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780:(Intensive Husbandry Practices): believing "that farm animals are creatures of intrinsic value, complexity and dignity" and that "the billions of animals raised each year in the United States for food, clothing, and other products are entitled to live their lives free of unnecessary pain, suffering and stress, as well as to a humane death", the society condemns many practices associated with factory farming while accepting the responsible and appropriate use of
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million building campaign to improve the Boston facility. The renovation was completed in 2005. The refurnished Boston facility also includes the Helen
Schmidt Stanton Clinical Care Center and the Copeland Animal Care and Adoption Center. Also among Angell's equipment is a high speed CT unit offering multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT, or multi-slice CT). This machine enables 3D reconstructions of images for accurate diagnoses and better treatment.
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As of 2012, the MSPCA-Angell operates three Animal Care and
Adoption Centers: Boston, Nevins Farm and Equine Center (Methuen), and Cape Cod. It also operates Angell Animal Medical Center in Boston and, since 2014, MSPCA-Angell West in Waltham, both 24/7 emergency facilities. Together these facilities
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equipment, with a state-of-the-art, high-speed updated machine installed in
November 2014 to replace the original Angell MRI. The original Angell MRI was the first MRI located within a veterinary hospital in New England and the second available in the United States. This equipment was part of a $ 28
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in the United States. "MSPCA-Angell" was adopted as the society's identity in 2003, and indicates the names of its two closely related predecessor organizations: Massachusetts
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Angell Animal Medical Center (formerly known as Angell Memorial Animal
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Each year, the MSPCA-Angell's veterinary hospital locations welcome over 100,000 patient visits. These locations include MSPCA-Angell
Clinics in Boston, Methuen and Centreville, Massachusetts for low-income clients as well as the MSPCA-Angell West in Waltham, Massachusetts and Angell Animal Medical
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were improved through the direct involvement of the MSPCA, starting in 1982. In 1986, MSPCA-Angell launched the statewide subsidized Spay/Neuter
Assistance Program (SNAP) for low income pet owners who qualify. The MSPCA formed the Center for Laboratory Animal Welfare (CLAW) in 1992 and, in the
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The MSPCA and Angell
Memorial Animal Hospital moved into a shared facility at 350 South Huntington Avenue in 1976, which was the most extensive animal service center ever created by a humane society. An adoption center was established at this location as well.
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in 1945 until 2009, when ownership of the shelter was transferred to a local animal shelter. Also in 1945, Angell became the first veterinary hospital to institute 24-hour nursing and veterinary care. In 1950, the MSPCA opened an animal shelter and hospital on
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In 2013, advocacy efforts led to the passage of the Animal
Control Law – the most significant animal-related legislation in decades. Also that year, a unified Animal Behavior Program began with the Adoption Centers and Angell Animal Medical Center.
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Classroom
Animals: the society believe that animals should only be kept as classroom pets "if they are acquired for the purpose of educating students about the sentience of animals and the need for responsible, humane care"
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Hospital). The organization provides direct care to thousands of homeless, injured, and abused animals each year, and provides animal adoption, a veterinary hospital, advocacy, and humane law enforcement.
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438:, a leading expert on feline medicine, practised at Angell from 1950 to 1986. Together with Angell colleagues, Holzworth authored a number of pioneering studies of disorders affecting cats, including
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In 2014, the first canine total elbow replacement surgery was performed at Angell by Dr. Nick Trout and Sun Valley Animal Center’s Dr. Randy Acker, who designed and developed the TATE Elbow system.
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training program in 1940. In 1943, Angell was first to apply techniques of aseptic surgery to small animal medicine and surgery. The MSPCA assumed control of the Foote
Memorial Animal Shelter on
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416:, which was operated by the MSPCA until 2012, when Nantucket veterinarians purchased the hospital and opened it as the "Offshore Animal Hospital of Nantucket". Also in 1950, the
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751:: recognizing that the number of animals in shelter exceeds the number of responsible people available to adopt them, the society condones euthanasia but condemns the use of
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services events involving horses worldwide. In 1994, the society established Phinney's Friends, the first program run by a humane society to assist people with
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employ nearly 80 full-time veterinarians including board-certified specialists in fields such as 24/7 emergency and critical care, avian and exotic medicine,
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1973:
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514:, and Nevins Farm in Methuen launched the Equine Ambulance Program to offer emergency rescue and transport of disabled horses in New England and
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joined the MSPCA's Springfield location, but closed in 2007 due to economic circumstances. In 1935, the Cape Cod Animal Shelter was opened in
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unless such institutions meet "rigid criteria, without which there is insufficient justification for their existence"
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MSPCA-Angell takes a strong stand on a number of animal-related issues and is influential in creating animal-related
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686:: the society advocates that it is critical that the needs both the animals and the people they assist are met
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665:: the society is "unequivocally opposed" to setting one animal against a person or other animal as is done in
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1075:"150th anniversary of veterinary education and the veterinary profession in North America: part 2, 1940–1970"
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Angell at 100: A Century of Compassionate Care for Animals and their Families at Angell Animal Medical Center
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following year, established the Animal Disaster Relief Fund to aid in animal protection and rescue globally.
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is neither a minor procedure nor a painless one and therefore opposes it being done for non-medical reasons
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Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals-Angell Animal Medical Center (MSPCA-Angell)
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unit in 1959 that was the first of its kind. In 1962, the MSPCA and ISPA began work to improve inhumane
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in horses and any "surgery done on animals solely for cosmetic reasons or to disguise an imperfection"
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succeeded George T. Angell as President in 1910. He held this position until his retirement in 1945.
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Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (MSPCA). Among distinguished locals on the first
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Center in Boston which both provide 24 x 7 emergency service, specialty care and primary care.
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1980:
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647:: a comprehensive category of concern which includes advocacy for the prevention of animal
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neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1868, and is the second-oldest
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The MSPCA has a Law Enforcement Department and organizes the annual Walk for Animals on
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651:, proper leashing and humane confinement of animals, responsible standards for animal
432:). In 1959, MSPCA President Dr. Eric Hansen was elected first president of the ISPA.
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and animal lover who provided financial support, and they and 1,200 others formed the
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to death by carrying two riders each over forty miles of rough roads. He joined with
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395:, now part of MSPCA-Angell. The following year, an MSPCA animal shelter opened in
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and believes that these laws are not an effective way to control dangerous dogs
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began a high-profile protest of animal cruelty in 1868, after reading about two
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in Massachusetts. Among the areas in which MSPCA-Angell takes a position are:
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passed the first anti-animal-cruelty act in Massachusetts the following year.
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In 1927, the society formed the American Fondouk Maintenance Committee in
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of 200,000 copies. Influenced by the activities of this organization, the
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771:
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known as the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital was established on Boston's
374:. Shelter for small animals was added to the Methuen facility in 1924.
326:
In 1886, the society's first official headquarters were dedicated at 19
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and their pets. The Shalit-Glazer Clinic was formed in 1996 to provide
311:
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for animals. The same year, the MSPCA Archives Library was dedicated.
533:
In 1997, Angell established the Cancer Care Center to provide on-site
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491:
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245:
403:. The Angell Memorial Animal Hospital launched the first veterinary
1869:
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871:
851:
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338:, in 1914. It closed in 2009 due to economic factors. In 1915, a
705:
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811:
527:
37:
18:
Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
996:. (1961). New York: James T. White & Company. pp. 206-207
882:. The MSPCA-Angell also takes a relatively negative view of
893:
In 2007, the MSPCA-Angell led a successful campaign for the
1339:
387:, and opened a center there two years later. In 1929, an
186:
1435:
Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals
993:
The National Cyclopædia of American Biography, Volume 43
788:, selective breeding for desirable characteristics, and
3327:
Animal welfare organizations based in the United States
418:
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
830:
Other areas in which MSPCA-Angell has a position are
461:. In 1964, the MSPCA launched "Operation Gwamba" in
3223:
3136:
3028:
2990:
2914:
2729:
2558:
2549:
2184:
2013:
2004:
1923:
1637:
1589:
1498:
1382:
449:Angell Memorial Animal Hospital built a veterinary
426:
International Society for the Protection of Animals
181:
161:
153:
145:
1228:MSPCA-Angell Genetic Engineering/Animal Patenting
3209:List of international animal welfare conventions
2967:Dishes involving the consumption of live animals
987:
985:
1261:MSPCA-Angell Native and Exotic Wildlife as Pets
1032:"Dr Jean Holzworth, pioneer in feline medicine"
1006:Campbell, Karen (2015). "Breaking new ground".
1360:
961:
826:and are unnecessary for meeting human needs"
472:and was the largest such project in history.
346:. In 1917, the MSPCA established a permanent
8:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
510:In 1994, a new MSPCA facility was opened in
334:. The first MSPCA branch was established in
140:
366:. It is still the only open-door horse and
2555:
2010:
1795:International Society for Applied Ethology
1367:
1353:
1345:
1195:MSPCA-Angell Euthanasia of Shelter Animals
139:
1974:Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
1294:MSPCA-Angell Zoological Parks and Aquaria
1090:
1057:
1047:
968:, MSPCA-Angell, accessed August 13, 2014.
935:, MSPCA-Angell, accessed August 13, 2014.
581:, I-131 treatment for hyperthyroid cats,
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
3332:Veterinary medicine in the United States
3307:Non-profit organizations based in Boston
3149:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
1151:MSPCA-Angell Cosmetic Surgery in Animals
290:Also in 1868, they began publication of
1079:Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
979:The Humane Society of the United States
925:
1184:MSPCA-Angell Devocalization of Animals
1036:Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
64:Please improve this article by adding
2977:People associated with animal welfare
2937:Animal welfare and rights legislation
1825:Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research
7:
3322:Animal shelters in the United States
2957:Animal welfare and rights by country
1860:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
1805:List of animal welfare organizations
753:high-altitude decompression chambers
424:joined with the MSPCA to create the
221:with its main headquarters on South
3173:Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022
1010:. New York, NY: Lamprey & Lee.
905:agencies from operating in Boston.
3214:Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998
25:
1840:National Anti-Vivisection Society
612:Angell Animal Medical Center has
3244:
3243:
1566:Intrinsic value in animal ethics
1272:MSPCA-Angell Retail Sale of Pets
1073:Smith, Donald F. (Spring 2011).
737:: likewise, the society opposes
696:in Animals: the society opposes
502:in 1979. Conditions at Boston's
42:
3231:List of animal rights advocates
1162:MSPCA-Angell Dangerous Dog Laws
465:which saved 9,737 animals from
1650:Animal Defenders International
1506:Abnormal behaviours in animals
1140:MSPCA-Angell Classroom Animals
1129:MSPCA-Angell Assistance Animal
862:as pets and attempts at their
300:helped distribute their first
1:
3317:Organizations based in Boston
1835:National Animal Welfare Trust
1745:Farm Animal Welfare Committee
1670:Animal Welfare Board of India
1546:Ethics of uncertain sentience
915:Nevins Farm and Equine Center
749:Euthanasia of Shelter Animals
440:feline infectious peritonitis
66:secondary or tertiary sources
3197:Horse Protection Act of 1970
1780:Humane Slaughter Association
1775:Humane Society International
1206:MSPCA-Angell Factory Farming
1118:MSPCA-Angell Animal Fighting
878:, and the use of animals in
824:symbols of status and wealth
808:) for animal identification
659:of animals when appropriate
33:Massachusetts Humane Society
3179:Cruelty to Animals Act 1876
3108:Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo
1810:League Against Cruel Sports
1785:International Animal Rescue
1710:Compassion in World Farming
1173:MSPCA-Angell Declawing Cats
1107:MSPCA-Angell Animal Control
306:Massachusetts General Court
3348:
3167:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
3144:Animal testing regulations
1536:Compassionate conservation
1049:10.1016/j.jfms.2007.04.001
766:, unfiltered and uncooled
727:: the society states that
719:breed-specific legislation
614:magnetic resonance imaging
393:Centerville, Massachusetts
336:Springfield, Massachusetts
26:
3239:
3078:International Primate Day
2671:Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell
1460:Welfare of farmed insects
1327:MSPCA-Angell Renting Pets
814:: the society is against
735:Devocalization of Animals
397:Pittsfield, Massachusetts
2382:Alasdair Alpin MacGregor
1932:American Humane Magazine
1850:Party for Animal Welfare
1675:Animal Welfare Institute
1475:Feedback (pork industry)
1425:Intensive animal farming
933:"About the MSPCA-Angell"
530:of low-income families.
401:Berkshire Humane Society
298:Boston Police Department
3191:EU Directive 1999/74/EC
3185:EU Directive 2010/63/EU
3161:Animal Welfare Act 2006
3155:Animal Welfare Act 1999
3118:Surin Elephant Round-up
2922:Animal advocacy parties
2457:Thomas Bywater Smithies
2427:Maude Gillette Phillips
2417:Catherine Louisa Pirkis
2322:Catherine Victoria Hall
1910:World Animal Protection
1905:Wildlife Aid Foundation
1239:MSPCA-Angell Guard Dogs
1042:(4): 264. August 2007.
512:Brockton, Massachusetts
430:World Animal Protection
322:donated it to the MSPCA
249:George Thorndike Angell
219:non-profit organization
157:Non-profit organization
3093:Monkey Buffet Festival
2242:Gerard Lysley Derriman
1895:Toronto Humane Society
1561:Humane law enforcement
1521:Animal welfare science
1511:Animal psychopathology
745:of animals in general
717:: the society opposes
480:
358:, to care for retired
356:Methuen, Massachusetts
323:
207:
53:relies excessively on
3020:Tza'ar ba'alei chayim
2272:Agnes Estcourt-Oswald
2031:Matthew E. Bershadker
1988:The Animals' Guardian
1740:Eurogroup for Animals
1624:Pain in invertebrates
1531:Behavioral enrichment
1465:Wild animal suffering
1430:Intensive pig farming
607:preventative medicine
478:
314:
203:MSPCA-Angell sign on
202:
169:Boston, Massachusetts
3312:Veterinary hospitals
3113:Running of the bulls
2832:Francis Orpen Morris
2517:Caroline Earle White
2432:Samuel Jackson Pratt
2352:Velma Bronn Johnston
2222:Victoria Braithwaite
2101:Emily Patterson-Kane
2051:Judy MacArthur Clark
1665:Animal Aid Unlimited
1655:Animal Welfare Party
1541:Conservation welfare
1485:Ventilation shutdown
1316:Animal Law Coolation
1250:MSPCA-Angell Hunting
1092:10.3138/jvme.38.1.84
632:Statements of belief
277:John Quincy Adams II
205:South Huntington Ave
3274: /
3038:Blessing of animals
2872:William O. Stillman
2827:Basheer Ahmad Masri
2787:J. Morewood Dowsett
2782:Christian Adam Dann
2532:Alice Morgan Wright
2467:Ellin Prince Speyer
2282:Aida McAnn Flemming
2277:Edward G. Fairholme
2207:Madeleine Bemelmans
2061:Peter Ronald Davies
1915:World Horse Welfare
1820:Network for Animals
1700:Blue Cross of India
1614:Pain in crustaceans
1609:Pain in cephalopods
1576:Three Rs principles
1420:Eating live seafood
1415:Eating live animals
1410:Livestock dehorning
1283:MSPCA-Angell Rodeos
895:Boston City Council
856:wildlife management
832:genetic engineering
524:spay-neuter surgery
487:The MSPCA assisted
285:William Gordon Weld
142:
3278:42.3229°N 71.111°W
3103:Pushkar Camel Fair
2962:Cruelty to animals
2947:Animal sanctuaries
2887:D. G. M. Wood-Gush
2842:Siobhan O'Sullivan
2507:Christopher Wathes
2477:Elisabeth Svendsen
2452:Catherine Smithies
2307:Colesworthey Grant
2021:Michael C. Appleby
1855:People for Animals
1604:Pain in amphibians
1551:Ethical omnivorism
1305:DogBoston Magazine
842:to increase their
838:, the training of
715:Dangerous Dog Laws
684:Assistance Animals
571:diagnostic imaging
498:after eruption of
481:
324:
273:board of directors
208:
3257:
3256:
3088:Dog Meat Festival
3063:Gadhimai festival
2910:
2909:
2852:Francis H. Rowley
2847:Charles Reinhardt
2777:Stephen Coleridge
2636:Alistair Lawrence
2571:Jonathan Balcombe
2545:
2544:
2487:Ralph Waldo Trine
2472:Christine Stevens
2402:Lady Mount Temple
2332:Rachel Hirschfeld
2202:H. Baillie-Weaver
1939:Animal Protection
1815:Marine Connection
1480:Foam depopulation
1405:Cormorant culling
1217:MSPCA-Angell Furs
1017:978-1-00-015467-2
868:commercialization
858:, the capture of
854:or as a tool for
774:for this purpose
597:, pain medicine,
579:internal medicine
535:radiation therapy
504:Franklin Park Zoo
467:hydroelectric dam
409:Martha's Vineyard
378:Francis H. Rowley
370:rescue center in
340:veterinary clinic
332:Downtown Crossing
281:Henry Saltonstall
223:Huntington Avenue
197:
196:
138:
137:
130:
112:
16:(Redirected from
3339:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:42.3229; -71.111
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3247:
3246:
3203:Hunting Act 2004
3128:World Animal Day
3053:Combat de Reines
2942:Animal sacrifice
2857:W. M. S. Russell
2837:George Nicholson
2737:George T. Angell
2681:Susan J. Pearson
2581:Geoffrey Barstow
2556:
2522:Emily Williamson
2377:Victoria Lidiard
2327:Edward Hemingway
2312:George Greenwood
2252:Marjorie Doggett
2176:Tina M. Widowski
2151:Adolfo Sansolini
2026:Cynthia Bathurst
2011:
1981:Our Dumb Animals
1592:nonhuman animals
1470:Wildlife farming
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782:electric fencing
764:paralytic agents
694:Cosmetic Surgery
575:nuclear medicine
500:Mount St. Helens
479:MSPCA logo, 1921
293:Our Dumb Animals
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2646:Jeremy Marchant
2641:David Macdonald
2631:Barbara J. King
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2397:Shirley McGreal
2292:Basil Goldstone
2262:Alice Drakoules
2192:Gertrude Ansell
2180:
2116:Christine Nicol
2006:
2000:
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1875:RSPCA Australia
1705:Cats Protection
1660:American Humane
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1599:Pain in animals
1591:
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1581:Welfare biology
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778:Factory Farming
768:carbon monoxide
663:Animal Fighting
634:
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489:law enforcement
455:slaughterhouses
444:hyperthyroidism
399:, now known as
389:animal hospital
364:working animals
344:Longwood Avenue
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1334:External links
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725:Declawing Cats
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691:
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660:
649:overpopulation
645:Animal Control
633:
630:
555:anesthesiology
549:
546:
451:intensive care
436:Jean Holzworth
348:animal shelter
320:Harriet Nevins
261:Emily Appleton
243:Boston Brahmin
239:
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231:humane society
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1526:Anthrozoology
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459:Latin America
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79: –
78:
74:
73:Find sources:
67:
61:
60:
56:
51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
34:
30:
19:
3302:MSPCA-Angell
3259:
2792:Audrey Eyton
2747:Beddow Bayly
2711:Paul Shapiro
2676:Clare Palmer
2656:Daniel Mills
2651:Jeff McMahan
2616:Celia Haddon
2606:Jane Goodall
2591:Donald Broom
2559:Contemporary
2497:Ethel Venton
2492:Sidney Trist
2462:Herbert Snow
2362:Titus Lander
2357:Albert Knapp
2347:John A. Hoyt
2317:Peter Gurney
2302:Robert Gower
2247:Maria Dickin
2237:Brian Davies
2166:Patti Strand
2141:Naomi Sagara
2066:Petra Deimer
2014:Contemporary
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1960:Cruel Sports
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1924:Publications
1890:Tiggywinkles
1830:MSPCA-Angell
1829:
1680:Badger Trust
1619:Pain in fish
1571:Rescue group
1395:Blood sports
1321:
1310:
1299:
1288:
1277:
1266:
1255:
1244:
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1123:
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1101:
1085:(1): 84–99.
1082:
1078:
1068:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1007:
1001:
992:
973:
928:
901:prohibiting
897:to create a
892:
860:wild animals
829:
820:fur trapping
806:hot branding
743:laryngectomy
741:of dogs and
702:tail docking
698:ear cropping
679:bullfighting
671:cockfighting
635:
623:
619:
611:
557:, behavior,
551:
543:
539:
532:
509:
486:
482:
448:
434:
385:Fez, Morocco
382:
376:
325:
291:
289:
241:
211:
209:
141:MSPCA-Angell
124:
118:January 2009
115:
105:
98:
91:
84:
72:
52:
3281: /
3137:Legislation
3058:Eid al-Adha
3029:Rituals and
2877:Bell Taylor
2767:Jean Burden
2752:Ernest Bell
2701:Carl Safina
2696:Diana Reiss
2601:Bruce Fogle
2586:Marc Bekoff
2552:and writers
2512:Franz Weber
2502:Jessey Wade
2482:Mary Tealby
2387:Terry Maple
2287:Lucy Furman
2212:Henry Bergh
2171:Sally Varma
2046:Jan Cameron
2041:Moira Brown
2007:and workers
1455:Vivisection
816:fur farming
784:to contain
729:onychectomy
675:bullbaiting
667:dogfighting
638:legislation
567:dermatology
420:(RSPCA) in
372:New England
368:farm animal
352:Nevins Farm
328:Milk Street
316:Nevins Farm
263:, a Boston
31:group, see
3296:Categories
3269:71°06′40″W
3266:42°19′22″N
2915:Categories
2897:Hugh Wirth
2812:C. W. Hume
2730:Historical
2626:Erich Hoyt
2621:Jane Hurst
2447:Jan Salter
2412:Felix Ortt
2372:Etta Lemon
2367:Carla Lane
2232:Jim Cronin
2185:Historical
2091:Brian Hare
1725:Dogs Trust
1695:Blue Cross
1450:Puppy mill
921:References
903:pet rental
876:pet stores
870:of animal
844:aggression
840:guard dogs
798:microchips
761:injectable
657:euthanasia
559:cardiology
362:and other
88:newspapers
55:references
29:Lifesaving
3031:festivals
2991:Religious
2972:Fur trade
2005:Activists
1750:Four Paws
1690:Battersea
1490:Barn fire
966:"History"
804:(but not
786:livestock
739:debarking
704:in dogs,
599:pathology
587:nutrition
583:neurology
563:dentistry
516:ambulance
428:(now the
414:Nantucket
302:press run
265:socialite
216:501(c)(3)
146:Formation
3249:Category
3083:Kapparot
3015:Shechita
3000:Dhabihah
2550:Scholars
1499:Concepts
1059:10822639
909:See also
790:ear tags
772:drowning
653:adoption
591:oncology
548:Services
520:HIV/AIDS
492:officers
470:flooding
463:Suriname
162:Location
27:For the
3224:Related
2982:Whaling
1880:Save Me
1865:RNZSPCA
1845:OneKind
1590:Pain in
888:aquaria
848:hunting
794:tattoos
709:myotomy
603:surgery
318:before
238:History
225:in the
182:Website
102:scholar
3005:Jhatka
1383:Issues
1056:
1014:
880:rodeos
866:, the
800:, and
770:, and
677:, and
605:, and
405:intern
283:, and
255:being
253:horses
246:lawyer
214:is a
189:.mspca
104:
97:
90:
83:
75:
3010:Kutha
1885:SSPCA
1870:RSPCA
1800:ISPCA
1755:FRAME
1735:DSPCA
1645:ASPCA
872:breed
852:sport
275:were
257:raced
109:JSTOR
95:books
3205:(UK)
3199:(US)
3193:(EU)
3187:(EU)
3181:(UK)
3175:(UK)
3169:(US)
3163:(UK)
3157:(NZ)
3151:(UK)
1900:UFAW
1790:IFAW
1770:HSUS
1730:DSPA
1715:CAWF
1012:ISBN
886:and
850:for
834:and
812:Furs
706:tail
700:and
573:and
528:pets
526:for
442:and
210:The
191:.org
173:U.S.
154:Type
149:1868
81:news
1087:doi
1054:PMC
1044:doi
874:by
494:in
457:in
354:in
350:at
330:in
187:www
57:to
3298::
1083:38
1081:.
1077:.
1052:.
1038:.
1034:.
984:^
940:^
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759:,
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1062:.
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131:)
125:(
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116:(
106:·
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62:.
35:.
20:)
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