tahiti: Fare Vānaʻa.
3754:Académie Tahitienne. (1999).
3745:Papeete, Tahiti: Fare Vānaʻa.
3741:Académie Tahitienne. (1986).
3516:for Lithuanian dialectology:
1860:In informal handwriting, the
1561:, so the nonstandard variant
5919:Western Latin character sets
4133:In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek
4064:"Compose Special Characters"
3907:François, Alexandre (2008).
3780:Montillier, Pierre. (1999).
2150:
2119:
2066:
1736:to reduce ambiguity further.
1314:stands for a (short) higher
1013:and Latin transcriptions of
213:. It now more often marks a
5945:Letters used in mathematics
3628:. Rīga: RaKa. p. 110.
3626:Latviešu valoda vidusskolām
1587:allophones of the phonemes
1569:is often used in its place.
1390:(orthography before 1995),
1346:orthography, the consonant
984:. The macron is called the
38:. For the Indic vowel, see
6025:
6004:Cyrillic-script diacritics
5541:
5347:
3989:Cappelli, Adriano (1961).
1913:, particularly including:
1879:
1350:stands for the prestopped
1279:rounded labial-velar nasal
1199:
1192:
381:(three) is transliterated
194:
29:
18:
5958:
5254:
5177:
4930:
4918:
4854:
4844:
4834:
4805:
4795:
4785:
4775:
4765:
4717:
4707:
4678:
4668:
4658:
4648:
4638:
4609:
4599:
4589:
3940:Smith, Rachel E. (2016).
3886:10.1017/s0952675710000205
3845:10.1515/lity.2005.9.1.115
3309:
3304:
3261:
3256:
3213:
3170:
3081:
3038:
2955:
2792:
2787:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2765:
2689:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2650:
2647:
1352:velar lateral approximant
873:Latin transliteration of
866:Modern transcriptions of
537:
527:
95:
59:
5351:ISO basic Latin alphabet
5307:ISO basic Latin alphabet
5302:Classical Latin alphabet
5131:tilde § Mathematics
4971:Marks used as diacritics
3767:LeMaître, Yves. (1995).
3681:www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz
2175:Hermann–Mauguin notation
375:). Thus the Arabic word
189:. Its name derives from
19:Not to be confused with
5999:Greek-script diacritics
5994:Latin-script diacritics
3909:"The alphabet of Araki"
3596:Oxford Latin Dictionary
2018:Mathematics and science
2010:with the symbols using
1712:looks like a lowercase
1318:by contrast with plain
1209:romanizations of Hebrew
919:. The macron is called
588:Baltic-Finnic languages
181:: it is a straight bar
4520: ◌҄
4438: ◌͂
4313: ◌̉
4184: ◌̑
3547:COMBINING MACRON-BREVE
3531:COMBINING BREVE-MACRON
3506:COMBINING ACUTE-MACRON
3490:COMBINING MACRON-GRAVE
3474:COMBINING GRAVE-MACRON
3458:COMBINING MACRON-ACUTE
2159:
2128:
2090:
1992:
1978:
1964:
1950:
1936:
1922:
1692:
1622:stands for the common
1601:
1575:
1564:
1532:
1510:
1494:
1477:
1469:
1454:voiced velar fricative
1452:without macron is the
1401:
1288:stands for the common
997:The macron is used in
827:' language, spoken in
109:COMBINING MACRON BELOW
4366: ◌ͅ
4010:mathworld.wolfram.com
2173:. It is also used in
2160:
2138:in statistics (e.g.,
2129:
2091:
1911:medical abbreviations
1903:scribal abbreviations
1680:
1484:vertical vowel system
1482:. Marshallese uses a
1332:contrasts with plain
1248:Anglican missionaries
265:long (heavy) syllable
5206:Category: Diacritics
5010: ◌:
3594:P.G.W. Glare (ed.),
2142:
2106:
2036:
1898:Continuing previous
1894:medical abbreviation
1890:scribal abbreviation
1515:is pronounced , the
1376:, which encodes the
1182:scribal abbreviation
1047:⟩ or with a macron ⟨
901:Polynesian languages
515:Hepburn romanization
239:The opposite is the
5989:Letters with macron
5311:Phonetic alphabets
4940:dakuten, handakuten
4892:Gurmukhī diacritics
4004:Weisstein, Eric W.
3970:. PhD dissertation.
3866:François, Alexandre
3833:Linguistic Typology
3514:Antanas Baranauskas
3433:Characters using a
2642:macron characters:
2203:Letters with macron
2102:in geometry (e.g.,
2098:and to represent a
2028:complex conjugation
1909:indicating various
1839:double acute accent
1372:– by contrast with
1284:; while the simple
967:Académie Tahitienne
895:Dravidian languages
261:Greco-Roman metrics
211:Greco-Roman metrics
36:Japanese honorifics
5852:Keyboard layouts (
5087:Non-diacritic uses
3966:2009-12-29 at the
2217:
2155:
2124:
2086:
1693:
1691:⟩ in "Достоевскій"
1657:and in the German
1361:, the same symbol
949:dialects still do.
907:Cook Islands Māori
889:transcriptions of
870:, for long vowels.
819:Transcriptions of
654:as the unaccented
405:(ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, ȳ)
388:Transcriptions of
367:, when pronounced
349:, when pronounced
321:Transcriptions of
5976:
5975:
5847:
5846:
5695:
5694:
5327:Spelling alphabet
5214:
5213:
5195:Punctuation marks
5101:caret (computing)
4957:Syriac diacritics
4902:diacritics in IPA
4897:Hebrew diacritics
4882:Arabic diacritics
3923:"Letter Database"
3635:978-9984-46-130-4
3577:Vinculum (symbol)
3408:Kazakhstani tenge
3378:
3377:
2750:
2737:
2716:
2703:
2153:
2122:
2069:
1683:Fyodor Dostoevsky
1637:) represents the
1555:precombined glyph
1303:) represents the
1101:Similarly in the
502:– represented as
244:⟨˘⟩
115:
114:
6016:
5707:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5550:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5345:
5344:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5218:
5203:
5202:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5104:
5103:
5097:
5078:
5077:
5071:
5070: ◌′
5063:
5062:
5056:
5055: ◌˗
5048:
5047:
5045:full stop/period
5041:
5040: ◌.
5033:
5032:
5026:
5025: ◌,
5018:
5017:
5011:
5003:
5002:
4996:
4995: ◌̸
4988:
4987:
4981:
4980: ◌’
4952:Khmer diacritics
4943:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4887:Greek diacritics
4875:In other scripts
4866:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4827:
4817:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4700:
4690:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4631:
4621:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4584:
4582:
4558:
4557:
4551:
4550: ◌҃
4543:
4542:
4536:
4535: ◌҇
4528:
4527:
4521:
4499:
4498:
4496:smooth breathing
4488:
4487: ◌᾿
4484:
4483: ◌῾
4476:
4475:
4469:
4468: ◌̃
4461:
4460:
4454:
4453: ◌͗
4446:
4445:
4439:
4431:
4430:
4420:
4419: ◌̥
4416:
4415: ◌̊
4408:
4407:
4397:
4396: ◌̨
4389:
4388:
4382:
4381: ◌̄
4374:
4373:
4367:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4351: ◌̛
4344:
4343:
4333:
4332: ◌̢
4329:
4328: ◌̡
4321:
4320:
4314:
4306:
4305:
4295:
4294: ◌̏
4291:
4290: ◌̀
4283:
4282:
4276:
4275: ◌̣
4272:
4271: ◌̇
4264:
4263:
4249:
4248: ◌̈
4241:
4240:
4234:
4233: ◌̂
4226:
4225:
4219:
4218: ◌̧
4211:
4210:
4204:
4203: ◌̌
4196:
4195:
4185:
4181:
4180: ◌̆
4173:
4172:
4166:
4165: ◌᷄
4158:
4157:
4147:
4146: ◌̋
4143:
4142: ◌́
4119:
4112:
4105:
4096:
4072:
4071:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3971:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3804:
3798:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3765:
3759:
3752:
3746:
3739:
3733:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3683:. Archived from
3673:
3667:
3660:
3654:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3592:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3437:instead of above
3423:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3402:
3401:FULLWIDTH MACRON
3399:
3396:
3394:
2748:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2714:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2645:
2632:Unicode Standard
2606:
2582:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2110:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2070:
2062:
1997:
1983:
1969:
1955:
1941:
1927:
1643:
1628:
1609:
1604:
1594:
1590:
1578:
1567:
1552:
1547:labialized velar
1544:
1535:
1525:
1513:
1497:
1480:
1472:
1458:
1447:
1441:is used for the
1421:
1413:
1404:
1382:
1371:
1356:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1294:
1283:
1268:
1189:Letter extension
1120:romanization of
1096:Mandarin Chinese
986:toloi/fakamamafa
584:Baltic languages
579:
571:
563:
555:
540:
539:
531:) as opposed to
530:
529:
426:
422:
418:
414:
380:
379:
374:
370:
362:
361:
356:
352:
344:
343:
338:
335:when pronounced
330:
329:
245:
235:
197:
196:
184:
179:diacritical mark
173:
169:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
110:
106:
105:
101:
99:
86:
85:COMBINING MACRON
83:
82:
78:
76:
71:
68:
65:
63:
45:
16:Diacritical mark
6024:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6013:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5954:
5928:
5897:
5843:
5829:
5811:
5788:
5696:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5353:
5349:Letters of the
5331:
5283:
5250:
5245:
5215:
5210:
5173:
5158:
5155: ◌
5154:
5152:
5138:
5129:
5126: ~
5125:
5123:
5114:
5111: °
5110:
5108:
5099:
5096: ^
5095:
5093:
5082:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5028:
5024:
5022:
5013:
5009:
5007:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4966:
4962:Thai diacritics
4938:
4928:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4908:kana diacritics
4870:
4861:
4851:
4841:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4812:
4802:
4792:
4782:
4772:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4724:
4714:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4675:
4665:
4655:
4645:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4616:
4606:
4596:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4562:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4503:
4492:rough breathing
4490:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4471:
4467:
4465:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4441:
4437:
4435:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4369:
4365:
4363:
4354:
4350:
4348:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4128:
4123:
4080:
4075:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4014:
4012:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3968:Wayback Machine
3958:
3954:
3946:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3839:(1): 115–146 ,
3830:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3805:
3801:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3775:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3736:
3727:
3723:
3714:
3712:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3690:
3688:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3568:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3391:
2776:
2762:
2747:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2723:
2713:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2681:
2628:
2626:Technical notes
2623:
2622:
2604:
2599:
2580:
2575:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2205:
2183:
2140:
2139:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2034:
2033:
2020:
1896:
1886:bar (diacritic)
1880:Main articles:
1878:
1706:), a lowercase
1700:Cyrillic script
1696:Russian cursive
1681:A signature of
1650:
1537:represents the
1522:of the phoneme
1273:with a macron (
1240:Solomon Islands
1205:
1198:
1191:
1135:
1086:, the official
1058:
999:Fijian language
833:Horacio Carochi
760:, respectively.
546:Syriac language
521:, for example,
436:classical Greek
277:
257:
255:Syllable weight
252:
243:
182:
171:
167:
150:
126:
122:
108:
103:
102:
97:
96:
84:
80:
79:
74:
73:
72:
69:
66:
61:
60:
55:
43:
28:
25:bar (diacritic)
17:
12:
11:
5:
6022:
6020:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5981:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5857:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5554:
5553:
5543:Letters using
5542:
5539:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5355:
5354:
5348:
5343:
5341:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5274:Roman numerals
5271:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5221:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5197:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5149:
5147:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5121:
5106:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5065:
5050:
5035:
5020:
5005:
4990:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4819:
4750:
4731:
4692:
4623:
4573:
4571:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4545:
4530:
4514:
4512:
4510:Early Cyrillic
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4478:
4463:
4448:
4433:
4410:
4391:
4376:
4371:iota subscript
4361:
4346:
4341:retroflex hook
4323:
4308:
4285:
4266:
4243:
4228:
4213:
4198:
4193:inverted breve
4175:
4160:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4086:
4079:
4078:External links
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:openoffice.org
4055:
4038:
4021:
3996:
3981:
3972:
3959:Palmer, Bill.
3952:
3932:
3914:
3899:
3897:, p. 421.
3880:(3): 393–434,
3857:
3823:
3814:
3799:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3697:
3668:
3655:
3641:
3634:
3616:
3613:(in Bulgarian)
3604:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3533:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3492:
3476:
3460:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2185:In music, the
2182:
2179:
2152:
2149:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2019:
2016:
2012:bar diacritics
2000:
1999:
1985:
1971:
1957:
1943:
1929:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1858:
1831:
1785:
1738:
1737:
1702:(for example,
1674:
1649:
1646:
1624:alveolar nasal
1612:
1611:
1596:
1570:
1549:nasal phoneme
1527:
1501:computer fonts
1367:alveolar trill
1290:alveolar nasal
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1158:Kurrentschrift
1154:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1114:
1099:
1080:
1073:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1025:
1018:
1007:
995:
994:
993:
975:
956:
950:
928:
914:
898:
871:
864:
817:
816:
815:
761:
691:
641:
632:respectively.
581:
542:
511:
488:Greek alphabet
438:, the letters
428:
393:
386:
319:
308:Serbo-Croatian
276:
273:
256:
253:
251:
248:
113:
112:
93:
92:
88:
87:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6021:
6010:
6009:Poetic rhythm
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5850:
5842:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5546:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5242:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5207:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5161:
5160:dotted circle
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5132:
5122:
5117:
5116:degree symbol
5107:
5102:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5076:
5066:
5061:
5051:
5046:
5036:
5031:
5021:
5016:
5006:
5001:
4991:
4986:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4941:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4864:
4820:
4815:
4751:
4746:
4732:
4727:
4693:
4688:
4624:
4619:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4565:
4556:
4546:
4541:
4531:
4526:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4497:
4493:
4479:
4474:
4464:
4459:
4449:
4444:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4387:
4377:
4372:
4362:
4357:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4286:
4281:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4244:
4239:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4156:
4152:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3985:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3936:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3711:
3710:kupu.maori.nz
3707:
3701:
3698:
3687:on 2015-01-13
3686:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3617:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3534:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3493:
3477:
3461:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:U̇̄ u̇̄
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:E̊̄ e̊̄
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2147:
2137:
2115:
2112:
2101:
2096:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1633:with macron (
1632:
1625:
1621:
1618:, the simple
1617:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1595:respectively.
1586:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1378:alveolar flap
1375:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1299:with macron (
1298:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1261:, the simple
1260:
1256:
1255:Banks Islands
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1180:as a form of
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1164:, or over an
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
929:
926:
922:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
904:
902:
899:
896:
892:
888:
884:
881:, and in the
880:
876:
872:
869:
865:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:respectively.
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
591:
589:
585:
582:
575:
567:
559:
551:
547:
543:
534:
524:
520:
516:
512:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
391:
387:
384:
366:
348:
334:
324:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
285:
284:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
254:
249:
247:
242:
237:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
204:long or heavy
201:
192:
191:Ancient Greek
188:
180:
176:
175:
162:
120:
111:
94:
89:
58:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
5968:Palaeography
5544:
5269:Romanization
5248:Latin script
5188:Metal umlaut
4726:chandrabindu
4385:
4337:palatal hook
4303:double grave
4208:caron, háček
4155:double acute
4089:Kupu o te Rā
4067:
4058:
4041:
4024:
4013:. Retrieved
4009:
3999:
3990:
3984:
3975:
3955:
3942:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3902:
3877:
3873:
3860:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3817:
3807:
3802:
3794:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3713:. Retrieved
3709:
3700:
3689:. Retrieved
3685:the original
3680:
3671:
3663:
3658:
3649:
3644:
3625:
3619:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3572:Macron below
3553:
3441:Tone contour
3435:macron below
3379:
3374:ῡ
3352:ῑ
3330:ᾱ
3300:ӯ
3280:ӣ
3252:ṑ
3232:ḕ
3209:ṓ
3189:ḗ
3120:ṝ
3100:ḹ
3034:ṻ
2871:ḡ
2768:macron below
2629:
2600:
2576:
2220:
2210:Macron
2191:
2184:
2136:sample means
2100:line segment
2097:
2032:
2021:
2001:
1987:
1973:
1959:
1945:
1931:
1917:
1897:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1846:
1833:In informal
1827:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1686:
1670:
1666:
1634:
1630:
1619:
1613:
1599:
1573:
1562:
1530:
1508:
1492:
1488:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1385:
1373:
1365:encodes the
1362:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1310:; the vowel
1300:
1296:
1285:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1257:, including
1252:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1213:macron below
1206:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1059:
1048:
1044:
989:
985:
970:
966:
962:
942:
938:
920:
910:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
655:
647:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
609:
605:
601:
597:
573:
565:
557:
549:
532:
522:
507:
503:
483:
479:
475:
467:
459:
455:
451:
443:
432:romanization
404:
382:
303:
299:
295:
291:
278:
275:Vowel length
258:
238:
199:
118:
116:
5909:ISO/IEC 646
5835:Pentagraphs
5817:Tetragraphs
5702:Multigraphs
5547:sign (
4443:perispomene
3365:Ῡ
3343:Ῑ
3321:Ᾱ
3291:Ӯ
3271:Ӣ
3243:Ṑ
3223:Ḕ
3200:Ṓ
3180:Ḗ
3166:ȭ
3143:ǭ
3111:Ṝ
3091:Ḹ
3077:ȱ
3057:ǡ
3025:Ṻ
3014:ǖ
2994:ȫ
2974:ǟ
2951:ȳ
2931:ū
2911:ō
2891:ī
2862:Ḡ
2851:ē
2831:ǣ
2811:ā
2788:Lower case
2756:ˉ
2724:¯
2648:Description
2640:precomposed
2608:А̄ а̄
2588:Ε̄ ε̄
2569:Z̄ z̄
2566:Y̱ y̱
2563:Ȳ̃ ȳ̃
2560:Ȳ̀ ȳ̀
2557:Ȳ́ ȳ́
2549:X̱ x̱
2545:X̄ x̄
2540:W̄ w̄
2535:V̄ v̄
2531:U̱ u̱
2528:Ṳ̄ ṳ̄
2512:Ū̃ ū̃
2509:Ū̂ ū̂
2506:Ū̀ ū̀
2503:Ū́ ū́
2489:T̄ t̄
2485:S̱ s̱
2482:S̄ s̄
2468:R̄ r̄
2464:Q̄ q̄
2461:P̱ p̱
2458:P̄ p̄
2455:Œ̄ œ̄
2452:Ø̄ ø̄
2449:O̱ o̱
2431:Ō̈ ō̈
2423:Ō̃ ō̃
2420:Ō̂ ō̂
2396:N̄ n̄
2392:M̱ m̱
2388:M̄ m̄
2374:L̄ l̄
2366:J̱ j̱
2363:J̄ j̄
2360:I̱ i̱
2357:Ī̃ ī̃
2354:Ī̂ ī̂
2351:Ī̀ ī̀
2348:Ī́ ī́
2335:G̱ g̱
2327:F̄ f̄
2321:Ë̄ ë̄
2318:E̱ e̱
2314:Ê̄ ê̄
2310:Ē̃ ē̃
2307:Ē̂ ē̂
2284:D̄ d̄
2281:C̱ c̱
2277:C̄ c̄
2268:B̄ b̄
2260:Å̄ å̄
2257:A̱ a̱
2249:Ā̈ ā̈
2241:Ā̃ ā̃
2238:Ā̂ ā̂
2235:Ā̀ ā̀
2232:Ā́ ā́
1984:("without")
1669:instead of
1639:velar nasal
1629:, while an
1598:The letter
1572:The letter
1539:velar nasal
1529:The letter
1517:palatalized
1507:The letter
1464:Marshallese
1418:represents
1410:represents
1325:; likewise
1305:velar nasal
1265:stands for
1202:Antineutron
1145:, like the
1027:In western
963:Fare Vānaʻa
868:Old English
281:long vowels
5983:Categories
5963:Diacritics
5601:Ī ī
5179:See also:
4985:apostrophe
4318:hook above
4238:circumflex
4126:Diacritics
4015:2020-08-24
3715:2017-10-08
3691:2008-09-02
3583:References
3560:OpenOffice
3422:TENGE SIGN
3157:Ȭ
3134:Ǭ
3082:Dot below
3068:Ȱ
3048:Ǡ
3039:Dot above
3005:Ǖ
2985:Ȫ
2965:Ǟ
2956:Diaeresis
2942:Ȳ
2922:Ū
2902:Ō
2882:Ī
2842:Ē
2822:Ǣ
2802:Ā
2785:Upper case
2775:Additional
2743:͞
2722:¯
2709:̄
2339:H̱ ẖ
1928:("before")
1648:Other uses
1443:velar stop
1219:consonant
1217:begadkefat
1195:Antiproton
1118:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
1041:circumflex
1004:heteronyms
990:fa'amamafa
891:Indo-Aryan
764:Samogitian
644:Lithuanian
517:system of
288:Slavicists
236:⟩.
5902:Standards
5794:Trigraphs
5336:Letters (
5289:Alphabets
5279:Ligatures
4906:Japanese
4458:sicilicus
4428:underring
4253:diaeresis
3874:Phonology
3706:"Macrons"
3543:◌᷌
3527:◌᷋
3502:◌᷇
3486:◌᷆
3470:◌᷅
3454:◌᷄
3429:Overlines
3388:variety:
3386:fullwidth
3257:Cyrillic
2777:diacritic
2687:Combining
2665:Character
2656:Character
2636:combining
2618:Ӯ ӯ
2613:Ӣ ӣ
2597:Ῡ ῡ
2592:Ῑ ῑ
2584:Ᾱ ᾱ
2573:Ẕ ẕ
2553:Ȳ ȳ
2524:Ṻ ṻ
2519:Ǖ ǖ
2499:Ū ū
2494:Ṯ ṯ
2478:Ṝ ṝ
2473:Ṟ ṟ
2445:Ȱ ȱ
2440:Ȭ ȭ
2435:Ǭ ǭ
2427:Ȫ ȫ
2416:Ṑ ṑ
2411:Ṓ ṓ
2406:Ō ō
2401:Ṉ ṉ
2383:Ḻ ḻ
2378:Ḹ ḹ
2370:Ḵ ḵ
2344:Ī ī
2331:Ḡ ḡ
2303:Ḕ ḕ
2298:Ḗ ḗ
2293:Ē ē
2288:Ḏ ḏ
2272:Ḇ ḇ
2264:Ǣ ǣ
2253:Ǡ ǡ
2245:Ǟ ǟ
2228:Ā ā
2197:tablature
2167:negations
2151:¯
2120:¯
2078:−
2067:¯
1956:("after")
1907:overlines
1835:Hungarian
1789:Norwegian
1704:Bulgarian
1653:In older
1585:velarized
1582:unrounded
1520:allophone
1269:, but an
1231:instead:
1111:Cantonese
1037:Saulteaux
941:The term
887:ISO 15919
652:collation
638:Latgalian
614:collation
383:thalāthah
316:Bulgarian
220:. In the
207:syllables
40:Ū (Indic)
5711:Digraphs
4687:avagraha
4618:anusvara
4540:pokrytie
4424:overring
4006:"Macron"
3964:Archived
3894:62628417
3868:(2010),
3853:55878308
3566:See also
3419:₸
3398:￣
2690:Spacing
2651:Macrons
2634:encodes
2601:Cyrillic
2213:◌̄
2024:overline
1994:exceptus
1942:("with")
1882:overline
1876:Medicine
1750:Estonian
1744:In some
1545:and the
1541:phoneme
1470:ā n̄ ō ū
1221:lenition
1133:Omission
1011:Cyrillic
959:Tahitian
917:Hawaiian
911:mākarōna
879:Sanskrit
694:Livonian
690:is used.
519:Japanese
390:Sanskrit
232:⟨
226:mid-tone
104:◌̱
91:See also
81:◌̄
48:◌̄
21:overline
5914:Unicode
5883:Colemak
5320:X-SAMPA
5259:History
5145:Unicode
4935:
4927:
4923:
4915:
4863:visarga
4858:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4809:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4740:
4736:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4682:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4613:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4223:cedilla
3125:Ogonek
2668:Unicode
2659:Unicode
2008:Unicode
1966:quisque
1862:Spanish
1845:(e.g.,
1822:(you),
1816:Nynorsk
1754:Swedish
1746:Finnish
1659:Kurrent
1559:Unicode
1495:ã ñ õ û
1478:a n o u
1388:Bislama
1277:) is a
1259:Mwotlap
1244:Vanuatu
1122:Hokkien
1068:In the
1049:ā ē ī ō
1045:â ê î ô
971:tārava,
939:tohutō.
821:Nahuatl
594:Latvian
508:a, i, u
504:ā, ī, ū
476:omicron
468:epsilon
357:), and
312:Slovene
177:) is a
32:omicron
5878:Dvorak
5873:AZERTY
5868:QWERTZ
5863:QWERTY
5545:macron
5264:Spread
5204:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5135:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5098:
5094:
5079:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:hyphen
5057:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4982:
4978:
4944:
4937:
4925:
4913:
4867:
4860:
4850:
4840:
4830:
4822:
4818:
4814:virama
4811:
4801:
4791:
4781:
4771:
4761:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4734:
4730:
4723:
4713:
4703:
4695:
4691:
4684:
4674:
4664:
4654:
4644:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4605:
4595:
4585:
4577:
4559:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:kamora
4522:
4518:
4500:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:nosinė
4401:ogonek
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:macron
4383:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4257:umlaut
4250:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4148:
4144:
4140:
3927:eki.ee
3892:
3851:
3632:
3539:
3537:U+1DCC
3523:
3521:U+1DCB
3498:
3496:U+1DC7
3482:
3480:U+1DC6
3466:
3464:U+1DC5
3450:
3448:U+1DC4
3416:
3414:U+20B8
3395:
3393:U+FFE3
3371:U+1FE1
3362:U+1FE9
3349:U+1FD1
3340:U+1FD9
3327:U+1FB1
3318:U+1FB9
3305:Greek
3297:U+04EF
3288:U+04EE
3277:U+04E3
3268:U+04E2
3249:U+1E51
3240:U+1E50
3229:U+1E15
3220:U+1E14
3214:Grave
3206:U+1E53
3197:U+1E52
3186:U+1E17
3177:U+1E16
3171:Acute
3163:U+022D
3154:U+022C
3148:Tilde
3140:U+01ED
3131:U+01EC
3117:U+1E5D
3108:U+1E5C
3097:U+1E39
3088:U+1E38
3074:U+0231
3065:U+0230
3054:U+01E1
3045:U+01E0
3031:U+1E7B
3022:U+1E7A
3011:U+01D6
3002:U+01D5
2991:U+022B
2982:U+022A
2971:U+01DF
2962:U+01DE
2948:U+0233
2939:U+0232
2928:U+016B
2919:U+016A
2908:U+014D
2899:U+014C
2888:U+012B
2879:U+012A
2868:U+1E21
2859:U+1E20
2848:U+0113
2839:U+0112
2828:U+01E3
2819:U+01E2
2808:U+0101
2799:U+0100
2780:Latin
2763:below
2761:Macron
2753:U+02C9
2749:letter
2740:U+035E
2736:double
2719:U+00AF
2706:U+0304
2702:single
2682:above
2680:Macron
2605:
2581:
2225:
2187:tenuto
2165:) and
1892:, and
1843:umlaut
1841:or an
1812:Bokmål
1782:German
1768:(also
1663:Danish
1655:German
1448:, but
1435:Kokota
1414:, and
1392:Lamenu
1282:/ŋ͡mʷ/
1211:, the
1168:or an
1084:Pinyin
1077:Yoruba
1035:, and
982:Samoan
978:Tongan
974:ways).
953:Niuean
925:stress
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