985:"The goal of the semantic web is to express real life. Many things in real life, real questions which we will face are not efficiently computable. There are two solutions to this: The classical (pre-web) solution is to constrain the language of expression so that all queries terminate in finite time. The weblike solution is to allow the expression of facts and rules in an overall language which is sufficiently flexible and powerful to express real life. Create subsets fo the web in which specific constraints give you specific computational properties. An anlogy is with the human-information systems which existed before the web. Most forced one to keep ones data in a hierarchy (sometimes of fixed depth or a matrix (often with a specific number of dimensions). This gave consistency properties within the information system. I bet DARPA has many of these systems and still does. They only way they could be integrated was to express them in terms of a much more powerful language - global hypertext. Hypertext did not have any of these reassuring properties. People were frightened about getting lost in it. You could follow links forever. As it turns out, it is true of course that there is a problem that you can follow links forever in the Web. "
316:
National
Institutes of Health in the spring of 1999. Varmus envisioned a digital archive of journals, accessible free of charge and with the added value of reference linking. "Our consensus was that publishers should be the ones doing the linking," said Bob Campbell, who chaired the meeting. "Since we were 'higher up the stream,' so to speak, we should be able to link our articles ahead of the NLM as part of the process of producing them. Stefan von Holtzbrinck then set the ball rolling by offering to link Nature publications with anyone else's. We decided to issue an announcement of a broad STM reference linking initiative. It was, of course, a strategic move only, since we had neither plan nor prototype."
278:
by the physicist Paul
Ginsparg and his colleagues at Los Alamos to allow physicists and mathematicians to share their work with one another over the Internet. They were posting "preprints" (articles not yet submitted or accepted for publication) at a publicly accessible website (called LanX or arXiv) for anyone to read and critique. The more I thought about this, the more I was convinced that a radical restructuring of methods for publishing, transmitting, storing, and using biomedical research reports might be possible and beneficial. In a spirit of enthusiasm and political innocence, I wrote a lengthy manifesto, proposing the creation of an NIH-supported online system, called E-biomed.
234:. Earlier data shows that from January 2013 to January 2014 author-initiated deposits exceeded 103,000 papers during a 12-month period. PMC identifies about 4,000 journals which participate in some capacity to deposit their published content into the PMC repository. Some publishers delay the release of their articles on PubMed Central for a set time after publication, referred to as an "embargo period", ranging from a few months to a few years depending on the journal. (Embargoes of six to twelve months are the most common.) PubMed Central is a key example of "systematic external distribution by a third party", which is still prohibited by the contributor agreements of many publishers.
367:(NIH) freely accessible to anyone, and, in addition, many publishers are working cooperatively with the NIH to provide free access to their works. In late 2007, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008 (H.R. 2764) was signed into law and included a provision requiring the NIH to modify its policies and require inclusion into PubMed Central complete electronic copies of their peer-reviewed research and findings from NIH-funded research. These articles are required to be included within 12 months of publication. This is the first time the US government has required an agency to provide
109:
291:, with an external editorial board retaining control over the process of reviewing, curating, and listing papers which would otherwise be freely accessible on the central E-biomed server. Varmus intended to realize the new possibilities presented by communicating scientific results digitally, imagining continuous conversation about published work, versioned documents, and enriched "layered" formats allowing for multiple levels of detail.
496:, the economic consequences of less readership, as well as the effect on maintaining a community of scholars within learned societies. A 2013 analysis found strong evidence that public repositories of published articles were responsible for "drawing significant numbers of readers away from journal websites" and that "the effect of PMC is growing over time".
320:
of the service that would become CrossRef was immediately apparent. Organizations such as AIP and IOP (Institute of
Physics) had begun to link to each other's publications, and the impossibility of replicating such one-off arrangements across the industry was obvious. As Tim Ingoldsby later put it, "All those linking agreements were going to kill us."
223:. PubMed Central is a free digital archive of full articles, accessible to anyone from anywhere via a web browser (with varying provisions for reuse). Conversely, although PubMed is a searchable database of biomedical citations and abstracts, the full-text article resides elsewhere (in print or online, free or behind a subscriber
277:
But my views broadened abruptly one morning in
December of 1998 when I met Pat Brown for coffee, at the café that was formerly the famed Tassajara Bakery, on the corner of Cole and Parnassus, during a visit to San Francisco. A few weeks before our coffee, Pat had learned about the methods being used
499:
Libraries, universities, open access supporters, consumer health advocacy groups, and patient rights organizations have applauded PubMed
Central, and hope to see similar public access repositories developed by other federal funding agencies so to freely share any research publications that were the
456:
Bibliographic citations are parsed and automatically linked to the relevant abstracts in PubMed, articles in PubMed
Central, and resources on publishers' Web sites. PubMed links also lead to PubMed Central. Unresolvable references, such as to journals or particular articles not yet available at one
319:
A small group led by Arnoud de Kemp of
Springer-Verlag met in an adjacent room immediately following the Board meeting to draft the announcement, which was distributed to all attendees of the STM annual meeting the following day and published in an STM membership publication. The potential benefit
324:
Under pressure from vigorous lobbying from commercial publishers and scientific societies who feared for lost profits, NIH officials announced a revised PubMed
Central proposal in August 1999. PMC would receive submissions from publishers, rather than from authors as in E-biomed. Publications were
315:
At the Board meeting of the STM association, held the afternoon of Monday, October 11, before the fair's
Wednesday opening, discussion focused on an emerging U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) initiative called E-Biomed (later PubMed Central) that had been proposed by Harold Varmus of the
448:
to the very similar NLM Archiving and
Interchange DTD. This process may reveal errors that are reported back to the publisher for correction. Graphics are also converted to standard formats and sizes. The original and converted forms are archived. The converted form is moved into a relational
814:
302:
and create their own indexing system was a wholly new idea. Major commercial publishers had begun experimenting with an indexing system for scientific papers shared across publishers as early as 1993, and were spurred to action following the E-biomed proposal. At the October 1999
471:
When a user accesses a journal issue, a table of contents is automatically generated by retrieving all articles, letters, editorials, etc. for that issue. When an actual item such as an article is reached, PubMed Central converts the NLM markup to
803:
479:
In a separate submission stream, NIH-funded authors may deposit articles into PubMed Central using the NIH Manuscript Submission (NIHMS). Articles thus submitted typically go through XML markup in order to be converted to NLM DTD.
491:
While PMC is a welcome partner to open access publishers in its ability to augment the discovery and dissemination of biomedical knowledge, that same truth causes others to worry about traffic being diverted from the published
304:
420:
With the release of public access plans for many agencies beyond NIH, PMC is in the process of becoming the repository for a wider variety of articles. This includes NASA content, with the interface branded as "PubSpace".
1715:
1577:
282:
The goal of E-biomed was to provide free access to all biomedical research. Papers submitted to E-biomed could take one of two routes: either immediately published as a preprint, or through a traditional
507:
papers had a greater research impact. A randomised trial found an increase in content downloads of open access papers, with no citation advantage over subscription access one year after publication.
1728:
To support this initiative, NLM is adapting its standard procedures for depositing articles into PMC to provide greater flexibility that will ensure coronavirus research is readily available.
406:
230:
As of December 2018, the PMC archive contained over 5.2 million articles, with contributions coming from publishers or authors depositing their manuscripts into the repository per the
1459:
1447:"ACS Submission to the Office of Science and Technology Policy Request for Information on Public Access to Peer-Reviewed Scholarly Publications Resulting from Federally Funded Research"
294:
The proposal to create a central index of biomedical research was a radical departure from prevailing publishing norms. Prior to the internet, publication indexes operated largely like
476:
for delivery, and provides links to related data objects. This is feasible because the variety of incoming data has first been converted to standard DTDs and graphic formats.
2726:
1878:
2038:
1115:
Ashburner, Michael; Brown, Patrick O.; Eisen, Michael; Kirschner, Marc; Khosla, Chaitan; Nusse, Roel; Roberts, Richard J.; Scott, Matthew; Varmus, Harold; Wold, Barbara.
1707:
1569:
2660:
1936:
2721:
2645:
2488:
2137:
1804:
247:
197:
2701:
1124:
1062:
855:
41:
2655:
1307:
1420:
345:) in 2001, reaching the conclusion "that if we really want to change the publication of scientific research, we must do the publishing ourselves."
1454:
1207:
522:
503:
The Antelman study of open access publishing found that in philosophy, political science, electrical and electronic engineering and mathematics,
488:
Reactions to PubMed Central among the scholarly publishing community range between a genuine enthusiasm by some, to cautious concern by others.
441:. Older and larger publishers may have their own established in-house DTDs, but many publishers use the NLM Journal Publishing DTD (see above).
329:
up to one year. PMC would only allow peer-reviewed work — no preprints. The then-unnamed publisher-led linking system shortly thereafter became
2706:
371:
to research and is an evolution from the 2005 policy, in which the NIH asked researchers to voluntarily add their research to PubMed Central.
1446:
937:
654:
530:
1338:
2089:
1146:
904:
2415:
1956:
1748:
1964:
2478:
2130:
1797:
1906:
1570:"Autism Speaks Announces New Policy to Give Families Easy, Free Access to Key Research Findings - Press Release - Autism Speaks"
216:
search and retrieval systems, further enhancing the public's ability to discover, read and build upon its biomedical knowledge.
1368:
1028:
1093:
2425:
205:
386:
as part of a nine-strong group of UK research funders. This system went live in January 2007. On 1 November 2012, it became
1520:"Public accessibility of biomedical articles from PubMed Central reduces journal readership--retrospective cohort analysis"
677:
409:
comments that "it is likely to become the standard for preparing scholarly content for both books and journals". A related
298:: allocated by registration agencies to secondary publishers. The idea that anyone could own their own address space via a
2711:
2696:
2675:
1267:
943:
364:
996:
707:
417:
and the British Library have announced support for the NLM DTD. It has also been popular with journal service providers.
2670:
2640:
2123:
1790:
398:
449:
database, along with associated files for graphics, multimedia, or other associated data. Many publishers also provide
2635:
1289:
200:(NCBI), PubMed Central is more than a document repository. Submissions to PMC are indexed and formatted for enhanced
2716:
2650:
2630:
1941:
2013:
1180:
1116:
1054:
558:
457:
of these sources, are tracked in the database and automatically come "live" when the resources become available.
375:
334:
639:
Proceedings of the International Symposium on XML for the Long Haul: Issues in the Long-term Preservation of XML
637:
Beck J (2010). "Report from the Field: PubMed Central, an XML-based Archive of Life Sciences Journal Articles".
1969:
1873:
504:
438:
410:
360:
354:
231:
780:
742:
2567:
2511:
1832:
212:
structured data for each article. Content within PMC can be linked to other NCBI databases and accessed via
1237:
2607:
2323:
2279:
2094:
1946:
1883:
1315:
526:
2597:
2572:
2349:
2258:
2170:
1926:
1893:
1424:
605:
582:
391:
387:
1203:
1398:
517:
In March 2020, PubMed Central accelerated its deposit procedures for the full text of publications on
2665:
2587:
2552:
2506:
2394:
2354:
2339:
2099:
965:
Saunders, Jonny (September 1, 2022). "Decentralized Infrastructure for (Neuro)science". p. 26.
2188:
2146:
511:
461:
414:
108:
1708:"The National Library of Medicine expands access to coronavirus literature through PubMed Central"
844:"E-Biomed: A Proposal for Electronic Publications in the Biomedical Sciences (Draft and Addendum)"
2557:
2193:
2165:
2073:
1827:
966:
181:
1346:
1204:"ALPSP Technology Update: A Standard XML Document Format: The case for the adoption of NLM DTD"
2613:
2501:
2468:
2289:
2210:
2048:
2023:
1868:
1840:
1689:
1551:
1497:
1488:
Davis PM (October 2012). "The effect of public deposit of scientific articles on readership".
933:
650:
493:
1154:
2602:
2516:
2238:
2160:
1921:
1679:
1671:
1638:
1612:
1541:
1531:
896:
884:
642:
465:
1740:
1086:"The Scholars Rebellion Against Scholarly Publishing Practices: Varmus, Vitek, and Venting"
885:"The real stakes of virtual publishing: The transformation of E-Biomed into PubMed central"
2577:
2374:
2364:
2311:
2294:
2220:
2104:
2033:
402:
383:
308:
288:
1117:"Letter from the Public Library of Science [to signers of the PLoS open letter]"
2526:
2496:
2432:
2399:
2369:
2318:
2205:
2200:
2063:
2018:
2008:
2003:
1858:
1850:
1684:
1660:"Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial"
1659:
1546:
1519:
557:
database. The two identifiers are distinct however. It consists of "PMC" followed by a
460:
An in-house indexing system provides search capability, and is aware of biological and
379:
2690:
2582:
2389:
2359:
2243:
2228:
2068:
2053:
2028:
1901:
546:
525:
and international scientists to improve access for scientists, healthcare providers,
338:
250:
193:
1085:
1019:
2058:
1990:
1360:
266:
596:, an international literature database of life sciences and biomedical information
311:
reached a hurried conference room consensus to launch their competitor prototype:
253:. The idea came to him "abruptly" in December 1998, inspired by the early use of
2562:
2420:
2379:
2233:
2043:
1863:
1259:
671:
646:
518:
368:
299:
284:
185:
17:
927:
2442:
2344:
1916:
1813:
1782:
988:
699:
542:
189:
150:
2463:
2306:
1911:
1643:
1626:
843:
1693:
1555:
1501:
1293:
2536:
2531:
2458:
2248:
1617:
1600:
1536:
468:
names, and alternate names for organisms, diseases and anatomical parts.
330:
326:
262:
258:
243:
201:
2473:
2437:
2384:
1998:
1931:
610:
593:
224:
2115:
1658:
Davis PM, Lewenstein BV, Simon DH, Booth JG, Connolly MJ (July 2008).
900:
889:
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
549:
identifier for the PubMed Central open access database, much like the
2521:
2284:
2274:
1974:
1675:
1176:
616:
554:
220:
213:
1775:
772:
700:"MEDLINE, PubMed, and PMC (PubMed Central): How are they different?"
670:
Maloney C, Sequeira E, Kelly C, Orris R, Beck J (December 5, 2013).
126:
971:
390:. The Canadian member of the PubMed Central International network,
359:
Launched in February 2000, the repository has grown rapidly as the
2592:
2253:
254:
196:
journals. As one of the major research databases developed by the
2301:
1474:
599:
587:
550:
473:
453:
of their articles, and these are made available without change.
445:
434:
342:
295:
270:
2119:
1786:
1229:
750:
570:
510:
The NIH policy and open access repository work has inspired a
450:
430:
287:
process. The peer review process was to resemble contemporary
209:
514:
which has sparked action in other federal agencies as well.
1390:
27:
Repository of freely accessible biomedical journal articles
1627:"Scholarly communication: Turning crisis into opportunity"
407:
Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers
1601:"Do Open-Access Articles Have a Greater Research Impact?"
932:. New york: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 255–256.
188:
full-text scholarly articles that have been published in
307:
Annual Frankfurt Conference, several publishers led by
883:
Kling, Rob; Spector, Lisa B.; Fortuna, Joanna (2004).
676:. National Center for Biotechnology Information (US).
429:
Articles are sent to PubMed Central by publishers in
878:
876:
573:
awards must include the PMCID in their application.
2623:
2545:
2487:
2451:
2408:
2332:
2267:
2219:
2181:
2153:
2082:
1988:
1955:
1892:
1879:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
1849:
1820:
1741:"Include PMCID in Citations | publicaccess.nih.gov"
521:. The NLM did so upon request from the White House
145:
121:
116:
98:
90:
82:
74:
69:
61:
56:
48:
37:
1421:"PLOS Applauds Congress for Action on Open Access"
1339:"Public Access to Results of NASA-Funded Research"
1179:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
401:"NLM Journal Publishing Tag Set" journal article
545:), also known as the PMC reference number, is a
341:went on to found the Public Library of Science (
363:is designed to make all research funded by the
275:
1937:Participative decision-making in organizations
1308:"Public Access Plans of U.S. Federal Agencies"
2131:
1798:
1391:"Journal Archiving and Interchange Tag Suite"
198:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
337:system. Varmus, Brown, and others including
32:
374:A UK version of the PubMed Central system,
2727:United States National Library of Medicine
2138:
2124:
2116:
1805:
1791:
1783:
1021:The Formation of CrossRef: A Short History
837:
835:
613:(similar project focused on Latin America)
208:, and unique identifiers which enrich the
107:
42:United States National Library of Medicine
1683:
1642:
1616:
1545:
1535:
970:
246:, initially proposed in May 1999 by then-
1147:"Public access to NIH research made law"
553:is the bibliographic identifier for the
1513:
1511:
1455:Office of Science and Technology Policy
629:
523:Office of Science and Technology Policy
261:after a presentation from Pat Brown of
1751:from the original on December 29, 2020
1718:from the original on December 21, 2020
1465:from the original on February 13, 2017
31:
2646:Academic databases and search engines
1965:Health information on Knowledge (XXG)
1631:College & Research Libraries News
1240:from the original on October 16, 2020
1210:from the original on October 26, 2020
1183:from the original on October 16, 2020
1127:from the original on October 30, 2023
1123:. NIH, National Library of Medicine.
1065:from the original on October 30, 2023
1061:. NIH, National Library of Medicine.
1034:from the original on October 30, 2023
999:from the original on October 19, 2023
989:"What the Semantic Web can represent"
946:from the original on December 8, 2022
907:from the original on October 20, 2023
861:from the original on January 30, 2024
820:from the original on January 19, 2019
710:from the original on November 1, 2020
7:
2722:Full-text scholarly online databases
804:"Author rights: what's it all about"
783:from the original on August 13, 2011
444:Received articles are converted via
2702:Bibliographic databases and indexes
1712:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
1401:from the original on April 17, 2003
1292:. February 19, 2013. Archived from
1270:from the original on April 17, 2016
1260:"News from the Library of Congress"
1121:Harold Varmus - Profiles in Science
2416:Academic journal publishing reform
1957:Health information on the Internet
1580:from the original on June 12, 2018
1371:from the original on July 27, 2020
1096:from the original on July 30, 2020
680:from the original on July 28, 2020
25:
842:Varmus, Harold (April 19, 1999).
1605:College & Research Libraries
1290:"Inera Inc. - NLM DTD Resources"
1055:"Public Library of Science post"
747:NIH Manuscript Submission System
394:, was launched in October 2009.
219:PubMed Central is distinct from
2090:Open-source healthcare software
929:The Art and Politics of Science
86:Index, abstract & full-text
1625:Stemper J, Williams K (2006).
99:
1:
2707:National Institutes of Health
2676:Category:Scientific documents
437:, using a variety of article
365:National Institutes of Health
2671:Category:Academic publishing
1177:"Journal Publishing Tag Set"
500:result of taxpayer support.
413:is available for books. The
399:National Library of Medicine
378:, has been developed by the
1907:Doctor–patient relationship
1814:Telemedicine and telehealth
1202:French D (August 4, 2006).
1053:Public Library of Science.
647:10.4242/BalisageVol6.Beck01
561:of numbers. The format is:
512:2013 presidential directive
2743:
2489:Indexes and search engines
1942:Patient Activation Measure
1599:Antelman, Kristin (2004).
541:The PMCID (PubMed Central
533:, and the general public.
352:
2014:Remote patient monitoring
531:AI healthcare researchers
405:is freely available. The
376:UK PubMed Central (UKPMC)
1970:Online patient education
1874:Electronic health record
1365:preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1337:Kovo Y (July 22, 2016).
1059:The Harold Varmus Papers
361:NIH Public Access Policy
355:NIH Public Access Policy
242:PubMed Central began as
232:NIH Public Access Policy
2666:Style/formatting guides
2568:Scholarly communication
2268:Other publication types
1644:10.5860/crln.67.11.7720
1027:. CrossRef. p. 8.
926:Varmus, Harold (2009).
728:"Openness by Default",
325:allowed time-embargoed
2608:Least publishable unit
2280:Collection of articles
2095:Patient opinion leader
1947:Shared decision-making
1884:Personal health record
1518:Davis PM (July 2013).
1153:. 2007. Archived from
527:data mining innovators
464:, such as generic vs.
322:
280:
2598:Electronic publishing
2573:Scientific literature
2350:Article-level metrics
1927:Knowledge translation
1894:Patient participation
1296:on February 19, 2013.
854:(99). 101584926X356.
706:. September 9, 2019.
606:PubMed Central Canada
583:Europe PubMed Central
569:Authors applying for
392:PubMed Central Canada
388:Europe PubMed Central
313:
2712:Open-access archives
2697:Biological databases
2641:Open-access journals
2588:Open scientific data
2395:SCImago Journal Rank
2355:Author-level metrics
2340:Acknowledgment index
2100:Research participant
1745:publicaccess.nih.gov
1618:10.5860/crl.65.5.372
1574:www.autismspeaks.org
1537:10.1096/fj.13-229922
753:on February 10, 2014
2636:Scientific journals
2147:Academic publishing
1821:Background concepts
1349:on August 19, 2016.
1318:on October 18, 2020
1264:Library of Congress
1230:"NCBI Book Tag Set"
602:(PubMed Identifier)
462:medical terminology
415:Library of Congress
34:
2656:Copyright policies
2651:University presses
2558:Scientific writing
2426:Citation advantage
2333:Impact and ranking
2166:Scientific journal
2074:Telerehabilitation
1828:Health informatics
1714:. March 25, 2020.
1266:. April 19, 2006.
987:Berners-Lee, Tim.
743:"NIHMS Statistics"
732:, 16 January 2017.
182:digital repository
2717:Medical databases
2684:
2683:
2661:Preprint policies
2631:Academic journals
2614:Publish or perish
2469:Version of record
2409:Reform and access
2211:Literature review
2113:
2112:
2049:Teleophthalmology
2039:Telemental health
2024:Tele-epidemiology
1869:De-identification
1841:Telecommunication
1576:. July 25, 2012.
1496:(5): 161, 163–5.
1475:National Archives
1018:CrossRef (2009).
993:Web design issues
939:978-0-393-06128-4
901:10.1002/asi.10352
656:978-1-935958-02-4
619:(similar service)
565:PMCID: PMC1852221
494:version of record
171:
170:
16:(Redirected from
2734:
2603:Ingelfinger rule
2517:Semantic Scholar
2239:Technical report
2161:Academic journal
2140:
2133:
2126:
2117:
1922:Health education
1807:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1776:Official website
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1676:10.1136/bmj.a568
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1623:, summarized by
1622:
1620:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1490:The Physiologist
1485:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1451:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1423:. Archived from
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1345:. Archived from
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1314:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1297:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1157:on March 4, 2016
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
983:
977:
976:
974:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
880:
871:
870:
868:
866:
860:
839:
830:
829:
827:
825:
819:
808:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
749:. Archived from
739:
733:
730:Inside Higher Ed
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
667:
661:
660:
634:
466:proprietary drug
289:overlay journals
167:
164:
162:
160:
158:
156:
154:
152:
141:
138:
136:
134:
132:
130:
128:
112:
111:
101:
94:Journal articles
35:
21:
18:PMC (identifier)
2742:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2619:
2578:Learned society
2541:
2483:
2447:
2404:
2375:Journal ranking
2365:Citation impact
2328:
2263:
2221:Grey literature
2215:
2177:
2149:
2144:
2114:
2109:
2105:Virtual patient
2078:
2034:Teledermatology
1984:
1951:
1888:
1845:
1816:
1811:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1721:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1637:(11): 692–696.
1624:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1395:dtd.nlm.nih.gov
1389:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1234:dtd.nlm.nih.gov
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
986:
984:
980:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
940:
925:
924:
920:
910:
908:
882:
881:
874:
864:
862:
858:
841:
840:
833:
823:
821:
817:
806:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
741:
740:
736:
727:
723:
713:
711:
704:www.nlm.nih.gov
698:
697:
693:
683:
681:
669:
668:
664:
657:
641:. Vol. 6.
636:
635:
631:
626:
579:
539:
486:
427:
403:markup language
384:British Library
357:
351:
333:and the larger
309:Springer-Verlag
240:
149:
125:
106:
105:9,700,000
91:Format coverage
44:(United States)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2546:Related topics
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Web of Science
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:Google Scholar
2493:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Serials crisis
2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2400:Scientometrics
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Citation index
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2319:Poster session
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2206:Position paper
2203:
2201:Review article
2198:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2064:Telepsychiatry
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:Tele-audiology
2016:
2011:
2009:Remote therapy
2006:
2004:Remote surgery
2001:
1995:
1993:
1991:subspecialties
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1980:PubMed Central
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Admission note
1855:
1853:
1851:Medical record
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1768:External links
1766:
1763:
1762:
1732:
1699:
1650:
1611:(5): 372–382.
1591:
1561:
1530:(7): 2536–41.
1507:
1480:
1438:
1427:on May 7, 2016
1412:
1382:
1352:
1329:
1299:
1281:
1251:
1221:
1194:
1168:
1138:
1107:
1076:
1045:
1010:
978:
957:
938:
918:
895:(2): 127–148.
872:
831:
794:
764:
734:
721:
691:
673:PubMed Central
662:
655:
628:
627:
625:
622:
621:
620:
614:
608:
603:
597:
591:
585:
578:
575:
567:
566:
538:
535:
485:
482:
426:
423:
380:Wellcome Trust
350:
347:
269:, director of
239:
236:
184:that archives
174:PubMed Central
169:
168:
147:
143:
142:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
103:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
39:
33:PubMed Central
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2739:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Open research
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
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2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
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2470:
2467:
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2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
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2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Impact factor
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Bibliometrics
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
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2338:
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2335:
2331:
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2313:
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2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Annual report
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Working paper
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2171:Public health
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:Roles to play
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Teleradiology
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Telepathology
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Teledentistry
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1989:Telemedicine
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Decision aids
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:FASEB Journal
1521:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:"NASA in PMC"
1356:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1244:September 27,
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1156:
1152:
1151:Science Codex
1148:
1142:
1139:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1011:
998:
994:
990:
982:
979:
973:
968:
961:
958:
945:
941:
935:
931:
930:
922:
919:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
879:
877:
873:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
836:
832:
816:
812:
805:
802:Ouerfelli N.
798:
795:
782:
778:
774:
768:
765:
752:
748:
744:
738:
735:
731:
725:
722:
709:
705:
701:
695:
692:
679:
675:
674:
666:
663:
658:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
630:
623:
618:
615:
612:
609:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:
572:
564:
563:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:bibliographic
544:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
501:
497:
495:
489:
483:
481:
477:
475:
469:
467:
463:
458:
454:
452:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
424:
422:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
356:
348:
346:
344:
340:
339:Michael Eisen
336:
332:
328:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:Harold Varmus
249:
245:
237:
235:
233:
228:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:life sciences
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
166:
148:
146:Title list(s)
144:
140:
124:
120:
115:
110:
104:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
30:
19:
2059:Telepharmacy
1979:
1833:
1753:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1727:
1720:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1634:
1630:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1573:
1564:
1527:
1523:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1473:– via
1467:. Retrieved
1453:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:the original
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1394:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1364:
1355:
1347:the original
1342:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:the original
1311:
1302:
1294:the original
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1233:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:the original
1150:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1089:
1084:Kutz, Myer.
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1058:
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1020:
1013:
1001:. Retrieved
992:
981:
960:
948:. Retrieved
928:
921:
909:. Retrieved
892:
888:
863:. Retrieved
851:
848:NIH Preprint
847:
822:. Retrieved
811:ResearchGate
810:
797:
787:September 8,
785:. Retrieved
776:
773:"Home - PMC"
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
746:
737:
729:
724:
712:. Retrieved
703:
694:
684:September 8,
682:. Retrieved
672:
665:
638:
632:
590:(technology)
568:
540:
516:
509:
502:
498:
490:
487:
478:
470:
459:
455:
443:
428:
419:
396:
373:
358:
323:
318:
314:
293:
281:
276:
267:David Lipman
248:NIH director
241:
229:
218:
180:) is a free
177:
173:
172:
83:Record depth
52:2000–present
29:
2563:Peer review
2443:#ICanHazPDF
2421:Open access
2380:Eigenfactor
2324:Proceedings
2234:White paper
2044:Telenursing
1864:Blue Button
1836:health care
1834:In absentia
1584:February 7,
1469:February 7,
1431:February 7,
1405:October 17,
1274:November 6,
1214:November 6,
1187:November 6,
1161:November 6,
1131:October 20,
1100:October 20,
1069:October 20,
1038:October 20,
1003:October 20,
950:October 20,
911:October 20,
865:October 19,
824:January 17,
757:February 7,
714:January 29,
519:coronavirus
505:open access
369:open access
300:domain name
285:peer review
186:open access
75:Disciplines
2691:Categories
2479:Retraction
2452:Versioning
2345:Altmetrics
2290:Biological
1917:Health 2.0
1375:August 19,
1322:August 19,
972:2209.07493
624:References
543:identifier
425:Technology
353:See also:
204:, medical
190:biomedical
102:of records
2464:Postprint
2307:Monograph
2259:Lab notes
1912:E-patient
1722:March 31,
1312:cendi.gov
1206:. ALPSP.
484:Reception
259:preprints
163:/journals
2537:OpenAlex
2532:Paperity
2459:Preprint
2295:Chemical
2249:Pamphlet
2194:Abstract
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