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restricted Muslim immigrants to certain areas of Assam. The System originated in the district of
Nowgong in 1920 and the lines were drawn with no fixed principles in determining them. Immigrant opposition grew and became a powerful force under Bhashani. On 15 September 1937, Mahmud Ali's uncle, Munawwar Ali moved a resolution in the Legislative Assembly calling for the abolition of the Line System. He argued that Bengali immigrants had brought "prosperity ... and wealth to the province of Assam". The motion was supported by Abdul Matin Choudhury.
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on 17 and 18 November 1946 and proposed to submit the issue to the arbitration of
Liaquat and Nehru. The proposal was rejected by the Premier Bardoloi and eviction operations continued. Towards the end of December 1946, Bhashani, along with Mahmud Ali chalked out a programme of Civil Disobedience against the Assam Government's eviction policy and repression of Muslims. Ali sent a telegraphic message to the chairman, Committee of Action of the AIML seeking permission to launch the movement. However, the League High Command discouraged agitation.
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struggle and Muslim
National Guards Training Centres were opened at various places. The place of the conference was named as Purba Pakistan Killa which served as a base for launching the agitational programme. At a meeting held on 9 March 1947 it was decided to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement without the approval of the League. Mahmud Ali in a leaflet – "Struggle for Freedom Begins in Assam" invited the landless people of Bengal and Assam to occupy all waste lands in Assam and defy all laws of the Government.
532:
assemblies decided in favour of partition and the Muslim-majority districts formed a part of the
Dominion of Pakistan. In the Frontier Province and Sylhet a referendum was held to decide their fate. Ali and Bhashani were disappointed at the decision of a referendum not being held in the whole of Assam and Bhashani disassociated himself from the referendum in protest. However, after Ali's release from imprisonment he concentrated his efforts towards the
577:, a Kisan leader. The Ganatantri Dal was the first to open its doors to non-Muslims on an equal footing and demanded a secular constitution. The party manifesto included the demand for the abolition of feudalism without any compensation, secession from the Commonwealth, nationalisation of jute trade, equal rights for women in social, political and economic spheres, and abolition of visa system between Pakistan and India.
27:
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1946 a
Congress Ministry was formed with Bardoloi as Premier. He proceeded to deal with the immigrants by eviction under the Resolution of 13 July 1945 which was passed under Saadullah's regime. Bhashani strongly opposed the eviction and advised the landless and evicted to 'spread out'. The Assam Provincial Muslim League also decided to challenge the legality of the Line System in Court.
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As
General Secretary of the Provincial League, Mahmud Ali stated, "The Muslim League is prepared for all eventualities and shall not retrace an inch from the chosen path. They are determined to disregard any laws which are not based on moral force". The Working Committee of the Provincial League met
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on 9 February 1947 and it was decided that the movement would be non-communal and non-violent. Several conferences were held including a Joint
Conference with the Bengal Provincial League. At a conference held at Goalpara, attended by over 75,000 people, it was decided to provide training for armed
483:
was
President of the All India Muslim Students Federation. In 1944 he was appointed as a member of the Assam Muslim League Working Committee by the President of the Assam Provincial Muslim League, Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani. He was later elected as the general secretary in 1946 at the age of
507:
adopted an uncompromising attitude and the resolution of the
Working Committee of the Assam Provincial Muslim League held on 15 December 1944, called upon the government to abolish "the illegal and pernicious Line System" and immediately provide land to landless Bengali immigrants. On 11 February
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was elected to the assembly and in the same year joined the All India Muslim League on Jinnah's request. Saadullah led a coalition government three times between 1 April 1937 and 11 February 1946. He supported Assam's inclusion within the new state of
Pakistan and opposed the Line System which
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According to 3 June Plan (Mountbatten Plan), agreed upon by League and Congress leaders, it was decided that the borders between the two new dominions to be carved out of British India would be determined by a boundary commission led by Sir Cyril Radcliffe. The Punjab and Bengal legislative
580:
Ali spoke out against the League's pro-west stance and called for an independent foreign policy. As president, Mahmud Ali opposed the US-Pakistan Military Aid Pact signed on 19 April 1954 and on his party's appeal almost all political parties observed "Anti US-Pakistan Military Pact Day"
407:. He strongly opposed the 'One Unit' scheme and voted against the merger in 1956. After the dissolution of the assembly and abrogation of the 1956 Constitution he worked towards the restoration of provinces and a parliamentary form of government based on adult franchise.
561:, to propagate the cause of the peasantry and working classes and to further the demand of Bengali as a state language. The movement was successful and Bengali was recognised as a state language by the second constituent assembly, and in the 1956 Constitution.
466:. He continued his studies in St. Edmunds College and St. Anthony's College and graduated with honours in English in 1942. After graduation he studied law at Calcutta University but did not continue his studies due to his involvement in the Freedom Movement.
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He was elected to the National Assembly in 1965 as a representative of the National Democratic Front from Sylhet District. In 1970, by now a member of the Pakistan Democratic Party, he was defeated for election to the National
395:; 1 September 1919 – 17 November 2006) was a progressive leftist Pakistani politician known for his agrarian politics. He was part of the Freedom Movement and played an important role during the
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and the people decided in favour of merging the district with the province of East Bengal. Ali expressed disappointment at the exclusion of two thanas from the district.
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made provisions for a Legislative Assembly in each province in British India; and elections for the Assam Legislative Assembly were held in 1937.
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Disillusioned with the Muslim League government Ali left the party in 1952, and on 19 January 1953 founded a secular political party, the
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Mahmud Ali was elected as the first student President of the Assam Provincial Muslim Students Federation when
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557:, along with Urdu, as one of the national languages of Pakistan. He launched a weekly newspaper, the
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443:. Mahmud Ali's grandfather and head of the Ali family, Moulvi Musharraf Ali, originally hailed from
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as one of the national languages of Pakistan and advocated the cause through his newspaper, the
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Bhashani and Ali were subsequently arrested and released after 3 June Plan had been declared.
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The State of Martial Rule: The origins of Pakistan's political economy of defence
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427:. His father, Moulvi Mujahid Ali was a writer, poet and law graduate from the
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family of lawyers, writers and politicians on 1 September 1919, in Alimabagh,
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842:"List of Members of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan from 1965-1969"
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From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958
431:. His uncle, Moulvi Munawwar Ali, served as a minister in the
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for constituency Sylhet-I in 1965 as a representative of the
774:"Alliance Politics in Pakistan: A Study of the United Front"
647:"A Brief Historical Profile of Assam Legislative Assembly"
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Politics in Bangladesh: A Study of Awami League 1949-58
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
751:. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books. p. 190.
680:. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. p. 31.
703:. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre. p. 154.
488:The Line System and Civil Disobedience Movement
626:. Islamabad: Raja Afsar Khan. December 2006.
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243:29 December 1971 – 17 November 2006
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592:. He lost the next election, in 1970, as a
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
781:Pakistan Journal of History and Culture
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227:23 March 1956 – 7 October 1958
676:Dev, Bimal; Lahiri, Dilip K. (1985).
232:Minister of State (Rank & Status)
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909:Politicians from Chittagong Division
816:. Westview Press. pp. 414–415.
678:Assam Muslims: Politics and Cohesion
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189:12 March 1954 – 27 May 1955
49:adding citations to reliable sources
914:Pakistani people of Bengali descent
884:All-India Muslim League politicians
772:Mustafa, Ghulam (1 November 2010).
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584:Ali was elected the member of the
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904:People from Brahmanbaria district
364:Politician, statesman, journalist
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553:, Ali demanded the inclusion of
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177:East Bengal Legislative Assembly
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36:needs additional citations for
894:People from Sunamganj District
724:Aziz, Khursheed Kamal (1976).
456:Government Jubilee High School
170:1946 – 14 August 1947
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849:National Assembly of Pakistan
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515:The Provincial League met at
494:Government of India Act, 1935
728:. Sang-e-Meel. p. 133.
596:candidate for the assembly.
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60:"Mahmud Ali" politician
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458:in 1937 and studied at the
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618:"A Freedom Fighter".
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301:(2006-11-17)
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
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874:2006 deaths
869:1919 births
790:17 November
656:17 November
620:The Concept
549:During the
313:Nationality
133:মাহমুদ আলী
863:Categories
600:References
460:MC College
445:Shahbazpur
383:মাহমুদ আলী
375:Mahmud Ali
361:Occupation
308:, Pakistan
288:Bangladesh
263:1919-09-01
213:Member of
194:Member of
175:Member of
127:Mahmud Ali
71:newspapers
829:Assembly.
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686:568467992
559:Nao Belal
421:Sunamganj
405:Nao Belal
392:محمود علی
317:Pakistani
270:Sunamganj
239:In office
223:In office
204:In office
185:In office
166:In office
136:محمود علی
286:(now in
812:(ed.).
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555:Bengali
401:Bengali
379:Bengali
159:(Assam)
85:scholar
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845:(PDF)
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278:Assam
92:JSTOR
78:books
818:ISBN
792:2015
785:XXXI
753:ISBN
730:OCLC
705:ISBN
682:OCLC
658:2015
628:OCLC
492:The
484:26.
387:Urdu
296:Died
257:Born
64:news
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