116:, but the underlying cause of how malaria cured psychosis was not understood, and Rosenblum's experiment remained unknown for several decades. Rosenblum never repeated the study or tried to develop specific method for the medical treatment. The importance of the study was realised only in 1938 when Austrian physician
169:
Wagner-Jauregg came to the conclusion that fever could cure psychosis after reviewing his own experiments and the historical accounts based on three phenomena: (a) the appearance of fever coincided with the disappearance of the symptoms of psychosis in medical history; (b) his findings that fever was
143:
Although the priority of using malaria therapy in brain disorders is generally attributed to
Rosenblum, the credit of developing malaria therapy as a standard medical practice and explaining the underlying scientific principle is to Austrian physician Julius Wagner-Jauregg. Wagner-Jauregg, working at
133:
Rosenblium was certainly the first to appreciate the curative effect of fever itself on the psychoses. He understood and reported on the value of malaria and typhoid in the treatment of mental disease. He was the first to inoculate psychotic patients with a febrile disease. Rosenblium, though
166:). Syphilis was at the time a deadly disease characterised by delusions, paralysis, and dementia; and known as "The Great Pox" and the "disease of the century." Neurosyphilis was prevalent in Europe during the 19th century, leading to an increased asylum population during this period.
96:
in the 2nd century CE described a case of mental illness that ended after malarial infection. There are medical records from the 19th century which indicate that insanity stopped temporarily or permanently when the individuals had severe infections.
112:, Ukraine, and written in Russian. He also preferred not to spread his findings. He understood that it was a dangerous experiment and potentially controversial. It was, however, reported by J. Motschukoffsky in a German medical journal
100:
Russian psychiatrist
Alexander Samoilovich Rosenblum was the first to experimentally use infections for the treatment of psychosis. In 1876, he induced fever in psychotic individuals using malaria,
170:
the only possible cause for the cure of psychosis; and (c) although all psychotic individuals were not cured, the number of cures increased whenever malaria spread. He made three postulates:
123:
In 1943, Samuel J. Zakon at the
Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago, US, acquired the original paper of Rosenblum and published an English translation with commentary in the
60:) are specifically used to cause fever, and an elevated body temperature reduces the symptoms of or cure the diseases. As the primary disease is treated, the malaria is then cured using
144:
the First
Psychiatry Clinic at the Asylum of Lower Austria, investigated cases of brain disorders since 1883, publishing his first paper on psychosis in 1887 titled "
600:
88:
in the 4th century BCE recorded bacterial infections such as dysentery and dropsy reducing the symptoms of madness; and that malaria (quartan fever) could stop
125:
148:" ("The Effect of Feverish Disease on Psychoses"). He soon realised that a severe type of psychosis was related to neurosyphilis, an infection of the
325:
Daey Ouwens, Ingrid M.; Lens, C. Elisabeth; Fiolet, Aernoud T. L.; Ott, Alewijn; Koehler, Peter J.; Kager, Piet A.; Verhoeven, Willem M. A. (2017).
108:. He claimed that he cured 50% of all those he treated. However, his work was not widely known as his publication in 1877 was in a small journal in
576:
73:
918:
731:
483:
928:
174:
The agent of treatment, febrile disease, while curing mental disorder, can still induce disease in healthy people.
933:
778:
518:"Julius Wagner-Jauregg and the legacy of malarial therapy for the treatment of general paresis of the insane"
149:
923:
117:
65:
134:
practically forgotten for over half a century, must be acknowledged as the true pioneer in this field.
54:
is induced to stop or eliminate symptoms of certain diseases. In malaria therapy, malarial parasites (
571:(in German) (Zweite, Neubearbeitete und Wesentlich vermehrte Auflage ed.). Vienna. p. 291.
594:
403:
356:
162:
61:
701:"Wagner-Jauregg and the priority of producing artificial fever for treatment of general paresis"
894:
886:
847:
829:
798:
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751:
712:
681:
635:
582:
572:
547:
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451:
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307:
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268:
229:
180:
Elevation of body temperature due to febrile disease is key to suppressing psychotic symptoms.
43:
938:
878:
837:
790:
743:
671:
627:
537:
495:
443:
387:
338:
260:
219:
211:
89:
105:
747:
499:
84:
The beneficial effects of infections in mental problems were known in the
Ancient world.
842:
817:
542:
517:
224:
199:
882:
447:
432:"Schizophrenia and intercurrent physical illness: a critical review of the literature"
391:
327:"Malaria Fever Therapy for General Paralysis of the Insane: A Historical Cohort Study"
27:
Medical procedure of treating diseases using artificial injection of malaria parasites
912:
794:
676:
659:
264:
101:
69:
42:) is an archaic medical procedure of treating diseases using artificial injection of
407:
360:
85:
47:
177:
Febrile disease strengthens (makes healthier) individuals with mental disorder.
56:
51:
17:
890:
833:
802:
755:
685:
586:
533:
455:
303:
120:
discussed the research at the
International Neurological Congress in London.
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763:
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463:
431:
153:
215:
343:
326:
816:
Tampa, M.; Sarbu, I.; Matei, C.; Benea, V.; Georgescu, S. R. (2014).
484:"Alexander Samoilovich Rosenblium: His Contribution to Fever Therapy"
249:"The history of malariotherapy for neurosyphilis. Modern parallels"
109:
93:
376:"The Nobel chronicles. 1927: Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857-1940)"
200:"On the Treatment of General Paralysis by Malaria Inoculation"
616:"The history of the malaria treatment of general paralysis"
146:Über die Einwirkung fieberhafter Erkrankungen auf Psychosen
779:"Priority in the Discovery of Fever Therapy in Psychosis"
660:"Priority on the Discovery of Fever Therapy in Psychosis"
288:"Wagner von Jauregg and development of malaria therapy"
247:Austin, S. C.; Stolley, P. D.; Lasky, T. (1992).
114:Centralblatt für die Medicinischen Wissenschaften
64:. The method was developed by Austrian physician
568:Die Malariabehandlung der Progressiven Paralyse
732:"Syphilis: A Review of the Recent Literature"
156:(caused by a bacterium identified in 1905 as
8:
614:Wagner-Jauregg, J.; Bruetsch, W. L. (1946).
871:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
783:Journal of the American Medical Association
664:Journal of the American Medical Association
126:Journal of the American Medical Association
599:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
841:
675:
541:
342:
223:
522:The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
488:Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology
190:
592:
653:
651:
649:
74:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
7:
748:10.1001/archinte.1947.00220070088001
511:
509:
500:10.1001/archderm.1943.01510010056009
477:
475:
473:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
204:British Journal of Venereal Diseases
139:Rediscovery and clinical application
865:Scheck, D. N.; Hook, E. W. (1994).
705:The American Journal of Psychiatry
620:The American Journal of Psychiatry
430:Lipper, S.; Werman, D. S. (1977).
25:
795:10.1001/jama.1944.02850210050025
677:10.1001/jama.1944.02850210050023
265:10.1001/jama.1992.03490040092031
72:for which he received the 1927
1:
883:10.1016/S0891-5520(20)30626-7
736:Archives of Internal Medicine
448:10.1016/s0010-440x(77)80003-5
392:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61500-0
198:Ironside, Redvers N. (1925).
68:in 1917 for the treatment of
822:Journal of Medicine and Life
777:Fleischmann, Walter (1944).
658:Bruetsch, Walter L. (1944).
50:(or pyretotherapy) by which
818:"Brief history of syphilis"
730:Reynolds, Frank W. (1947).
129:. The commentary concluded:
955:
565:Gerstmann, Josef (1928).
516:Tsay, Cynthia J. (2013).
436:Comprehensive Psychiatry
150:central nervous system
136:
699:Gonda, V. E. (1957).
632:10.1176/ajp.102.5.577
482:Zakon, S. J. (1943).
292:Psychiatrische Praxis
131:
118:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
90:epileptic convulsions
66:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
374:Raju, T. N. (1998).
919:History of medicine
158:Spirochaeta pallida
36:malaria inoculation
929:Medical procedures
331:European Neurology
216:10.1136/sti.1.1.58
163:Treponema pallidum
62:antimalarial drugs
46:. It is a type of
578:978-3-7091-2192-4
344:10.1159/000477900
286:Kohl, F. (1993).
44:malaria parasites
16:(Redirected from
946:
934:Physical therapy
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38:, and sometimes
21:
954:
953:
949:
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867:"Neurosyphilis"
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106:relapsing fever
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32:malaria therapy
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
952:
950:
942:
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905:
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877:(4): 769–795.
857:
808:
769:
722:
711:(6): 561–562.
691:
645:
626:(5): 577–582.
606:
577:
557:
528:(2): 245–254.
505:
469:
413:
386:(9141): 1714.
366:
337:(1–2): 56–62.
317:
298:(4): 157–159.
278:
259:(4): 516–519.
239:
189:
188:
186:
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81:
78:
40:malariotherapy
26:
24:
18:Malariotherapy
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
951:
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937:
935:
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927:
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796:
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784:
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773:
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749:
745:
742:(1): 92–112.
741:
737:
733:
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706:
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695:
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70:neurosyphilis
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49:
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37:
33:
19:
924:Neuroscience
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708:
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694:
667:
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623:
619:
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494:(1): 52–59.
491:
487:
442:(1): 11–22.
439:
435:
383:
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369:
334:
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320:
295:
291:
281:
256:
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210:(1): 58–63.
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145:
142:
132:
124:
122:
113:
99:
83:
55:
39:
35:
31:
29:
828:(1): 4–10.
86:Hippocrates
48:pyrotherapy
913:Categories
789:(3): 228.
670:(3): 228.
185:References
80:Background
57:Plasmodium
52:high fever
891:0891-5520
834:1844-3117
803:0002-9955
756:0730-188X
686:0002-9955
595:cite book
587:913702988
534:1551-4056
456:0010-440X
304:0303-4259
852:24653750
764:20283865
717:13478779
640:21026839
552:23766744
408:54264869
353:28633136
234:21772478
154:syphilis
939:Malaria
899:7890932
843:3956094
543:3670443
400:9853480
361:4774586
312:8362029
273:1619744
225:1046408
102:typhoid
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464:318959
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380:Lancet
359:
351:
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302:
271:
232:
222:
104:, and
404:S2CID
357:S2CID
152:with
110:Odesa
94:Galen
895:PMID
887:ISSN
848:PMID
830:ISSN
799:ISSN
760:PMID
752:ISSN
713:PMID
682:ISSN
636:PMID
601:link
583:OCLC
573:ISBN
548:PMID
530:ISSN
460:PMID
452:ISSN
396:PMID
349:PMID
308:PMID
300:ISSN
269:PMID
253:JAMA
230:PMID
34:(or
30:The
879:doi
838:PMC
791:doi
787:125
744:doi
709:114
672:doi
668:125
628:doi
624:102
538:PMC
496:doi
444:doi
388:doi
384:352
339:doi
261:doi
257:268
220:PMC
212:doi
915::
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