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269:. a mile more expensive than by private stage coach, but the coach was faster and, in general, less crowded and cleaner. Crowding was a common problem with private stage coaches, which led to their overturning; the limits on numbers of passengers and luggage prevented this occurring on the mail coaches. Travel on the mail coach was nearly always at night; as the roads were less busy the coach could make better speed.
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469:. This design was a 'thorough-brace' or 'jack' style coach characterised by an elegant curved lightweight body suspended on two large leather straps, which helped to isolate the passengers and driver from the jolts and bumps of the rough unmade country roads. Soon Australian coach builders using many of the Concord design features customised the design for Australian conditions.
180:, believed that the coach service he had previously run for transporting actors and materials between theatres could be used for a countrywide mail delivery service, so in 1782, he suggested to the Post Office in London that they take up the idea. He met resistance from officials who believed that the existing system could not be improved, but eventually the
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of coaches with black and maroon livery. The early coaches were poorly built, but in 1787 the Post Office adopted John Besant's improved and patented design, after which Besant, with his partner John Vidler, enjoyed a monopoly on the supply of coaches, and a virtual monopoly on their upkeep and servicing.
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Initially the coach, horses and driver were all supplied by contractors. There was strong competition for the contracts as they provided a fixed regular income on top of which the companies could charge fares for the passengers. By the beginning of the 19th century the Post Office had their own fleet
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employee, an armed guard, stood. Passengers were taken at a premium fare. There was seating for four passengers inside and more outside with the driver. The guard's seat could not be shared. This distribution system began in
Britain in 1784. In Ireland the same service began in 1789, and in Australia
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took place on 11 November 1830. By the early 1840s other rail lines had been constructed and many London-based mail coaches were starting to be withdrawn from service; the final service from London (to
Norwich) was shut down in 1846. Regional mail coaches continued into the 1850s, but these too were
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often confuse them with private stage coaches, though robberies did occur. To prevent corruption and ensure good performance, the guards were paid handsomely and supplied with a generous pension. The mail was their sole charge, meaning that they had to deliver it on foot if a problem arose with the
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The mail coaches were originally designed for a driver, seated outside, and up to four passengers inside. The guard (the only Post Office employee on the coach) travelled on the outside at the rear next to the mail box. Later a further passenger was allowed outside, sitting at the front next to the
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overland packhorse mail service was commenced in 1837. From 1855 the Sydney to
Melbourne overland mail coach was supplanted by coastal steamer ship and rail. The rail network became the distributor of mail to larger regional centres there the mail coach met the trains and carried the mail to more
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Royal Mail coach services reached their peak in the later decades of the 19th century, operating over thousands of miles of eastern
Australia. In 1870s Cobb & Co's Royal Mail coaches were operating some 6000 horses per day, and travelling 28,000 miles weekly carrying mail, gold, and general
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the roads had improved enough to allow speeds of up to 10 mph (16 km/h). Fresh horses were supplied every 10 to 15 miles (16–24 km). Stops to collect mail were short and sometimes there would be no stops at all with the guard throwing the mail off the coach and snatching the new
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Impressed by the trial run, Pitt authorised the creation of new routes. By the end of 1785 there were services from London to
Norwich, Liverpool, Leeds, Dover, Portsmouth, Poole, Exeter, Gloucester, Worcester, Holyhead and Carlisle. A service to Edinburgh was added the next year and Palmer was
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driver, and eventually a second row of seating was added behind him to allow two further passengers to sit outside. Travel could be uncomfortable as the coaches travelled on poor roads and passengers were obliged to dismount from the carriage when going up steep hills to spare the horses (as
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Australia's first mail coach was established in 1828 and was crucial in connecting the remote settlements being established to the larger centres. The first mail contracts were issued and mail was transported by coach or on horseback from Sydney to the first seven country post offices –
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keepers to open the gate (mail coaches were exempt from stopping and paying tolls: a fine was payable if the coach was forced to stop). Since the coaches had right of way on the roads the horn was also used to advise other road users of their approach.
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A mail coach service ran to an exact and demanding schedule. Aside from quick changes of horses the coach only stopped for collection and delivery of mail and never for the comfort of the passengers. To avoid a steep fine
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continued until 1924 when the last service operated in western
Queensland. The lucrative mail contracts helped Cobb & Co grow and become an efficient and vast network of coach services in eastern Australia.
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would remove the letters for the local area before handing the remaining letters and any additions to the next rider. The riders were frequent targets for robbers, and the system was inefficient.
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The mail coaches continued unchallenged until the 1830s but the development of railways spelt the end for the service. The first rail delivery between
Liverpool and
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123:-approved design operated by an independent contractor to carry long-distance mail for the Post Office. Mail was held in a box at the rear where the only
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gates had to be open by the time the mail coach with its right of free passage passed through. The gatekeeper was warned by the sound of the posthorn.
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in
Britain had existed in the same form for about 150 years – from its introduction in 1635, mounted carriers had ridden between "posts" where the
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Mail coaches were slowly phased out during the 1840s and 1850s, their role eventually replaced by trains as the railway network expanded.
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coach and, unlike the driver, they remained with the coach for the whole journey; occasionally guards froze to death from
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In 1789, mail coaches began a scheduled service from Dublin to
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and dressed in the Post Office livery of maroon and gold. The mail coaches were thus well defended against
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and London. Under the old system the journey had taken up to 38 hours. The coach, funded by Palmer, left
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stage coach existed. In winter, this last route took three days, with overnight stops at
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By the mid-19th century, most of the mail coaches in Ireland were eventually out-competed by
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724:. Launceston, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 27 January 1838. p. 13
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1692:‡ indicates vehicles that were used historically in public transport services
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rewarded by being made Surveyor and Comptroller General of the Post Office.
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to the west as early as 1737 and for a short period from 1740, a Dublin to
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in their exposed position outside the coach during the harsh winters (see
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at 4 pm on 2 August 1784 and arrived in London just 16 hours later.
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Miscellaneous Essays – The English Mail Coach, by Thomas de Quincey.
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were imported from the United States made in New Hampshire by the
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119:. In Great Britain, Ireland, and Australia, they were built to a
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694:(reprint ed.). University of Michigan Press. p. 61.
26:
550:. The Royal Mail: Postal Heritage Trust. 2005. Archived from
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The Cornwall Chronicle (Launceston, Tas. : 1835 – 1880)
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McCutcheon, William Alan; Dept. of the Environment (1984).
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The Chronicler of Barsetshire: A Life of Anthony Trollope
481:, an 1849 essay by the English author Thomas De Quincey.
585:. Bishops Stortford Tourist Information. Archived from
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In 1863 contracts were awarded to the coaching company
188:, allowed him to carry out an experimental run between
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A twice-weekly stage coach service operated between
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from Leigh's New Pocket Road-book of Ireland, 1835.
338:; in summer, travel time was reduced to two days.
297:). The guard was supplied with a timepiece and a
609:"Broadside entitled "Robbery of the Mail Coach""
265:The cost of travelling by mail coach was about 1
768:Margetson, Stella. "The Mail Coach Revolution"
667:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 395.
664:The industrial archaeology of Northern Ireland
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242:Royal Mail coach in the Science Museum London
40:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1720:Postal infrastructure in the United Kingdom
640:. US: Oxford University Press. p. 17.
100:, 1838. The guard can be seen at the back.
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376:Australian Royal Mail coach with Concord
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
807:Mail Coach Routes – Direct from Dublin
429:to transport Royal Mail services within
525:
502:
453:1853, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia
437:. These contracts and later others in
230:eventually replaced by rail services.
7:
772:(Jan 1967), Vol. 17 Issue 1, p36-44.
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146:North Country Mails at The Peacock,
803:British Postal Museum & Archive
272:The guard was heavily armed with a
208:The Royal Mails departure from the
637:Divided Kingdom: Ireland 1630–1800
25:
262:deliveries from the postmaster.
31:
797:Authorama – Public Domain Books
251:describes at the beginning of
1:
613:National Library of Scotland
509:England north of the river
422:remote towns and villages.
210:General Post Office, London
182:Chancellor of the Exchequer
54:, discuss the issue on the
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1641:Equestrian use of roadways
1690:
746:. Powerhouse Museum. 2009
96:The Edinburgh and London
545:"The Mail Coach Service"
295:River Thames frost fairs
115:that is used to deliver
1636:Museums and collections
1507:Whippletree/double tree
634:Connolly, Sean (2008).
176:, a theatre owner from
164:postal delivery service
1487:Swingletree/singletree
479:The English Mail-Coach
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381:
243:
218:
154:
104:
102:John Frederick Herring
857:carriages and coaches
467:Abbot-Downing Company
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95:
1459:Vehicle construction
1439:Trolley and lift van
1279:Limbers and caissons
844:Horse-drawn vehicles
688:Super, R.H. (1991).
463:Concord stagecoaches
364:History in Australia
254:A Tale of Two Cities
60:create a new article
52:improve this article
42:may not represent a
1472:Front axle assembly
1157:carriages and carts
1077:Runabout (carriage)
783:History of the Post
581:Paul Ailey (2004).
492:, in ancient Persia
485:Horse-drawn vehicle
121:General Post Office
1710:Coaches (carriage)
1344:Two-wheeled calash
785:Bath Postal Museum
455:
451:Concord stagecoach
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310:History in Ireland
284:, and accounts of
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158:History in Britain
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128:it began in 1828.
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1047:Marathon carriage
791:, by Anne Woodley
701:978-0-472-08139-4
674:978-0-8386-3125-6
647:978-0-19-954347-2
557:on 2 January 2011
326:to the south and
88:
87:
80:
62:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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1672:Carriage museums
1009:Horsebus/Omnibus
993:Hackney carriage
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716:"INFANT SCHOOL"
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589:on 4 March 2012
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68:September 2023
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855:Four-wheeled
801:Mail Coaches
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744:"Mail coach"
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1477:Hammercloth
1375:Sled/sleigh
1368:Non-wheeled
1309:Sprung cart
1155:Two-wheeled
1104:State coach
1098:Stage wagon
1062:Post chaise
351:County Down
343:Portpatrick
291:hypothermia
274:blunderbuss
174:John Palmer
1704:Categories
1650:Categories
1497:Wainwright
1404:Chuckwagon
1263:Hansom cab
1092:Stagecoach
1067:Road Coach
1041:Mail coach
593:31 October
561:31 October
520:References
439:Queensland
391:Parramatta
347:Donaghadee
282:highwaymen
227:Manchester
168:postmaster
125:Royal Mail
113:stagecoach
109:mail coach
98:Royal Mail
1657:Carriages
1606:Postilion
1540:Breeching
1482:Shaft bow
1284:Ralli car
1170:Cape cart
1164:Cabriolet
1146:Wagonette
1136:Vis-à-vis
1121:Tarantass
1052:Park Drag
963:Dos-à-dos
957:Diligence
929:Charabanc
899:Buckboard
848:carriages
458:parcels.
449:Imported
419:Melbourne
407:Newcastle
395:Liverpool
378:mud-coach
286:robberies
217:, c.1830.
148:Islington
56:talk page
1596:Coachman
1530:Blinders
1314:Stanhope
1217:Curricle
1195:Quadriga
1131:Victoria
1082:Sociable
1072:Rockaway
1026:Karozzin
1015:Horsecar
935:Clarence
919:Carryall
894:Brougham
874:Barouche
789:The Mail
750:4 August
728:4 August
619:30 March
473:See also
435:Victoria
411:Bathurst
324:Kilkenny
320:Drogheda
303:tollgate
299:posthorn
276:and two
134:turnpike
50:You may
1616:Driving
1601:Footman
1589:Related
1555:Crupper
1517:Harness
1434:Trolley
1396:drayage
1380:Travois
1359:Whiskey
1354:Volante
1339:Tumbrel
1329:Tilbury
1222:Dogcart
1212:Croydon
1180:Chariot
1057:Phaeton
1031:Kibitka
973:Droshky
914:Cariole
889:Britzka
399:Windsor
387:Penrith
332:Belfast
328:Athlone
278:pistols
194:Bristol
190:Bristol
1682:Images
1631:Tandem
1611:Livery
1575:Terret
1570:Saddle
1550:Collar
1545:Bridle
1429:Telega
1385:Troika
1274:Kalesa
1247:Gharry
1207:Cidomo
1116:Surrey
1109:Gilded
1036:Landau
1021:Jingle
1004:Herdic
999:Hearse
978:Fiacre
924:Chaise
909:Calash
879:Berlin
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615:. 2004
511:Humber
415:Sydney
413:. The
316:Dublin
234:Travel
150:1821.
1662:Carts
1580:Trace
1565:Lines
1449:Wagon
1444:Vardo
1424:Lorry
1419:Float
1324:Tanga
1319:Sulky
1304:Sjees
1237:Float
1227:Dokar
1190:Triga
1141:Vozok
1126:Triga
952:Coupé
940:Coach
904:Buggy
884:Brake
869:Bandy
864:Araba
555:(PDF)
548:(PDF)
461:Some
349:, in
336:Newry
111:is a
58:, or
1334:Trap
1294:Shay
1242:Gari
1232:Ekka
1185:Biga
1175:Cart
968:Drag
846:and
752:2015
730:2015
696:ISBN
669:ISBN
642:ISBN
621:2018
595:2006
563:2006
497:Note
433:and
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318:and
178:Bath
162:The
117:mail
1253:Gig
983:Fly
417:to
213:by
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