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Another example is the adage, "Just because a woman can make a baby in nine months, it does not follow that nine women can make a baby in one month." This adage is often cited in systems development to justify the belief that adding more staff to a project does not guarantee it will get done quicker.
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relationship between the number of workers doing a given task and the amount of time it takes them to complete it. Some tasks cannot be done by less than a required minimum number of workers (e.g. lifting heavy loads) or they will be done with drastically better efficiency if the workforce exceeds a
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This is, of course, only appropriate to certain types of activities. It is of most use when considering 'piece-work', where the activity being managed consists of discrete activities having simple dependencies, and where other factors can be neglected. Therefore, adding another person to a packaging
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Man-hours exclude the breaks that people generally require from work, e.g. for rest, eating, and other bodily functions. They count only pure labor. Managers count the man-hours and add break time to estimate the amount of time a task will actually take to complete. Thus, while one college course's
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In reality, other factors intervene to complicate this model. If some elements of the task have a natural timespan, adding more staff will have a reduced effect: although having two chefs will double the speed of some elements of food preparation, they roast a chicken no faster than one chef. Some
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The concept of productive system hours (PSH) has been used in forestry in
Austria and by extension to other work. It includes time for breaks and can be used to calculate how long it may take to complete a task, including required recovery times from physically strenuous work, as well as legally
78:. It is used for estimation of the total amount of uninterrupted labor required to perform a task. For example, researching and writing a college paper might require eighty man-hours, while preparing a family banquet from scratch might require ten man-hours.
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the number of man-hours by the number of workers available. For example, if a task takes 20 man-hours to complete then a team of 2 people will complete it in 10 hours of work, while a team of 5 people will complete it in 4 hours.
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written paper might require twenty man-hours to carry out, it almost certainly will not get done in twenty consecutive hours. Its progress will be interrupted by work for other courses, meals, sleep, and other human necessities.
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noted, is that organization, training, and co-ordination activities could more than outweigh the potential benefits of adding extra staff to work on a task, especially if considered only over a shorter time period.
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tasks also have a natural number of staff associated with them: the time to chop the vegetables will be halved with the addition of the second chef, but the time to carve the chicken will remain the same.
172:. It is the amount of work performed by an average worker during one day, week, month, or year, respectively. The number of hours worked by an individual during a year varies greatly according to
504:(Solicitation Number 05-0002-02: Support Services for the Office of Naval Research for the Legislative Affairs Office (United States Navy Office of Naval Research: Arlington, Virginia, USA, 2004)
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The advantage of the man-hour concept is that it can be used to estimate the impact of staff changes on the amount of time required for a task, which can done by
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More details in the paper "Influence of
Terrain Conditions and Thinning Regimes on Productivity of a Track-Based Steep Slope Harvester".
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team will increase the output of that team in a predictable manner. In transport industry, this concept is superseded by
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128:. In other cases an excessive number of workers might get in each other's way, reducing efficiency and the per person
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https://web.archive.org/web/20060722155057/http://www.onr.navy.mil/02/matoc/05_09/solicitations/docs/05-0002-02.pdf
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Report 5, International
Federation Of Professional And Technical Engineers Local 32: San Diego, California, 2000
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required breaks or other human interactions. If it includes 15-minute breaks, it is written as (PSH15).
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381:. Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2009. p. 269.
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countries in 2007, for example, ranged from a minimum of 1,389 hours (in the
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Unit for the amount of work performed by the average worker in one hour
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285:"Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"
511:(counting 311 "Non-available/Nonproductive" man-hours)
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OECD Employment
Outlook 2009, Tackling The Jobs Crisis
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A related concept is productive machine hours (PMH).
409:Official data up to 2005 in spreadsheet format.
8:
487:A Selection from Frederick Taylor's Essays
258:– classic book on software engineering by
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472:The Principles of Scientific Management
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74:performed by the average worker in one
450:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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310:"Person-hour definition - Dictionary"
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507:Man-year defined as 2087 man-hours:
139:Another problem with this model, as
188:) to a maximum of 2,316 hours (in
30:For the epidemiology concept, see
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500:Man-year defined as 2000 hours:
407:Swivel.com also publishes the
1:
107:for better costing accuracy.
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483:, F.W.Taylor, 1911, online
219:Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.
132:of the individual worker.
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152:The similar concept of a
475:F.W.Taylor, 1911, online
224:Frederick Winslow Taylor
196:Productive system hours
126:minimum efficient scale
86:Real-world applications
255:The Mythical Man-Month
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265:Time and motion study
244:Scientific management
117:diseconomies of scale
46:in the United States
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535:Personnel economics
119:further lead to a
113:Economies of scale
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388:978-92-64-06791-2
168:is used on large
70:is the amount of
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44:worked per week
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239:Productivity
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130:productivity
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260:Fred Brooks
214:Henry Gantt
190:South Korea
186:Netherlands
141:Fred Brooks
55:, money is
42:Human-hours
32:Person-time
519:Categories
437:2013-01-04
402:2009-09-22
359:2006-12-25
349:"SFAF.org"
295:2010-04-13
271:References
121:non-linear
105:tonne-mile
68:human-hour
540:Durations
178:economics
162:man-month
489:, online
446:cite web
208:See also
170:projects
166:man-year
158:man-week
92:dividing
64:man-hour
18:Man-year
464:Sources
315:Encarta
154:man-day
385:
57:demand
53:supply
530:Labor
431:(PDF)
424:(PDF)
396:(PDF)
379:(PDF)
164:, or
49:Labor
525:Work
452:link
383:ISBN
182:OECD
176:and
115:and
103:and
76:hour
72:work
320:MSN
192:).
66:or
51:is
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