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demanded that Madame Grès design bleak and utilitarian clothing which was in complete contrast to her entire collection. Wives of German officers also requested Grès to design dresses for them, despite the fact that she was Jewish; she refused, and one of her gowns from this period features two small Stars of David sewn on the inside. Grès defied their orders and continued to design garments that mirrored the colors of the French flag. Consequentially, German forces ordered Grès's haute couture fashion house to be closed, claiming her generous use of fabric during wartime as their reason. After the closing of her first couture house, Grès fled to the
Pyrenees and stayed there until Paris was liberated. In 1944, with the closing of her first couture house, Grès began designing again and opened her second house, returning to her now signature name, Madame Grès. Throughout the 1940s, Madame Grès began constructing and perfecting her most notable garments, the elegantly draped Grecian goddess gowns. These dresses could take anywhere up to three hundred hours to complete with each pleat being done by hand, draping the cloth so the body shaped the dress. Grès's signature dress perfectly captures who Grès was as a fashion designer. Her painstaking attention to detail, regard for the human body, and minimalistic effects can be seen in each of her gowns. In the 1950s, Grès experimented with simpler cuts and purer lines using ethnic traditions such as
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1959 . In 1970, Grès strayed away from her signature draping style and highlighted naked flesh via constructing vertical peek-a-boo openings in the bodice. In 1980, she launched her first two ready-to-wear collections in collaboration with the designer Peggy Huynh Kinh. Then she reiterated in 1983, with a collection whose manufacturing process she wanted to master from start to finish. Grès continued to design at her fashion house up until her 80s when she retired in the late 1980s. The final garment designed by her was a swelling bodice dress ordered by Hubert de
Givenchy in 1989. Soon after Madame Grès retired from it, The House of Grès began to suffer. In 1984, it was bought by Bernard Tapie, and then later Jacques Esterel. Due to unpaid rent, a bankruptcy petition was issued and the house's assets were liquidated. It was then sold to Yagi Tsusho Limited, a Japanese company, which in 1993 hired Lloyd Klein as the head designer.
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remainder of the 1930s and up until 1942. During this time, Grès's signature style of classical drapery and elegant gowns became the signature of the couture fashion house. At this time she became known for her technique of using live mannequins, designing and creating garments directly on the models. Her early work shows Greco-Roman sculpture influences as well as simple lines and attention to the female body. Her preferred media during this time were silk jersey and paper taffeta. While operating her haute couture fashion house under the name Alix, she first gained positive attention and critical acclaim for designing costumes for
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her formal training in sculpture, Grès was able to apply her sculpting techniques to her fabric forms. Grès's first job in the industry of fashion was as a woman's hat maker, where she excelled, until she began focusing on couture dressmaking. After distinguishing her area of interest, Grès received her early training in haute couture dressmaking at the fashion house
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and serapes as her inspiration. In addition, Grès tried her hand at tailoring women's suits over the course of the 1950s. Grès's design focus remained mostly on her couture gowns throughout the rest of her career. Grès debuted her bestselling fragrance, Cabochard (which translates to "stubborn"), in
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In 1932, Grès opened her first couture fashion house, La Maison Alix. In 1933, Grès and her coworker, Juliette Barton, combined their names to create Alix Barton, which she designed under for a short amount of time. Grès dropped the "Barton" in 1934 and designed under her own name, "Alix", for the
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to a middle-class French Jewish family and raised in Paris, France. Early in life, she studied painting and sculpting. Grès originally dreamed of becoming a sculptor, but after many objections made by her family she shifted her interests towards the art of fashion design and clothing making. Using
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Grecian goddess gowns, is noted as the "master of the wrapped and draped dress" and the "queen of drapery". Grès's minimalistic draping techniques and her attention to and respect for the female body have had a lasting effect on the haute couture and fashion industry, inspiring a number of recent
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In 1942, after marrying
Russian painter Serge Czerefkov, Grès began designing under the name "Madame Grès", a partial anagram of her husband's first name During World War II, after creation of the Madame Grès label, German troops invaded Paris and soon occupied it. During the war, German forces
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After retiring, Madame Grès lived life in even more seclusion than before. Due to poor business dealings regarding the licensing of her signature perfume, Cabochard, Madame Grès lost the fortune that she worked six decades to build, leaving her living in poverty. With help from friends,
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Madame Grès married Serge
Czerefkov, a Russian painter, in the late 1930s. The two had one daughter named Anne at some point during their marriage. Grès's daughter is most notable for concealing her mother's death in 1993 for over a year and forging Grès's handwriting in documents.
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Grès. Remembered as the "Sphinx of
Fashion", Grès was notoriously secretive about her personal life and was seen as a workaholic with a furious attention to detail, preferring to let her work do the talking. Grès, best known for her floor-length
158:'s 1935 play, "The Trojan War Will Not Take Place". After receiving much applause for her theatrical costume designs, Grès became one of the leading designers of that time, designing for many notable figures such as the
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241:, Grès was able to rent an apartment in the 16th arrondissement in Paris and continue sewing garments for friends. In 1993, Grès's daughter, Anne, moved her to a retirement home in near
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Livingstone, David (17 November 1994). "The
Graceful Drapings of Madame Grès New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art Honours the Last of the Great Couturieres".
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245:, France. Grès died on 24 November 1993, at age 89. Her death was made public a year later.
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592:"Important 1940s Madame Grès Grecian Goddess Silk Knit Gown in Black and Red"
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Rose, Cynthia (6 June 2011). "Finding
Fidelity Within the Fashion House".
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Di
Trocchio, Paola (4 September 2014). "Madame Grès: Couturier At Work".
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Named "Best in Italy” by the
National Chamber of Italian Haute Couture
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New York
University Creative Leadership in the Arts Award in 1978
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Elected President of Chambre Syndicale of Paris Couture in 1972
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Grès evening gown, intricately draped pleated jersey, 1975 (
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Dé d'Or (Golden Thimble) for dressmaking by Cartier in 1976
665:"Madame Grès: The Sculptress of Fabric who Influenced Us"
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Foreman, Katya (25 March 2011). "A Glimpse Of Grès".
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Cooke, Lynne (1 May 2008). "Madame Grès. New York".
548:"Madame Grès Paris Exhibit Is Ode to Draped Fashion"
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782:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
367:"25 Women Designers Who Changed Fashion Forever"
263:Named Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1947
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478:"Madame Grès Exhibition at Bourdelle Museum"
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574:"Woman's Evening Ensemble: Top and Skirt"
202:Draped jersey Grès evening gown c.1981. (
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628:12 couturières qui ont changé l'histoire
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736:Madame Grès: Sculptural Fashion
767:French women fashion designers
476:Hewins, Erica (23 June 2011).
397:Menkes, Suzy (18 April 2011).
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731:, Yale University Press, 2008
580:. Philadelphia Museum of Art.
365:Phelan, Hayley (3 May 2012).
762:Fashion designers from Paris
97:(1903–1993), also known as
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692:"A Death Kept Under Warps"
113:as well as the associated
448:"Fashion: Amazing drapes"
399:"Madame Grès as Sculptor"
792:Jewish fashion designers
772:French costume designers
777:Women costume designers
612:The Burlington Magazine
520:. Vintage Fashion Guild
722:available for download
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224:Retirement and death
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60:(1993-11-24)
757:1993 deaths
752:1903 births
718:Madame Grès
714:Harold Koda
514:"Alix Grès"
176:Greta Garbo
168:Grace Kelly
123:designers.
99:Alix Barton
95:Madame Grès
23:Madame Grès
746:Categories
280:References
132:Early life
39:1903-11-30
554:. Reuters
127:Biography
675:13 April
558:13 April
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377:13 April
149:Alix era
85:Children
49:, France
552:Reuters
115:Parfums
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352:Crafts
258:Awards
243:Toulon
237:, and
217:kimono
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120:draped
77:Spouse
213:saris
47:Paris
677:2015
633:ISBN
560:2015
526:2015
490:2015
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379:2015
111:Grès
103:Alix
101:and
71:Grès
55:Died
29:Born
204:PMA
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