1317:
602:
menhirs, representing Orah and Omei, stand upright on the eastern side with the third (representing Okhe) on the western side lies flat on the cairn, at
Chazhilophi, south of Makhel or Makhrai Rabu,a Mao Naga village in Manipur state of India. Makhrai Rabu is also believed to be the ancestral village of the Nagas who first settled there after years of migration and before further migrating to their present areas of habitation.
35:
365:
people to construct an intelligible map of migration to their present habitat. Most of these accounts differ in details, as also in their conclusions. However, the one thing that has gained wide acceptance and currency is the view that they came to their present habitat in waves of migration, of which two major waves are fairly detailed.
744:
In another version, it is said that the conflict over who would inherit the motherland (called the ānavelā of the earth, meaning the middle ground) was resolved through a contestāa raceāon the instruction of the mother. For the purpose, she set up three stone monoliths as the target, one for each of
610:
There is a legend in Mao folklore which tells of the first woman named
Dziilimosiiro (Dziilimosiia to some others according to variation in the dialect) from whom the whole of mankind has descended. One day a column of clouds enveloped her while she was asleep under a banyan tree, and she conceived.
601:
Three menhirs, commemorating the meeting of the three brothers ā Okhe (meaning 'Tiger' representing all of the animal kingdom), Orah (meaning 'God' representing all of the supernatural world) and Omei (meaning 'mankind') who, in the Mao mythology, are said to have descended from a common mother. Two
289:
lost a major tool in the advancement of knowledge. Since the script was scrolled on a hide, it was thought that the scroll was nibbled away by mice. Later, suspicion arose that the two older brothers might have conspired to deprive their brother of the script as later interactions among the brothers
673:
pawed and dug at all places to find the mother's body, but could not find it. He had missed the hearth place as it did not occur to him that she could be buried under the hearth. From thereon, the tradition that the family can bury their dead beneath their hearth originated, though the practice is
647:
thought to himself that he should do something to let her die peacefully on a day when he was with her. So, he collected some chillies which grew in the wild and cooked it into a soup thinking that it would slowly kill her. On taking the soup, the mother got better and thereafter asked for more of
364:
The significance of the beliefs and mythologies that are associated with it is that they help us to understand and to piece together their past which is otherwise shrouded in obscure and unrelated stories and legends. Many scholars and writers have tried to piece together the folklores of the Naga
284:
In popular Mao folklore, there is a story transmitted through an old folksong which says that each of the three brothers descended from the first man was given a language and a script scrolled on three different materials by their father. The eldest son was given the script scrolled on a bark, the
356:
holds a central place in Naga tradition in connection with a belief that the Nagas at one point of time settled here and later dispersed to their present areas of habitation, but not before erecting monuments that would signify their communion and a pledge to reunite in the future. The village of
264:
family. It displays a lot of variations in tonality, spelling and pronunciation among the Mao villages, suggesting a lack of interaction in the past. Many of the physical and metaphysical objects are referred to by different names by different villages. The degree of variation gets considerably
475:
and the surrounding areas, population increase must have made them to push outwards to find new habitations. In popular folklore, before departing, they converged at the foot of a wild pear tree, which is believed to be the sacred pear tree standing at
Shajouba, about a kilometer away from
285:
middle one on a bamboo culm sheath and the youngest on a hide. As the youngest of the brothers, the forefather of the Nagas did not understand the significance of having a script and casually tucked away the scroll at the side of his bed. Over time, the scroll was lost and the
619:
the youngest. Life went on and many years passed. In her old age, the mother became weak and fell ill. Each of her sons took turns to stay at home and care for her while the other two went away for daily activities in the forests gathering food. The story goes that on the day
606:
The village of Makhel and the surrounding areas in the heart of the land of the Maos are an ethnographer's delight and an open invitation to archaeologists too because of the various artifacts present and the never ending stories and legends associated with them.
656:
buried her under the family hearth as his mother instructed him to do before her death, and put the hearth stones back into place so as to make it look like nothing happened. He also dug at various places so that fresh earth could be seen everywhere. When
784:, the ferocious brother, as he could not match the physical strength of the latter. So, unlike the version which has the mother instructing the youngest son to use an arrow, it was the second brother
697:
came into the house and saw his brother's reflection in the long tubular water drum below. Thinking this was the opportunity, it dived in only to find that it was full of water. The splash woke up
523:, who moved westward, eastward and southward, do not have knowledge or mention of the place in their folklore. It is quite probable that the northern ethnic group, when they dispersed from
1206:
452:
as their place of origin, which properly understood means that they once lived at the place and moved away from there to their present areas of habitation. The groups which claim the
361:
and the surrounding areas have several historical as well as mythological monuments and relics that are of interest to ethnographers, historians and cultural anthropologists.
624:
stayed at home with the mother, he pestered her by pointing at all parts of her body saying it would eat such and such part after her death. On other days when
1199:
305:. A very persuasive hypothesis is that "these stories represent a tribal memory of time when they were associated with a literate civilization, perhaps in
2446:
1192:
768:
A variation of the second version says that the contest happened after the mother died. The target was a bunch of leaves rolled on a twig, called
765:, with the help of his bow, reached the target with an arrow and thus claimed his right as the heir to the motherland to which the mother agreed.
717:ās waist while it was asleep. He then took his bugle, made from the long stem of a tubular plant called 'makhi', and sounded it sharply into
953:
2451:
598:
569:
These waves of migration are believed to be the tail-end of a long migration of a much larger group which started from the confluence of
800:(near Makhel village), representing Tiger, Spirit and Man were erected in commemoration of the three brothers who once lived together.
52:
2422:
118:
329:
424:
origin is also shared by some other groups in some accounts. While some of the ethnic groups who are situated farther away from
99:
1215:
71:
56:
745:
them, and decided that the one who reached or touched it first would be the heir to the motherland. In the first contest,
253:
317:. Being peripheral to that civilization, they were unable to preserve its literacy skills once their migrations began."
252:
languages. Although classification differs in most other accounts, it is considered as one of the languages forming the
78:
701:
and thereafter he began to think of ways to get rid of his menacing brother. Seemingly, with all innocence, he asked
85:
45:
946:
635:ās turn to care for her, the mother was happy because he took good care of her. The mother dreaded the day when
681:
was always looking for an opportunity to harm his youngest brother with the intention of making him its meal.
67:
257:
249:
348:) in the Mao area, believed to have been planted at the time of migration of the Nagas to different areas.
261:
749:
overtook the other two, and reached the target first. However, their mother objected to it and accused
709:
replied that nothing could frighten him except the sound of a booming thunder. After getting the cue,
2441:
1722:
939:
685:, wary of his brother's intentions, created a sleeping place high up on the roof beyond the reach of
796:
did as he was instructed and claimed his right to the heartland or motherland. The three menhirs at
2265:
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1028:
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leaped to its feet and fled. As the pebbles made a sound in the gourd shell with its every leap,
508:
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1316:
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of making an earlier, and therefore false, start as she wanted her favourite and youngest son,
741:) where the sun was warm, in the lowland valley. Thus, the three brothers went their own ways.
1969:
1565:
1519:
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showed the reluctance of the two older siblings to accept their youngest brother as an equal.
235:
92:
918:
Celebration of 50 Years: Mao Nagas in Delhi (1961-2011) - A Commemorative
Souvenir-cum-Report
507:
also as a place where they had once lived. The rest of the groups such as the Mao Naga, the
2113:
1986:
1587:
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2235:
2165:
1797:
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clan, they are widely spread in different areas in the northern side of the Naga country.
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told him the truth about their mother's death, but wouldn't divulge where he buried her.
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Languages of the
Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region
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took a gourd, hollowed it out and put some pebbles into the dried shell. He tied it to
578:
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245:
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2250:
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2127:
2088:
2051:
2037:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1908:
1878:
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1802:
1747:
1697:
1692:
1654:
1644:
1614:
1579:
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1389:
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1231:
1108:
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817:
534:
The second major wave of migration can be adduced from the folklores narrated by the
203:
761:
to create a bow and how he should reached the target with an arrow. In the contest,
611:
She gave birth to 'Okhe' (Tiger), 'Orah' (God) and 'Omei' (Man), in that order with
368:
The more numerous group of these two waves of migration point to the Mao village of
2380:
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2045:
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1996:
1961:
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1123:
1098:
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1083:
1068:
1038:
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1008:
559:
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Although the ancestors of the ethnic group at one point of time, come and lived at
294:
241:
207:
172:
155:
2365:
1128:
1184:
862:
273:, although the Maos can inter-communicate fully with many of the villages in the
2410:
2400:
2390:
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2350:
2295:
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2011:
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1991:
1981:
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1883:
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people. The Aos in their folklore narrate how they emerged from stones called
543:
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409:
401:
293:
Similar stories are shared by many of the unrelated ethnic groups such as the
2340:
2330:
1649:
1371:
1103:
1093:
776:, being a benign being, was more compassionate towards the youngest brother
500:
729:
fled and fled until it was deep into the dark jungle in the western hills (
1333:
661:
came back home and noticed that the mother was not there, it enquired of
570:
219:
2225:
1863:
1827:
1669:
1223:
988:
535:
393:
215:
176:
931:
2029:
2021:
1898:
1840:
648:
it. Time passed, and unfortunately the old mother died on a day when
460:. However, some more ethnic groups have come to share the legends of
405:
328:
198:
1928:
1918:
1903:
1510:
596:
582:
574:
314:
310:
643:
would take their turn to nurse her. As her condition grew worse,
677:
Over time, conflict of interest arose among the three brothers.
413:
1188:
935:
28:
890:(Kohima: Naga Institute of Culture); also Vashum, R. (2005),
875:
265:
widened with the neighbouring dialect groups such as the
428:
have fuzzy accounts of the particular place, the Maos,
886:
For more detailed accounts, see
Alemchiba, M. (1970),
248:
languages, classified as an independent branch of the
916:
Neli, Daili (2011), "Makhrai Hrii (Makhel Race)" in
628:
took his turn to nurse her, her illness grew worse.
380:, a Chakhesang village, 7-8 kilometres northward of
2204:
2060:
2020:
1927:
1826:
1668:
1476:
1370:
1332:
1222:
483:The ethnic groups that went northwards such as the
182:
166:
149:
139:
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
757:, to inherit the motherland. She then instructed
863:https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=naga+mao
1200:
947:
8:
859:http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_nma
531:route and lived there for a period of time.
480:, and made a pact to come together one day.
134:
920:(New Delhi: Mao Welfare Association, Delhi)
1207:
1193:
1185:
954:
940:
932:
133:
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1315:
903:Incidentally, the Mao term for fever is
327:
907:meaning 'in the gripping teeth of God'.
809:
464:which did not figure originally in the
2032:(including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa,
888:A Brief Historical Account of Nagaland
384:. Included in this group are the Mao,
277:group and to a certain extent in the
7:
721:ās ears. On hearing the loud bugle,
57:adding citations to reliable sources
832:"WALS Online - Language Naga (Mao)"
792:to use an arrow to hit the target.
788:who instructed his younger brother
456:origin are collectively called the
892:Nagasā Right to Self-Determination
562:area. Collectively claimed as the
25:
2423:List of Scheduled Tribes in India
873:See Downs, Frederick S. (1983),
2447:Ethnic groups in Northeast India
894:(New Delhi: Mittal Publications)
214:inhabiting the northern part of
33:
44:needs additional citations for
1216:Hill tribes of Northeast India
780:who had to face bullying from
585:and the north-eastern part of
376:in Mao language), and also to
1:
877:(New Delhi, ISPCK), Note 187.
737:decided to go to the south (
313:, before their migration to
2452:Ethnic groups in South Asia
2468:
1313:
844:van Driem, George (2001),
233:
2419:
974:
705:what it feared the most.
240:George van Driem put the
187:
171:
154:
144:
558:which is in the present
2124:Khawathlang, Khothalong
593:Folklores and tradition
550:(meaning six stones in
542:, and a section of the
68:"Mao people" India
1326:
603:
589:in prehistoric times.
420:people. The belief of
349:
1966:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
1414:Khasi Synteng or Pnar
1319:
600:
331:
324:Mao in Naga Tradition
183:Related ethnic groups
2114:Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol
1992:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
1753:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
1445:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
1287:Mizo (Lushai) tribes
804:Notes and references
733:). In the meantime,
577:and spread out over
53:improve this article
448:, clearly indicate
352:The Mao village of
136:
1987:Man (Tai speaking)
1440:Man (Tai speaking)
1327:
1282:Man (Tai speaking)
615:as the eldest and
604:
350:
218:and some parts of
2429:
2428:
1962:Khasi and Jaintia
1478:Arunachal Pradesh
1410:Khasi and Jaintia
1257:Khasi and Jaintia
1182:
1181:
818:"CENSUS OF INDIA"
772:in Mao language.
260:subfamily of the
236:Mao Naga language
210:constituting the
194:
193:
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
2459:
1942:Dimasa (Kachari)
1713:Koirao (Thangal)
1571:Singpho (Jingpo)
1390:Dimasa (Kachari)
1237:Dimasa (Kachari)
1209:
1202:
1195:
1186:
956:
949:
942:
933:
921:
914:
908:
901:
895:
884:
878:
871:
865:
855:
849:
842:
836:
835:
828:
822:
821:
814:
689:. One day, when
140:Total population
137:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2415:
2208:
2200:
2064:
2056:
2016:
1968:, War, Bhoi or
1923:
1822:
1664:
1472:
1416:, War, Bhoi or
1366:
1328:
1322:
1311:
1263:, War, Bhoi or
1261:Synteng or Pnar
1218:
1213:
1183:
1178:
970:
960:
930:
925:
924:
915:
911:
902:
898:
885:
881:
872:
868:
856:
852:
843:
839:
830:
829:
825:
816:
815:
811:
806:
595:
579:south-east Asia
340:), standing at
326:
320:
238:
232:
224:Northeast India
132:
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
18:Mao Naga people
15:
12:
11:
5:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2101:Haokip, Haupit
2099:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2012:Synteng (Pnar)
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Mishing (Miri)
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1592:
1591:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1541:
1523:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:Dafla (Nyishi)
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1468:Synteng (Pnar)
1465:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1407:
1402:
1397:
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1387:
1382:
1376:
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1368:
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1365:
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1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1307:Synteng (Pnar)
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
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652:was with her.
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538:, some of the
338:Chiitebu Kajii
334:Wild Pear Tree
325:
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307:Southeast Asia
246:Angami-Pochuri
244:as one of the
234:Main article:
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2019:
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1997:Mikir (Karbi)
1995:
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1635:Mikir (Karbi)
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1511:Khowa (Bugun)
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1450:Mikir (Karbi)
1448:
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1435:Lakher (Mara)
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1357:Mikir (Karbi)
1355:
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258:Tibeto-Burman
256:genus of the
255:
251:
250:Tibeto-Burman
247:
243:
237:
229:
227:
225:
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217:
213:
209:
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204:Tibeto-Burman
201:
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84:
80:
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73:
70: ā
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2266:Khiamniungan
1737:
1380:Bodo-Kachari
1347:Bodo-Kachari
1259:(inc. Khasi
1063:
1029:Khiamniungan
917:
912:
904:
899:
891:
887:
882:
874:
869:
853:
845:
840:
826:
812:
797:
793:
789:
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777:
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769:
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754:
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746:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:was asleep,
690:
686:
682:
678:
676:
674:not common.
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:When it was
630:
625:
621:
616:
612:
609:
605:
568:
564:Chongliyimti
563:
556:Chongliyimti
555:
547:
533:
529:Khezhakenoma
528:
524:
521:Zeliangrongs
505:Khezhakenoma
504:
482:
477:
472:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:Zeliangrongs
425:
421:
381:
378:Khezhakenoma
377:
374:Makhrai Rabu
373:
369:
367:
363:
358:
353:
351:
345:
341:
337:
333:
319:
301:and several
292:
283:
262:Sino-Tibetan
242:Mao language
239:
208:ethnic group
197:
195:
189:Naga peoples
173:Christianity
131:Ethnic group
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
2442:Naga people
2206:Naga tribes
2062:Kuki tribes
2044:, Tromopa,
2002:Naga tribes
1978:(see below)
1976:Kuki Tribes
1894:Munda, Kaur
1576:Tai peoples
1544:Naga tribes
1520:Miju Mishmi
1491:Aka (Hruso)
1486:Abor (Galo)
1455:Naga tribes
1431:(see below)
1429:Kuki Tribes
1297:Naga tribes
1273:(see below)
1271:Kuki Tribes
798:Chazhilophi
665:about her.
552:Ao language
527:, took the
489:Chakhesangs
442:Chakhesangs
418:Zeliangrong
332:The sacred
303:Naga people
2436:Categories
2236:Chakhesang
2209:including:
2065:including:
2007:Pawi (Lai)
1566:Sherdukpen
1464:Raba, Rava
1460:Pawi (Lai)
1302:Pawi (Lai)
999:Chakhesang
820:. MHA GOI.
587:South Asia
402:Chakhesang
199:Mao people
109:March 2023
79:newspapers
2421:See also
2406:Yimkhiung
2189:Thangngeu
2141:Lengthang
2121:Khawchung
1372:Meghalaya
1321:Yimkhiung
1169:Yimkhiung
905:Orah maki
739:Kashiilei
548:Lungterok
346:Charangho
150:Languages
2371:Tangkhul
2286:Liangmai
2110:Hongsung
2085:Gamalhou
2079:Chongloi
2076:Changsan
1970:Lyngngam
1798:Tangkhul
1733:Liangmai
1660:Zekhring
1584:Khamyang
1418:Lyngngam
1334:Nagaland
1265:Lyngngam
1134:Tangkhul
1049:Liangmai
848:(Brill).
571:Mongolia
519:and the
517:Thangals
503:mention
499:and the
458:Tenyimis
444:and the
416:and the
342:Shajouba
269:and the
230:Language
220:Nagaland
167:Religion
156:Mao Naga
135:Mao Naga
2386:Thangal
2361:Sangtam
2356:Rongmei
2336:Pochury
2316:Monsang
2281:Lamkang
2276:Lainong
2196:Vaiphei
2176:Sitlhou
2173:Singson
2166:Sairhem
2156:Mangjel
2153:Lupheng
2150:Lhouvun
2147:Lhoujem
2144:Lhangum
2132:Kholhou
2098:Hanneng
2082:Doungel
2042:Tibetan
2034:Kagatey
1964:(inc.
1914:Tripuri
1864:Jamatia
1845:Chaimal
1828:Tripura
1808:Vaiphei
1783:Rongmei
1758:Monsang
1728:Lamkang
1718:Koireng
1670:Manipur
1640:Minyong
1580:Khampti
1534:Lishipa
1496:Apatani
1412:(inc.
1224:Mizoram
1149:Thangal
1124:Sangtam
1119:Rongmei
1099:Pochury
1079:Monsang
1044:Lamkang
1039:Lainong
861:; also
770:prodzii
560:Sangtam
540:Konyaks
509:Poumais
493:Rengmas
485:Angamis
468:group.
466:Tenyimi
438:Angamis
430:Poumais
394:Thangal
281:group.
216:Manipur
177:Animism
93:scholar
2401:Wancho
2391:Tikhir
2376:Tangsa
2351:Rengma
2346:Poumai
2311:Maring
2296:Makury
2271:Konyak
2261:Kharam
2251:Chothe
2221:Angami
2170:Selnam
2135:Kipgen
2128:Khelma
2118:Jongbe
2107:Hengna
2104:Haolai
2089:Gangte
2052:Lepcha
2038:Sherpa
2030:Bhutia
2022:Sikkim
1952:Hajong
1937:Chakma
1909:Santal
1899:Noatia
1879:Lepcha
1869:Khasia
1849:Chakma
1841:Bhutia
1803:Thadou
1748:Maring
1698:Gangte
1693:Chothe
1655:Puroik
1615:Khamba
1598:(inc.
1578:(inc.
1560:Wancho
1552:Tangsa
1546:(inc.
1530:Chugpa
1528:(inc.
1518:(inc.
1516:Mishmi
1506:Galong
1400:Hajong
1385:Chakma
1247:Hajong
1232:Chakma
1164:Wancho
1154:Tikhir
1139:Tangsa
1114:Rengma
1109:Poumai
1074:Maring
1059:Makury
1034:Konyak
1024:Kharam
1014:Chothe
984:Angami
969:tribes
525:Makhel
515:, the
513:Marams
511:, the
497:Lothas
495:, the
491:, the
487:, the
478:Makhel
473:Makhel
462:Makhel
454:Makhel
450:Makhel
434:Marams
426:Makhel
422:Makhel
406:Rengma
398:Angami
386:Poumai
382:Makhel
370:Makhel
359:Makhel
354:Makhel
295:Khasis
279:Angami
275:Poumai
271:Angami
267:Poumai
206:major
202:are a
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
2396:Tutsa
2381:Tarao
2331:Para
2326:Nocte
2321:Moyon
2306:Maram
2291:Lotha
2256:Inpui
2246:Chiru
2241:Chirr
2231:Chang
2192:Uibuh
2185:Thado
2180:Sukte
2162:Riang
2159:Misao
2094:Guite
2072:Biate
2046:Yolmo
1929:Assam
1919:Uchoi
1904:Riang
1859:Halam
1854:Garoo
1788:Simte
1778:Ralte
1773:Purum
1768:Paite
1763:Moyon
1743:Maram
1708:Inpui
1688:Chiru
1678:Aimol
1625:Memba
1610:Deori
1604:Padam
1588:Phake
1556:Tutsa
1548:Nocte
1538:Takpa
1526:Momba
1325:woman
1159:Tutsa
1144:Tarao
1089:Nocte
1084:Moyon
1069:Maram
1054:Lotha
1019:Inpui
1009:Chiru
1004:Chirr
994:Chang
731:Evele
583:Tibet
575:China
554:) at
544:Chang
501:Semas
410:Lotha
390:Maram
315:India
311:China
299:Kukis
287:Nagas
212:Nagas
100:JSTOR
86:books
2411:Zeme
2366:Sumi
2341:Phom
2216:AnÄl
2138:Kuki
1957:Hmar
1947:Garo
1874:Kuki
1836:Bhil
1813:Zeme
1703:Hmar
1683:Anal
1630:Miji
1620:Lisu
1600:Bori
1424:Koch
1405:Hmar
1395:Garo
1362:Naga
1352:Kuki
1342:Garo
1323:Naga
1277:Mara
1252:Hmar
1242:Garo
1174:Zeme
1129:Sumi
1104:Phom
1094:Para
979:AnÄl
967:Naga
963:List
857:See
794:Omei
790:Omei
786:Orah
782:Okhe
778:Omei
774:Orah
763:Omei
759:Omei
755:Omei
751:Okhe
747:Okhe
735:Orah
727:Okhe
723:Okhe
719:Okhe
715:Okhe
711:Omei
707:Okhe
703:Okhe
699:Omei
695:Okhe
691:Omei
687:Okhe
683:Omei
679:Okhe
671:Okhe
667:Omei
663:Omei
659:Okhe
654:Omei
650:Omei
645:Omei
641:Orah
639:and
637:Okhe
633:Omei
626:Orah
622:Okhe
617:Omei
613:Okhe
573:and
414:Sema
254:Naga
196:The
72:news
2301:Mao
1889:Mag
1818:Zou
1738:Mao
1723:Kom
1650:Nga
1596:Adi
1064:Mao
965:of
536:Aos
309:or
222:in
55:by
2438::
2226:Ao
2040:,
2036:,
1602:,
1586:,
1582:,
1558:,
1554:,
1550:,
1536:,
1532:,
989:Ao
581:,
440:,
436:,
432:,
412:,
408:,
404:,
400:,
396:,
392:,
388:,
297:,
226:.
175:,
160:L1
2048:)
1972:)
1606:)
1590:)
1562:)
1540:)
1522:)
1420:)
1267:)
1208:e
1201:t
1194:v
955:e
948:t
941:v
834:.
372:(
344:(
336:(
162:)
158:(
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:Ā·
90:Ā·
83:Ā·
76:Ā·
49:.
20:)
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