239:. Azcárate became a member of the PCE executive committee in 1964. From 1968 to 1981 Azcárate was head of the party's Department of International relations. He had to deal with the awkward question of peaceful coexistence with non-communist regimes, which the Soviet Union considered to be advantageous to socialist countries by helping anti-imperialist movements while avoid the risk of war. The PCE could not, however, accept that this meant abandoning the struggle against Franco's regime in Spain. In 1973 Azcárate praised the contribution the USSR had made towards
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to introduce democracy into the PCE, which took effect after he had been expelled. In
November 1981 Azcárate was among the group of PCE leaders who were expelled from the Central Committee of the party for their criticism of Carrillo's policy of sanctions. Carrillo himself was forced to resign after
270:
In any case we already have a number of major US bases on our territory, and we have an agreement with the US covering military matters. The
Spanish Communist Party does not question either—we accept them. We propose to do nothing to weaken America's strategic position. We do not want to change the
172:
Manuel Azcárate said "In spite of the serious discussions and differences between us, he always respected the choice I had made to join the
Communist party in 1934." Another source says that Manuel Azcárate always had "great political influence" on his father, who "always collaborated closely with
189:
in
January 1939 Azcárate was sent to Madrid to help the propaganda campaign. He wrote later, "War weariness was written in the emaciated faces. The mood had become dark, sad and tragic. There was a generalized anti-communist resentment because many believed the communists to be responsible for the
271:
existing balance between the United States and the Soviet Union. ... NATO has created a zone of security in
Western Europe which shields those countries which are not members of the alliance. We therefore enjoy indirect protection against Soviet intervention. This is a positive fact about NATO.
197:
between Russia and
Germany in August 1939 just before the outbreak of World War II. They moved to Mexico or the Soviet Union, safer countries that supported the Republic. Azcárate remained behind with the younger and lower-ranking PCE exiles in France, and in the summer of 1939 helped
243:, but said the PCE must fight all attempts to confuse détente with maintenance of the status quo, "wherever they may come from, even from our friends." The communist parties of Western Europe must cooperate to develop détente and eliminate the "systems of blocs".
144:
and later
Spanish ambassador in London. During Manuel's childhood his father was based in Geneva, where Manuel was educated at an elite school, the Free Institution of Education. When he was 18 Manuel Azcárate attended courses at the
1008:
202:
form the "Delegation of the PCE Central
Committee in France", along with Carmen de Pedro, Manuel Gimeno and Jaime Nieto. They reorganized and rejuvenated the PCE in France, improvising policy as needed. During
181:
Azcárate married Ester Jiménez, who was depicted on a UGT poster during the civil war holding a work tool. They had two children, a girl and a boy. Azcárate fought in the
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in the early 1980s as a columnist and analyst for the international section. In his last days he composed an essay of more than fifty pages on his father (
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235:. He lived in Moscow from 1959 to 1964, where he helped write a history of the Communist Party of Spain and contributed to the book
207:(1939–45) Azcárate was in charge of organizing the Communist Party of Spain in the zone occupied by the Germans, and reorganized the
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lay outside the two blocs, a position that the French and
Italian communist parties did not share. In a March 1979 interview in
254:
in 1977 in the first general elections after the return to democracy, but did not win. Azcárate said in a 1977 statement to
168:
and Luis Sendín became members. Azcárate joined the
Communist Youth in 1934. Writing in the preface to his father's book
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185:(1936–39) with the 11th division of the Republican army from 1937 to the end of the war. After the
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At the end of the war Azcárate went into exile in Paris. The PCE leadership left France after the
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Las Brigadas Internacionales: Nuevas perspectivas en la historia de la Guerra Civil y del exilio
199:
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Manuel Azcárate Diz died from cancer on 24 August 1998 in a clinic in Madrid at the age of 81.
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Détente in Cold War Europe: Politics and Diplomacy in the Mediterranean and the Middle East
107:(7 October 1916 – 24 August 1998) was a Spanish journalist, politician and a leader of the
425:. By Schaff, Adam (in French). Paris: Éditions Anthropos, impr. J. Enfer. p. 228.
397:(in Spanish). Marc Abeles, Charles-Albert Ryng, interviews. Barcelona: Ediciones 2001.
982:
378:. Collection Dialectiques interventions (in French). Paris: F. Maspero. p. 138.
259:
374:
Azcárate, Manuel; Fernando Claudin (1979). Marc Abeles; Charles-Albert Ryng (eds.).
246:
Azcárate returned to Spain in 1976. On 22 December 1976 he was arrested along with
204:
150:
503:. Colección Andanzas (in Spanish) (2 ed.). Barcelona: Tusquets. p. 357.
124:
Manuel Azcárate Diz was born in Madrid on 7 October 1916. He was grand-nephew of
338:. By Azcárate, Pablo de (in Spanish). Barcelona: Editorial Ariel. p. 402.
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Luchas y transiciones : Memorias de un viaje por el ocaso del comunismo
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Derrotas y esperanzas. La República, la Guerra Civil y la Resistencia
444:. Primera plana (in Spanish). Barcelona: Argos Vergara. p. 345.
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and other PCE members. Azcárate ran for election as a deputy for the
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697:
695:
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Calandri, Elena; Varsori, Antonio; Caviglia, Daniele (2014-11-26).
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Cortezo, Jaime; Manuel Azcárate; Miguel Boyer; et al. (1976).
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The PCE created the Union of Communist Students in 1933. Azcárate,
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La gauche, le pouvoir, le socialisme: hommage à Nicos Poulantzas
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the 1982 elections. Azcárate began working for the newspaper
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Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
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The Forces of Freedom in Spain 1974–1979: A Personal Account
309:
Historia del Partido Comunista de España (versión abreviada)
136:, a liberal Republican senator in the 1930s. His father was
942:
Comrades and Brothers: Communism and Trade Unions in Europe
111:(Partido Comunista de España, PCE) in the 1960s and 1970s.
463:; Michel Beaud; (1983). Christine Buci-Glucksmann (ed.).
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Waller, Michael; Courtois, Stéphane; Lazar, Marc (1991).
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Sánchez Cervelló, Josep; Agudo, Sebastián (2015-04-23).
320:. Non Green, translator. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
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The Spanish Civil War: Revolution and Counterrevolution
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Mi embajada en Londres durante la Guerra Civil Espanola
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Mi embajada en Londres durante la guerra civil española
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153:. In 1933 he began to study law and economics at the
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467:. Politiques (in French). Paris: PUF. p. 376.
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327:Programas económicos en la alternatíva democrática
288:Semblanza de Pablo de Azcárate y Flórez, 1890–1971
423:Le Mouvement communiste à la croisée des chemins
827:"Manuel Azcárate muere en Madrid a los 81 años"
275:Azcárate led a project by the group called the
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898:. Publicacions Universitat Rovira I Virgili.
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311:(in Spanish). Warsaw: Ediciones "Polonia".
215:Post-war politics and journalism (1945–98)
29:
18:
974:Manuel Azcárate, "What is Eurocommunism?"
865:Ribeiro De Meneses, Filipe (2003-09-02).
16:Spanish writer and politician (1916-1998)
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494:(in Spanish). Madrid: Ediciones El País.
348:Guerra y revolución en España: 1936–1939
316:Sandoval, José; Manuel Azcárate (1963).
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307:; Manuel Azcarate; et al. (1960).
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357:El Encuentro: diálogo sobre el diálogo
329:(in Spanish). Barcelona: Anagram , DL.
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675:Calandri, Varsori & Caviglia 2014
663:Calandri, Varsori & Caviglia 2014
651:Calandri, Varsori & Caviglia 2014
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211:(Juventudes Socialistas Unificadas).
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1004:Communist Party of Spain politicians
921:"En recuerdo de Manuel Azcárate Diz"
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459:Azcarate, Manuel; Étienne Balibar;
421:Azcárate, Manuel (1982). preface.
376:L'Europe de l'Atlantique à l'Oural
334:Azcárate, Manuel (1976). preface.
140:, deputy secretary general at the
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702:Waller, Courtois & Lazar 1991
639:Sánchez Cervelló & Agudo 2015
564:Manuel Azcárate muere ... El País
177:Civil War and World War (1936–45)
868:Franco and the Spanish Civil War
833:(in Spanish). Madrid. 1998-08-25
751:. Univ of North Carolina Press.
845:Ortiz, Javier (November 2000).
404:Vías democráticas al socialismo
395:Interrogantes ante la izquierda
359:. Editorial Laia. p. 103.
522:(in Spanish). Madrid: El País.
221:El diario de la juventud junto
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237:Guerra y revolución en España
120:Birth and education (1916–36)
919:Segura, Julio (1998-09-09).
721:The Communist Party in Spain
718:Alba, Víctor (1983-01-01).
442:La crisis del eurocomunismo
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745:Bolloten, Burnett (1991).
724:. Transaction Publishers.
346:; Manuel Azcárate (1977).
231:, and for the clandestine
147:London School of Economics
799:Eaton, Samuel D. (1981).
518:Azcárate, Manuel (1998).
499:Azcárate, Manuel (1994).
490:Azcárate, Manuel (1986).
440:Azcárate, Manuel (1982).
402:Azcárate, Manuel (1981).
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355:Azcárate, Manuel (1977).
149:, where he met professor
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132:to Spain, and nephew of
109:Communist Party of Spain
615:Ribeiro De Meneses 2003
461:Blandine Barret-Kriegel
209:Unified Socialist Youth
195:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
406:. Ayuso. p. 299.
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126:Gumersindo de Azcárate
98:Communist party leader
90:Journalist, politician
190:war's prolongation."
945:. Psychology Press.
927:(in Spanish). Madrid
492:La izquierda europea
166:Manuel Tuñón de Lara
155:University of Madrid
290:), dated May 1998.
219:Azcárate wrote for
134:Justino de Azcárate
105:Manuel Azcárate Diz
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413:978-84-336-0193-3
366:978-84-7222-878-8
344:Ibárruri, Dolores
305:Ibárruri, Dolores
256:Radio Free Europe
248:Santiago Carrillo
187:fall of Barcelona
183:Spanish Civil War
142:League of Nations
138:Pablo de Azcárate
128:, who introduced
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837:2015-11-29
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737:2015-11-29
687:Eaton 1981
627:Ortiz 2000
258:that only
44:1916-10-07
591:Alba 1983
483:0398-7922
264:Encounter
130:Krausism
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