774:. The main components are different layers of sand, clay and/silt and limestone in which individual coal seams are embedded, at least in the Urumaco Formation. The rock strata were formed in what was originally a coastal area under the influence of a river delta. From the entire Urumaco sequence, a large number of sites are documented, the exploration of which began as early as the 1950s. They are distributed over a good 60 different stratigraphic levels. The find material consists mainly of fish, especially sharks and rays. In addition, there are also reptiles such as turtles, crocodilians and isolated snakes, as well as mammals appearing with rodents, South American ungulates,
146:
2586:
3342:
125:
375:
was found about 9 km east of
Villavieja and 2.5 km northeast of Hacienda Argentina, Huila. The holotype consisted of a crushed and distorted skull. The femur is based on eight specimens from six localities, including one femur from a partial skeleton that included a skull and mandible
853:
The Honda Group in
Colombia is known for its diverse abundance of fauna, such as xenarthrans, ungulates, primates, rodents, metatherians, crocodilians, turtles, snakes, birds, and fish. There are 2 subunits of the Honda Group; the Villavieja Formation and the
1634:
McGrath, A.J.; Anaya, F.; Croft, D.A. (2020). "New proterotheriids (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the middle
Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and trends in diversity and body size of proterotheriid and macraucheniid litopterns".
778:, and minor jointed animals among others. The secondary articulated animals show a high diversity, which almost reaches that of the contemporary fauna of southern South America in the Pampas region or in
1543:
846:
from the family
Mylodontidae and their immediate relatives. As a special circumstance of taphonomy, the frequent tradition of limb elements in sloths is to be evaluated, however, from
1291:
750:
The most extensive fossil material to date belongs to the
Urumaco sequence, a complex depositional unit that is predominantly exposed in the approximately 36,000 km large
1596:
Villarroel, Carlos. A new
Mylodontinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) in the Miocene sale fauna of Colombia : the current status of the family Orophodontidae]|url=
1305:
Hirschfield, Sue Ellen (1985). "Ground Sloths from the
Friasian la Venta Fauna: With Additions to the Pre-Friasian Coyaima Fauna of Colombia, South America".
1383:
Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.; Aguilera, Orangel A. (January 2006). "Neogene vertebrates from
Urumaco, Falcón State, Venezuela: Diversity and significance".
3449:
1479:"First Megatheriines (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga, Megatheriidae) from the Urumaco (Late Miocene) and Codore (Pliocene) Formations, Estado Falcón, Venezuela"
3454:
3393:
1815:
1342:
Stratigraphy and sedimentary environments of
Miocene shallow to marginal marine deposits in the Urumaco trough, Falcón Basin, Western Venezuela.
3504:
1747:
1683:
1670:
Vallejo Pareja, M. C.; Carrillo, J. D.; Moreno Bernal, J. W.; Pardo
Jaramillo, M.; Rodriguez González, D. F.; Muñoz Duran, J. (2015).
1600:
1360:
Morfología sistemática y paleobiología de los perezosos gigantes del género Lestodon Gervais 1855 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada)
1544:"Two new megalonychid sloths (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from the Urumaco Formation (late Miocene), and their phylogenetic affinities"
790:
as well as sloths have been found. Mainly in the late 20th and early 21st century, numerous new forms were described, such as
3509:
1306:
145:
3474:
3439:
1434:
Hastings, Alexander K. (2012-06-14). "The Incredible Fossils of Urumaco and Beyond: Exploring Venezuela's Geologic Past".
454:
Below is a phylogenetic tree of the Mylodontidae, based on the work of Rincón and McDonald 2020, showing the position of
3469:
3444:
1808:
3434:
1676:, gen. et sp. nov., a new Miocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Astrapotheriidae) from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia"
3464:
3459:
1801:
1542:
Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; McDonald, H. Gregory; Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol (2019-03-04).
376:(specimens UCMP 3800, 37999). The cranium and partial mandible of both species were originally assigned to
3479:
3361:
2946:
1671:
779:
428:
244:
3265:
2932:
2306:
3406:
2796:
1314:
1285:
1148:
855:
340:
3300:
3272:
1118:
2831:
2359:
2196:
1620:
Malcolm C. McKenna. Survival of primitive notoungulates and condylarths into the Miocene of Colombia.
1262:
Hoffstetter, 1961, con los perezosos terrestres Mylodontidos del Mioceno del Norte de América del Sur"
873:
763:
344:
3484:
3279:
3202:
3182:
2484:
2278:
2203:
1692:
1555:
1490:
1392:
1047:
336:
2925:
2711:
2680:
2519:
2217:
1257:
1095:
1089:
3237:
3216:
2983:
2876:
2688:
1112:
3244:
2810:
2585:
2457:
1083:
1071:
1065:
751:
3489:
3035:
3007:
2817:
2782:
2726:
2664:
2498:
2409:
2313:
1771:
1753:
1734:. Topics in Geobiology. Vol. 42. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 199–219.
1708:
1652:
1579:
1524:
1459:
1416:
1077:
946:
914:
830:
685:
404:
304:
295:
140:
3411:
2395:
2366:
1124:
903:
3341:
3314:
3112:
2838:
2741:
2402:
1136:
1130:
1107:
1101:
808:
3499:
2824:
2775:
2068:
1743:
1571:
1516:
1451:
1408:
1232:
1142:
958:
909:
759:
348:
3258:
3161:
770:
being limited to the former formation. The Urumaco sequence covers the Middle Miocene to the
3105:
2634:
2285:
2137:
1735:
1700:
1644:
1563:
1506:
1498:
1443:
1400:
1363:
1273:
1061:
878:
368:
431:
in 1985. However, it was subsequently found to be a distinct genus 35 years later in 2020.
3494:
3286:
3026:
2994:
2748:
2020:
1953:
1783:
1604:
1597:
1327:
814:
395:
1158:. Reptiles of the Honda Group included crocodylomorphs, snakes, and turtles, such as the
1696:
1559:
1494:
1396:
3293:
3230:
3209:
3091:
2918:
2911:
2849:
2734:
2702:
2616:
2603:
2553:
2429:
2344:
2320:
2264:
2257:
2210:
2175:
2123:
1962:
1942:
1932:
1202:
1038:
970:
952:
923:
918:
882:
842:
836:
824:
803:
798:
783:
558:
481:
378:
364:
30:
402:
meaning "confused" in reference to the fact that it has originally been confused with
3428:
3193:
3127:
3098:
3070:
3049:
3042:
2766:
2491:
2464:
2182:
2146:
2105:
1757:
1712:
1656:
1528:
1344:
In: Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra, Orangel A. Aguilera und Alfredo A. Carlini (Hrsg.):
1168:
1015:
1003:
942:
927:
819:
667:
583:
447:
327:
ground sloths that lived during the Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene of what is now
82:
42:
1583:
1463:
1420:
3384:
3223:
3175:
3168:
3140:
3077:
3014:
2654:
2420:
2373:
2351:
2331:
2243:
2160:
2038:
1923:
1912:
1346:
Urumaco and Venezuelan palaeontology, the fossil record of the northern Neotropics.
1027:
1009:
997:
993:
988:
867:
524:
465:
324:
252:
223:
210:
1567:
1739:
1704:
1648:
3307:
3251:
3152:
3056:
2939:
2904:
2869:
2803:
2755:
2526:
2512:
2475:
2436:
2387:
2380:
2292:
2271:
2167:
1982:
1972:
1902:
1226:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1172:
1154:
964:
937:
899:
894:
792:
506:
57:
1727:
363:
were found in the Villavieja Formation of the Honda Group in the strata of the
3063:
2973:
2890:
2862:
2789:
2672:
2189:
2061:
2047:
1502:
1447:
1404:
1277:
1220:
1214:
1163:
976:
787:
124:
102:
67:
1575:
1520:
1455:
1412:
1075:. Rodents of the Honda Group included various genera of caviomorphs, such as
3084:
2883:
2299:
2054:
1855:
1159:
1042:
1021:
982:
332:
157:
107:
51:
1368:
755:
1609:
Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales
3378:
2897:
2718:
2644:
2443:
2224:
2089:
1989:
1886:
1843:
1178:
1056:
1033:
888:
771:
615:
437:
328:
177:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
38:
34:
3398:
2505:
2153:
2082:
2075:
1511:
1052:
775:
112:
87:
1870:
1849:
1837:
1824:
1208:
862:
fossils are only known from the former formation of the Honda Group.
197:
187:
167:
3355:
1478:
865:
Mammals from the Honda Group included the fellow mylodontid sloths
2009:
1793:
3359:
2601:
1868:
1797:
1477:
Carlini, Alfredo A.; Brandoni, Diego; Sánchez, Rodolfo (2006).
1013:. Metatherians from the Honda group included the sparassodonts
941:
was also present. Ungulates from the Honda Group included the
435:
is considered to be a derived mylodontid, closely related to
412:, was named in 2020. The specific epithet means "colossal".
758:. It is composed of the lithostratigraphic units of the
1728:"La Venta: A Miocene Mammalian Community from Colombia"
1598:
http://www.accefyn.org.co/revista/Vol_24/90/117-127.pdf
2970:
2699:
2660:
2650:
2640:
2240:
2134:
2035:
1978:
1968:
1938:
1908:
1898:
3368:
3192:
3151:
3126:
3025:
2993:
2968:
2848:
2765:
2698:
2614:
2552:
2474:
2419:
2330:
2238:
2133:
2103:
2034:
2007:
1952:
1922:
1885:
1290:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1611:(Bogotá) Vol. 24, No. 090, Mar. 2000 p. 117–127.
1140:. Birds of the Honda Group included the species
1732:History of Terrestrial Mammals in South America
1256:Ascanio D. Rincón; H. Gregory McDonald (2020).
1809:
8:
1362:(Thesis). Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
398:, in which the type specimen was found and
3356:
3132:
2999:
2990:
2854:
2762:
2626:
2622:
2611:
2598:
2549:
2336:
2249:
2115:
2111:
2031:
2027:
1891:
1882:
1878:
1865:
1816:
1802:
1794:
123:
20:
1510:
1367:
1348:Indiana University Press 2010, S. 153–172
1340:Luis I. Quiroz und Carlos A. Jaramillo:
1245:
818:as representatives of the large family
1779:
1769:
1323:
1312:
1283:
850:, skull remains are also documented.
423:was originally assigned to the genus
7:
1624:, Vol. 254, December 1956, P.736-743
1266:Revista Geológica de América Central
1258:"Reexaminación de las relaciones de
1251:
1249:
1548:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1483:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1385:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
658:
606:
599:
574:
549:
497:
472:
461:
1684:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
3450:Pliocene mammals of South America
335:. Fossils have been found in the
3455:Miocene mammals of South America
3340:
2584:
144:
1436:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1307:University of California Press
16:Extinct genus of ground sloths
1:
3505:Fossil taxa described in 2020
1568:10.1080/14772019.2018.1427639
1740:10.1007/978-3-319-98449-0_10
1705:10.1080/02724634.2014.903960
1649:10.5710/AMGH.03.03.2020.3268
935:. In addition, the anteater
1730:. In Defler, Thomas (ed.).
1622:American Journal of Science
754:in the Venezuelan state of
379:Bolivartherium urumaquensis
3526:
1674:Hilarcotherium castanedaii
1358:Czerwonogora, Ada (2010).
3338:
3135:
3002:
2857:
2629:
2625:
2610:
2597:
2582:
2548:
2339:
2252:
2118:
2114:
2030:
1894:
1881:
1877:
1864:
1832:
1503:10.1017/S1477201906001878
1448:10.1007/s10914-012-9208-z
1405:10.1017/s1477201906001829
1278:10.15517/rgac.v62i0.41278
898:, cingulates such as the
886:, the basal megatherioid
782:. Armadillos such as the
681:
663:
656:
629:
611:
604:
597:
579:
572:
554:
547:
520:
502:
495:
477:
470:
301:
294:
277:
272:
258:
251:
141:Scientific classification
139:
131:
122:
23:
421:Magdalenabradys confusum
287:Rincón and McDonald 2020
262:Magdalenabradys confusum
134:Magdalenabradys confusum
1726:Defler, Thomas (2019).
323:is an extinct genus of
35:Early Pliocene Pliocene
1607:|date=20131029192656.
1322:Cite journal requires
1280:(inactive 2024-09-19).
1155:Hoazinoides magdalenae
892:and the nothrotheriid
3510:Honda Group, Colombia
3407:Paleobiology Database
1149:Galbula hylochoreutes
931:, and the glyptodont
856:La Victoria Formation
359:The first remains of
343:in Colombia, and the
243:Rincón and McDonald,
3475:Fossils of Venezuela
3440:Pliocene xenarthrans
1369:10.35537/10915/80374
1200:, and the crocodile
429:Sue Ellen Hirschfeld
408:. A second species,
394:is derived from the
337:Villavieja Formation
3470:Fossils of Colombia
3445:Miocene xenarthrans
3266:Perezfontanatherium
2307:Paroctodontotherium
1697:2015JVPal..35E3960V
1560:2019JSPal..17..409R
1495:2006JSPal...4..269C
1397:2006JSPal...4..213S
1221:Geochelone hesterna
3435:Prehistoric sloths
2797:Megalonychotherium
2314:Pseudoprepotherium
1603:2013-10-29 at the
1260:Pseudoprepotherium
947:Granastrapotherium
831:Pseudoprepotherium
766:, with remains of
686:Pseudoprepotherium
443:Pseudoprepotherium
425:Pseudoprepotherium
405:Pseudoprepotherium
390:The generic name,
371:. The holotype of
349:Urumaco Formations
305:Pseudoprepotherium
3465:Neogene Venezuela
3422:
3421:
3362:Taxon identifiers
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3301:Pyramiodontherium
3273:Plesiomegatherium
3122:
3121:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2825:Proschismotherium
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2234:
2233:
2099:
2098:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1749:978-3-319-98449-0
1233:Eunectes stirtoni
1224:, and the snakes
1215:Podocnemis medemi
1209:Chelus colombiana
1143:Aramus paludigrus
1119:Rhodanodolichotis
1062:paucituberculates
962:, the litopterns
959:Xenastrapotherium
910:Nanoastegotherium
877:, as well as the
764:Codore Formations
742:
741:
733:
732:
724:
723:
715:
714:
706:
705:
697:
696:
645:
644:
536:
535:
316:
315:
310:Hirschfeld (1985)
267:Hirschfeld (1985)
247:
3517:
3460:Neogene Colombia
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3357:
3344:
3133:
3106:Pronothrotherium
3000:
2991:
2972:
2855:
2832:Pseudortotherium
2763:
2701:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2627:
2623:
2612:
2599:
2588:
2550:
2360:Glossotheriopsis
2337:
2286:Octodontotherium
2250:
2242:
2197:Scelidotheridium
2138:Scelidotheriidae
2136:
2116:
2112:
2037:
2032:
2028:
1980:
1970:
1940:
1910:
1900:
1892:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1680:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1514:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1355:
1349:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1253:
1039:microbiotherians
874:Glossotheriopsis
802:from the family
659:
607:
600:
575:
550:
498:
473:
462:
369:Huila Department
311:
288:
242:
235:
222:
209:
149:
148:
127:
117:
54:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3370:Magdalenabradys
3364:
3354:
3345:
3320:
3287:Proeremotherium
3280:Pliomegatherium
3203:Anisodontherium
3188:
3183:Proprepotherium
3147:
3118:
3027:Nothrotheriinae
3021:
2995:Nothrotheriidae
2989:
2976:
2952:
2844:
2761:
2749:Proplatyarthrus
2694:
2619:
2606:
2589:
2568:
2532:
2485:Glossotheridium
2470:
2451:Magdalenabradys
2415:
2326:
2279:Octodontobradys
2246:
2230:
2204:Scelidotheriops
2129:
2108:
2095:
2026:
2021:Pseudoglyptodon
2012:
1995:
1954:Myrmecophagidae
1948:
1918:
1873:
1860:
1828:
1822:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1605:Wayback Machine
1595:
1591:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1339:
1335:
1321:
1311:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1282:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1048:Pachybiotherium
860:Magdalenabradys
848:Magdalenabradys
815:Proeremotherium
768:Magdalenabradys
748:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
646:
634:Magdalenabradys
537:
456:Magdalenabradys
433:Magdalenabradys
418:
396:Magdalena River
392:Magdalenabradys
388:
361:Magdalenabradys
357:
320:Magdalenabradys
309:
286:
268:
265:
241:
238:Magdalenabradys
233:
220:
207:
143:
118:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
49:
48:
46:
27:
25:Magdalenabradys
17:
12:
11:
5:
3523:
3521:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3403:
3390:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3294:Promegatherium
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3231:Megathericulus
3227:
3220:
3213:
3210:Diabolotherium
3206:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3092:Nothrotheriops
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2977:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2926:Protomegalonyx
2922:
2919:Pliometanastes
2915:
2912:Pattersonocnus
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2858:
2852:
2850:Megalonychinae
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2735:Mesopotamocnus
2731:
2723:
2715:
2712:Deseadognathus
2707:
2705:
2703:Megalonychidae
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2681:Schismotherium
2676:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2638:
2630:
2620:
2617:Megatherioidea
2615:
2608:
2607:
2604:Megatherioidea
2602:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2554:Megatherioidea
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2520:Pleurolestodon
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2430:Bolivartherium
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2345:Archaeomylodon
2340:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2321:Urumacotherium
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2265:Eionaletherium
2261:
2258:Baraguatherium
2253:
2247:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2218:Sibyllotherium
2214:
2211:Scelidotherium
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2176:Neonematherium
2172:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1976:
1966:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1943:Palaeomyrmidon
1936:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1895:
1889:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1780:|journal=
1748:
1718:
1691:(2): e903960.
1662:
1643:(2): 159–188.
1626:
1613:
1589:
1554:(5): 409–421.
1534:
1489:(3): 269–278.
1469:
1442:(2): 147–148.
1426:
1391:(3): 213–220.
1375:
1350:
1333:
1324:|journal=
1297:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1206:, the turtles
1203:Charactosuchus
1096:Microsteiromys
1090:Microscleromys
971:Mesolicaphrium
953:Hilarcotherium
919:Neoglyptatelus
915:pachyarmathere
883:Neonematherium
879:scelidotheriid
843:Urumacotherium
837:Eionaletherium
825:Bolivartherium
804:Megalonychidae
799:Pattersonocnus
788:Glyptodontinae
784:Pampatheriidae
772:Early Pliocene
747:
744:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:
722:
721:
718:
717:
713:
712:
709:
708:
704:
703:
700:
699:
695:
694:
691:
690:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
662:
657:
655:
652:
651:
648:
647:
643:
642:
639:
638:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
610:
605:
603:
598:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
578:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
559:Eionaletherium
553:
548:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
534:
533:
530:
529:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
501:
496:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
482:Urumacotherium
476:
471:
469:
460:
417:
414:
387:
384:
365:Tatacoa Desert
356:
353:
351:of Venezuela.
314:
313:
299:
298:
292:
291:
290:
289:
275:
274:
273:Other species
270:
269:
266:
256:
255:
249:
248:
231:
227:
226:
218:
214:
213:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
129:
128:
120:
119:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
55:
50:13.8–5.3
31:Middle Miocene
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3522:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3480:Montehermosan
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3343:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3238:Megatheridium
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3217:Eomegatherium
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3194:Megatheriinae
3191:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Megatheriidae
3125:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3099:Nothrotherium
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3071:Mcdonaldocnus
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3050:Chasicobradys
3047:
3045:
3044:
3043:Aymaratherium
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2984:Analcimorphus
2981:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2967:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:Megalonychops
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2767:Ortotheriinae
2764:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2689:Similhapalops
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2492:Glossotherium
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2465:Thinobadistes
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2183:Proscelidodon
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2147:Analcitherium
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:Mylodontoidea
2102:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2006:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1773:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1316:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:the gavialid
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:Prodolichotis
1110:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1016:Anachlysictis
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1004:Pericotoxodon
1000:
999:
995:
994:notoungulates
991:
990:
985:
984:
979:
978:
973:
972:
967:
966:
961:
960:
955:
954:
949:
948:
944:
943:astrapotheres
940:
939:
934:
930:
929:
928:Scirrotherium
925:
921:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
905:
901:
897:
896:
891:
890:
885:
884:
880:
876:
875:
870:
869:
863:
861:
857:
851:
849:
845:
844:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
820:Megatheriidae
817:
816:
811:
810:
805:
801:
800:
795:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
745:
738:
737:
729:
728:
720:
719:
711:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
689:
688:
687:
679:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
669:
668:Thinobadistes
661:
660:
654:
653:
650:
649:
641:
640:
637:
636:
635:
627:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
617:
609:
608:
602:
601:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
585:
584:Glossotherium
577:
576:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
560:
552:
551:
545:
544:
541:
540:
532:
531:
528:
527:
526:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
508:
500:
499:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
483:
475:
474:
467:
464:
463:
459:
457:
452:
450:
449:
448:Thinobadistes
444:
440:
439:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
413:
411:
410:M. kolossiaia
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
385:
383:
381:
380:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
312:
308:
306:
300:
297:
293:
285:
284:
283:M. kolossiaia
279:
278:
276:
271:
264:
263:
257:
254:
250:
246:
240:
239:
232:
229:
228:
225:
219:
216:
215:
212:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
135:
130:
126:
121:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
53:
44:
43:Montehermosan
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3369:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3245:Megatheriops
3243:
3236:
3229:
3224:Eremotherium
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3181:
3176:Prepoplanops
3174:
3169:Prepotherium
3167:
3160:
3141:Thalassocnus
3139:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3078:Mionothropus
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3015:Thalassocnus
3013:
3006:
2982:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2811:Paranabradys
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2710:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:Hiskatherium
2653:
2643:
2633:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2463:
2458:Sphenotherus
2456:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:Lestodontini
2408:
2401:
2394:
2386:
2379:
2374:Mylodonopsis
2372:
2365:
2358:
2352:Brievabradys
2350:
2343:
2332:Mylodontinae
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2244:Mylodontidae
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2161:Chubutherium
2159:
2152:
2145:
2122:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:Megalocnidae
2019:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1963:Myrmecophaga
1961:
1941:
1931:
1924:Cyclopedidae
1913:Orthoarthrus
1911:
1901:
1854:Superorder:
1761:. Retrieved
1731:
1721:
1688:
1682:
1673:
1665:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1592:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1315:cite journal
1300:
1286:cite journal
1269:
1265:
1259:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1169:alligatorids
1162:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1084:Eodolichotis
1082:
1076:
1072:Pitheculites
1070:
1066:Hondathentes
1064:
1055:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1028:Hondadelphys
1026:
1020:
1014:
1010:Miocochilius
1008:
1002:
998:Huilatherium
996:
989:Villarroelia
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
936:
932:
926:
917:
908:
902:
893:
887:
881:
872:
868:Brievabradys
866:
864:
859:
852:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
813:
807:
797:
791:
767:
752:Falcón Basin
749:
746:Paleoecology
684:
682:
666:
664:
633:
632:
630:
614:
612:
582:
580:
557:
555:
525:Chubutherium
523:
521:
505:
503:
480:
478:
466:Mylodontidae
455:
453:
446:
442:
436:
432:
424:
420:
419:
409:
403:
399:
391:
389:
377:
372:
360:
358:
319:
318:
317:
303:
302:
282:
281:
261:
260:
253:Type species
237:
236:
224:Lestodontini
211:Mylodontidae
133:
132:Mandible of
24:
18:
3485:Huayquerian
3308:Sibotherium
3252:Megatherium
3153:Planopsinae
3057:Huilabradys
3036:Amphibradys
3008:Neohapalops
2947:Zacatzontli
2940:Xibalbaonyx
2905:Nohochichak
2870:Australonyx
2818:Pliomorphus
2804:Ortotherium
2783:Eucholoeops
2756:Urumacocnus
2727:Hyperleptus
2665:Hyperleptus
2527:Simomylodon
2513:Paramylodon
2499:Kiyumylodon
2476:Mylodontini
2437:Lestobradys
2410:Strabosodon
2388:Oreomylodon
2381:Ocnotherium
2293:Octomylodon
2272:Nematherium
2168:Nematherium
1983:Protamandua
1973:Neotamandua
1903:Argyromanis
1887:Vermilingua
1637:Ameghiniana
1512:11336/80745
1227:Colombophis
1197:Gryposuchus
1191:Purussaurus
1185:Mourasuchus
1173:Balanerodus
1078:Acarechimys
965:Megadolodus
938:Neotamandua
933:Boreostemma
895:Huilabradys
793:Urumacocnus
780:Mesopotamia
507:Simomylodon
373:M. confusum
341:Honda Group
3429:Categories
3385:Q113947190
3064:Lakukullus
2974:Megatheria
2933:Sinclairia
2891:Megistonyx
2863:Ahytherium
2790:Hapaloides
2673:Pelecyodon
2563:see below↓
2396:Promylodon
2367:Megabradys
2190:Scelidodon
2062:Megalocnus
2048:Acratocnus
1763:2022-07-27
1240:References
1164:Langstonia
1125:Ricardomys
992:, and the
977:Neodolodus
924:pampathere
904:Anadasypus
900:dasypodids
325:mylodontid
3490:Chasicoan
3315:Urumaquia
3113:Xyophorus
3085:Nothropus
2884:Megalonyx
2839:Torcellia
2742:Paulocnus
2403:Ranculcus
2300:Orophodon
2124:Choloepus
2055:Imagocnus
1856:Xenarthra
1836:Kingdom:
1782:ignored (
1772:cite book
1758:135266489
1713:130728894
1657:216236954
1576:1477-2019
1529:129207595
1521:1477-2019
1456:1064-7554
1413:1477-2019
1137:Steiromys
1131:Scleromys
1108:Olenopsis
1102:Neoreomys
1053:didelphid
1043:Micoureus
1022:Dukecynus
983:Theosodon
809:Urumaquia
386:Etymology
355:Discovery
333:Venezuela
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
3500:Laventan
3399:11176215
3379:Wikidata
2898:Meizonyx
2776:Diodomus
2719:Hapalops
2645:Hapalops
2635:Bradypus
2444:Lestodon
2225:Valgipes
2090:Parocnus
2069:Mesocnus
2010:Folivora
1990:Tamandua
1933:Cyclopes
1850:Mammalia
1844:Chordata
1842:Phylum:
1838:Animalia
1601:Archived
1584:90207481
1464:38836681
1421:84357359
1179:Eocaiman
1057:Thylamys
1034:Lycopsis
889:Hapalops
776:manatees
616:Lestodon
438:Lestodon
416:Taxonomy
400:confusum
329:Colombia
307:confusum
296:Synonyms
204:Family:
188:Mammalia
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
39:Laventan
3259:Ocnopus
3162:Planops
2506:Mylodon
2154:Catonyx
2083:Neocnus
2076:Miocnus
1848:Class:
1825:Pilosan
1693:Bibcode
1556:Bibcode
1491:Bibcode
1393:Bibcode
1160:sebecid
760:Urumaco
468:
367:of the
339:of the
230:Genus:
217:Tribe:
194:Order:
184:Class:
3495:Mayoan
3412:427626
1871:Pilosa
1827:genera
1756:
1746:
1711:
1655:
1582:
1574:
1527:
1519:
1462:
1454:
1419:
1411:
1218:, and
1167:, the
1152:, and
1134:, and
1060:, the
1051:, the
1037:, the
1031:, and
1007:, and
986:, and
956:, and
922:, the
913:, the
756:Falcón
683:
665:
631:
613:
581:
556:
522:
504:
479:
445:, and
345:Codore
198:Pilosa
1754:S2CID
1709:S2CID
1679:(PDF)
1653:S2CID
1580:S2CID
1525:S2CID
1460:S2CID
1417:S2CID
3394:GBIF
1784:help
1744:ISBN
1572:ISSN
1517:ISSN
1452:ISSN
1409:ISSN
1328:help
1292:link
1230:and
1188:and
1069:and
907:and
871:and
840:and
822:and
812:and
796:and
786:and
762:and
347:and
331:and
245:2020
58:PreꞒ
1736:doi
1701:doi
1645:doi
1564:doi
1507:hdl
1499:doi
1444:doi
1401:doi
1364:doi
1274:doi
968:,
427:by
3431::
3409::
3396::
3381::
1776::
1774:}}
1770:{{
1752:.
1742:.
1707:.
1699:.
1689:35
1687:.
1681:.
1651:.
1641:57
1639:.
1578:.
1570:.
1562:.
1552:17
1550:.
1546:.
1523:.
1515:.
1505:.
1497:.
1485:.
1481:.
1458:.
1450:.
1440:20
1438:.
1415:.
1407:.
1399:.
1387:.
1319::
1317:}}
1313:{{
1288:}}
1284:{{
1272:.
1270:63
1268:.
1264:.
1248:^
1236:.
1212:,
1182:,
1176:,
1146:,
1128:,
1122:,
1116:,
1105:,
1099:,
1093:,
1087:,
1081:,
1025:,
1019:,
1001:,
980:,
974:,
950:,
858:.
834:,
828:,
806:,
451:.
441:,
382:.
108:Pg
52:Ma
3144:?
3018:?
2971:†
2730:?
2722:?
2700:†
2686:†
2678:†
2670:†
2661:†
2651:†
2641:†
2391:?
2355:?
2241:†
2171:?
2135:†
2036:†
2018:†
1979:†
1969:†
1939:†
1909:†
1899:†
1817:e
1810:t
1803:v
1786:)
1766:.
1738::
1715:.
1703::
1695::
1672:"
1659:.
1647::
1586:.
1566::
1558::
1531:.
1509::
1501::
1493::
1487:4
1466:.
1446::
1423:.
1403::
1395::
1389:4
1372:.
1366::
1330:)
1326:(
1309:.
1294:)
1276::
458:.
280:†
259:†
234:†
221:†
208:†
113:N
103:K
98:J
93:T
88:P
83:C
78:D
73:S
68:O
63:Ꞓ
47:~
45:)
41:-
37:(
33:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
