231:
Mammoliti clan acquired the property or the direct or indirect control over wide extensions of land in
Castellace, Oppido and Santa Cristina in the Gioia Tauro plain. They forced most landowners to sell their properties at a price much lower than the market one, by imposing heavy extortion taxes or by damaging their trees and products. When they did not succeed in obtaining legal ownership of the lands, they frequently gained de facto control of the farms, selling the products and even collecting the relative farming subsidies.
334:– investigating the murder of Francesco Cordopatri – ordered the arrest of 35 members of the Mammoliti clan, Saro Mammoliti included, in an operation dubbed ‘Peace among the olive trees’. Arrests were made in June and August 1992. Charges include allegations of the murder; six bomb attacks; 19 arson attacks; the destruction of 1,100 olive, citrus and kiwi trees in 15 separate incursions, and 14 instances of agricultural equipment stolen.
1049:
289:, shortly after the ransom was paid. Getty III was permanently affected by the trauma and became a drug addict. After a stroke brought on by a cocktail of drugs and alcohol in 1981, Getty III was rendered speechless, nearly blind and partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He died on February 5, 2011, at the age of 54.
337:
Thanks almost exclusively to the baroness
Cordopatri's testimony, Salvatore La Rosa – the material killer of her brother was sentenced to 25 years in prison, while Saro Mammoliti's nephew Francesco, held to be the man who ordered the murder, got life. Saro Mammoliti himself was sent down for 22 years
309:
The
Mammolitis also exploited the estates belonging to the Cordopatri family. The Mammolitis through a front man, who paid only a symbolic rent, exploited the estates belonging to the family from 1964 up to the late 1980s. When baron Francesco Cordopatri finally succeeded in recovering control of the
230:
Since the 1950s powerful 'Ndrangheta families, such as the
Mammolitis and the Piromallis, launched into broad-scale expropriations of land and full-blown entrepreneurship, financing their operations by intercepting government development funds or by kidnapping the children of rich industrialists. The
276:
In
November 1973, an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear arrived at a daily newspaper. The second demand had been delayed three weeks by an Italian postal strike. The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless the victims paid $ 3.2 million. The demand stated
234:
One of the landed proprietors ruined by the expansion of the clan described the rise of the clan at the end of the 1970s: “A few years ago
Vincenzo Mammoliti used to earn a paltry amount from his dishonest dealings as a watchman in the citrus orchards. Now he travels around in de luxe cars, he has
280:
When the kidnappers finally reduced their demands to $ 3 million, Getty agreed to pay no more than $ 2.2 million (equivalent to $ 15.1 million in 2023), the maximum that would be tax-deductible. He lent his son the remaining $ 800,000 at four percent interest. Getty's grandson was
317:
The case made the national and international headlines in the summer of 1994 when the
Finance Ministry threatened to confiscate the property for not paying taxes on the land (whose products her family had not enjoyed since the 1960s). was the resistance of the baroness Cardopatri resisted the
261:. Nine men eventually were arrested. Two were convicted and sent to prison. The others, including Piromalli and the Mammoliti brothers, were acquitted for lack of evidence. However, Saverio Mammoliti, a fugitive at the time, was convicted for drug trafficking.
292:
The ransom money was invested in the trucks with which the 'Ndrangheta won all the transportation contracts for the container port of Gioia Tauro. After he decided to collaborate with
Italian justice, Mammoliti confessed to have been involved in the kidnap.
793:
264:
The ransom initially demanded was $ 17 million (equivalent to $ 117 million in 2023) for his safe return. However, the family suspected a ploy by the rebellious teenager to extract money from his miserly grandfather.
338:
for extortion and other Mafia-related charges. During the trials, the baroness denounced the relations between the
Mammolitis and the local judiciary and politicians, such as the parliamentary leader of the far-right
310:
property in 1990, he was unable to pick the olives because local labourers systematically turned down his offers of employment, afraid of offending the
Mammolitis. After his murder in July 1991, his sister
301:
The Mammoliti clan also 'persuaded' local landowners to sell them their lands at giveaway prices, or to rent it to them for next to nothing - or the clan simply fenced it in and treated it as its own.
151:. The clan is considered to be one of the more powerful in the area, and is closely linked to the Rugolo clan through intermarriage. They are often referred to as the
808:
838:
586:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
1324:
984:
647:
548:
277:"This is Paul's ear. If we don't get some money within 10 days, then the other ear will arrive. In other words, he will arrive in little bits."
1415:
823:
871:
214:. Blood relatives represented the interests in the city council of their area of interest. The Mammoliti-Rugolo clan is closely linked to the
1371:
1285:
505:
322:. Cardopatri was granted an extension to pay her taxes and the decade-long territorial expansion of the Mammoliti family began to be halted.
621:
388:. Nevertheless, he received another 20 years sentence for his role in the Oppidio feud between rival clans over the control of the area.
176:
957:
943:
924:
244:
606:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
1091:
759:
384:, son of Francesco, received life sentence in 1995, and in 2003, decided to collaborate with the Italian justice and became a
719:
433:
1228:
977:
613:
593:
679:
347:
273:
for the money, but was refused, arguing that his 13 other grandchildren could also become kidnap targets if he paid.
257:. Police considered Saverio Mammoliti to be "very close to the brain, or rather brains, behind the plot," including
1275:
1307:
339:
202:, after serving 26 years in prison for the murder of Francesco Mammoliti in 1954. Francesco's sons, Vincenzo and
530:
1394:
1301:
1075:
970:
219:
657:
168:
1254:
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235:
bought up factories and land, and people say he has accumulated a fortune worth hundreds of millions .”
211:
188:
180:
1174:
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311:
187:, the brother of Francesco, was killed with 31 gunshots. Again Vincenzo was acquitted, but his brother
184:
172:
1356:
1259:
1244:
1199:
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1420:
1389:
1334:
1204:
1154:
1144:
1070:
652:
563:
286:
266:
250:
1159:
900:"Rizziconi (Reggio Calabria) si dimette il sindaco Girolamo Michele Bello, si va a nuove elezioni"
1346:
258:
1211:
1169:
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1139:
371:
367:
164:
136:
856:
604:
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886:
778:
434:
Esposizione introduttiva del Pubblico ministero nel processo nei confronti di Giulio Andreotti
377:
203:
445:
Male heir born to Mammoliti, Il Giornale di Calabria, January 19, 1979, quoted in: Arlacchi,
1194:
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140:
115:
763:
319:
1057:
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120:
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1329:
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756:
270:
183:, who was acquitted by the court because of insufficient proof. On January 19, 1955,
163:
In the 1950s the Mammoliti clan was involved in a bloody feud in Castellace with the
90:
1048:
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1009:
709:
381:
363:
144:
62:
36:
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1080:
249:
Saverio and Vincenzo Mammoliti were two of the men charged with the kidnap of
132:
94:
687:
98:
1104:
1099:
1027:
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40:
1366:
1065:
1022:
962:
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714:
385:
318:
confiscation and she started a hunger strike outside the law courts in
199:
198:. The feud lingered on until 1978, when Domenico Barbaro was killed in
194:
In the end the Mammoliti clan prevailed and the Barbaro clan moved to
282:
314:
attempted to continue, but she too faced insurmountable problems.
210:
took over the command of the clan seconded by their other brother
179:
and some others, an attack that was attributed to Francesco's son
128:
70:
66:
44:
1109:
254:
966:
549:
Mammoliti, nella cupola calabrese con i volantini del ministro
887:
Faida di Oppido, Saro Mammoliti condannato a 20 di reclusione
917:
Mafia Business. The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
857:
Un tornado la notizia del pentimento di “don” Saro Mammoliti
175:. On November 7, 1954, the Mammolitis retaliated and killed
564:
J. Paul Getty III, 54, Dies; Had Ear Cut Off by Captors
872:
Si è pentito Saro Mammoliti padrino della 'ndrangheta
642:
640:
638:
1343:
1317:
1294:
1272:
1237:
1221:
1132:
1123:
1089:
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1000:
757:
Mammoliti: Anch’io responsabile del sequestro Getty
86:
76:
58:
50:
32:
24:
950:Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style
656:. London, England. April 17, 2003. Archived from
686:. London, England. June 13, 2001. Archived from
436:, Direzione Distrettuale Antimafia Palermo, 1994
574:
572:
932:Gratteri, Nicola & Antonio Nicaso (2006).
559:
557:
978:
809:Gioia Tauro, arrestato il capocosca Mammoliti
8:
849:
847:
789:
787:
370:, murdered in 1954 during the feud with the
346:, and the former minister of Education, the
123:, a criminal and mafia-type organisation in
19:
952:, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press
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985:
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167:. In October 1954, the head of the clan,
779:Il padrino: non ho commesso quei delitti
551:, Corriere della Sera, September 2, 1992
841:, Corriere della Sera, January 12, 1995
622:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
404:
281:found alive on December 15, 1973, in a
1325:Toxic waste dumping by the 'Ndrangheta
794:Olive groves land a mafia boss in jail
566:, The New York Times, February 7, 2011
18:
620:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
426:
424:
114:
7:
938:, Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore
796:, The Independent, September 2, 1992
781:, Gazetta del Sud, February 16, 2004
766:, Antimafia Duemila, January 9, 2004
533:, The Independent, February 25, 1996
874:, Corriere della Sera, May 18, 2003
722:from the original on March 30, 2014
1372:List of victims of the 'Ndrangheta
1286:List of members of the 'Ndrangheta
919:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
826:, La Repubblica, September 1, 1992
362:Francesco Mammoliti (1901-1954) —
14:
680:"Profile: Sir John Paul Getty II"
508:, Time Magazine, January 28, 1974
391:Domenico Rugolo (1935) — Former
245:Kidnapping of John Paul Getty III
1047:
889:, Gazetta del Sud, April 9, 2008
824:In manette il clan dei Mammoliti
859:, Gazzetta del Sud, May 1, 2003
1:
1416:1930s establishments in Italy
811:, La Repubblica, June 2, 1992
718:(in Italian). July 10, 2013.
710:"Il rapimento di Paul Getty"
614:American Antiquarian Society
594:American Antiquarian Society
378:Saverio "Don Saro" Mammoliti
147:in southern Calabria on the
119:) is a powerful clan of the
648:"Sir Paul Getty (obituary)"
326:Peace among the olive trees
1437:
242:
191:was convicted for murder.
159:Feud with the Barbaro clan
1380:
1045:
1395:Organized crime in Italy
1058:Organizational structure
285:filling station, in the
948:Paoli, Letizia (2003).
915:Arlacchi, Pino (1988).
414:Gratteri & Nicaso,
1308:Second 'Ndrangheta war
506:Catching the Kidnapers
395:boss arrested in 2007.
297:Local land acquisition
112:Italian pronunciation:
33:Founding location
1302:First 'Ndrangheta war
253:on July 10, 1973, in
116:[mammoˈliːti]
16:Criminal organization
1357:Antimafia Commission
690:on February 18, 2007
1335:Port of Gioia Tauro
1071:Camera di Controllo
653:The Daily Telegraph
287:province of Potenza
267:John Paul Getty Jr.
251:John Paul Getty III
226:Criminal enterprise
169:Francesco Mammoliti
87:Criminal activities
21:
935:Fratelli di Sangue
839:Il caso Cordopatri
762:2011-01-08 at the
478:Mafia Brotherhoods
460:Mafia Brotherhoods
416:Fratelli di Sangue
348:Christian Democrat
344:Raffaele Valensise
259:Girolamo Piromalli
212:Antonino Mammoliti
189:Antonino Mammoliti
181:Vincenzo Mammoliti
1403:
1402:
1362:Ammazzateci tutti
1268:
1267:
660:on March 26, 2009
340:National Alliance
312:Teresa Cordopatri
269:asked his father
220:Mazzafero 'ndrina
216:Piromalli 'ndrina
177:Francesco Barbaro
108:Mammoliti 'ndrina
104:
103:
51:Years active
20:Mammoliti 'ndrina
1428:
1390:'Ndrine Template
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1229:Honoured Society
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185:Giovanni Barbaro
173:Domenico Barbaro
171:, was killed by
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149:Tyrrhenian coast
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141:Oppido Mamertina
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1212:List of 'ndrine
1210:for others see
1133:Italy/Worldwide
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902:. Melitoonline.
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531:Woman of honour
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332:Salvatore Boemi
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801:
776:(in Italian)
771:
754:(in Italian)
749:
741:
736:
724:. Retrieved
713:
704:
692:. Retrieved
688:the original
683:
674:
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
651:
627:February 29,
625:. Retrieved
605:
585:
546:(in Italian)
490:
485:
477:
459:
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431:(in Italian)
415:
412:(in Italian)
407:
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336:
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316:
308:
300:
291:
279:
275:
263:
248:
239:Getty kidnap
233:
229:
205:
193:
162:
152:
135:is based in
107:
105:
91:Racketeering
1344:Antimafia (
1310:(1985–1991)
1304:(1974–1977)
1019:Trequartino
1015:Capobastone
1010:Capocrimine
994:'Ndrangheta
598:1700–1799:
578:1634–1699:
382:Capobastone
364:Capobastone
145:Gioia Tauro
121:'Ndrangheta
63:Gioia Tauro
37:Gioia Tauro
1410:Categories
1175:Mazzaferro
1165:De Stefano
1090:Codes and
1035:Camorrista
1023:Vangelista
910:References
740:Arlacchi,
489:Arlacchi,
368:Castellace
357:Membership
137:Castellace
95:kidnapping
81:Calabrians
65:plain and
1273:Members (
1222:Australia
1200:Piromalli
1180:Mammoliti
1039:Picciotto
1032:Sgarrista
694:March 30,
664:March 30,
380:(1942) —
208:Mammoliti
99:extortion
77:Ethnicity
59:Territory
1385:See also
1347:Category
1276:Category
1255:Musitano
1205:Serraino
1155:Commisso
1145:Bellocco
1100:Made man
1028:Santista
760:Archived
726:July 10,
720:Archived
684:BBC News
603:(1992).
583:(1997).
493:, p. 111
480:, p. 154
462:, p. 201
449:, p. 111
418:, p. 165
218:and the
204:Saverio
125:Calabria
41:Calabria
1421:'Ndrine
1367:Pentito
1318:Related
1260:Papalia
1245:Luppino
1185:Papalia
1170:Mancuso
1150:Cataldo
1140:Barbaro
1125:'Ndrine
1081:'Ndrina
1066:Crimine
744:, p. 87
715:Il Post
476:Paoli,
458:Paoli,
386:pentito
200:Perugia
133:'ndrina
39:plain,
25:Founded
1238:Canada
1105:Omertà
1076:Locale
956:
942:
923:
393:acting
330:Judge
283:Lauria
155:clan.
131:. The
1195:Pesce
1190:Pelle
1160:Cordì
1115:Pizzo
1110:Faida
1092:Terms
1002:Ranks
610:(PDF)
590:(PDF)
400:Notes
366:from
196:Platì
129:Italy
71:Italy
67:Milan
45:Italy
28:1930s
1295:Wars
954:ISBN
940:ISBN
921:ISBN
728:2014
696:2018
666:2018
629:2024
255:Rome
206:Saro
139:and
106:The
97:and
69:in
1412::
846:^
786:^
712:.
682:.
650:.
637:^
612:.
592:.
571:^
556:^
538:^
513:^
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467:^
423:^
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342:,
222:.
127:,
93:,
43:,
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979:t
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730:.
698:.
668:.
631:.
616:.
596:.
374:.
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