193:(Anacostan) intermediaries. Edward was successful and several groups of Massawomeck arrived at the falls that summer. Fleet recorded that the Massawomeck were a confederacy who lived in palisaded towns, one of which contained over 300 houses. Fleet's journal includes six Massawomeck words, five names and a word of greeting (quo). Four of the words were names of Massawomeck settlements (Skaunetowa, Touhoga, Usserahak, Mosticum), and one name was of a non-Massawomeck group (Herecheenes).
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until conflict with the
Haudenosaunee forced them to migrate south in the mid-1620s. This theory, however, fails to explain Smith's encounter with the Massawomeck on Chesapeake Bay in 1608, nor does it account for the significant Massawomeck aggression against the Algonquian peoples on the upper
241:, although drought may also have been a factor. Many Massawomeck refugees were absorbed by the Susquehannock where they became known to the Swedes and the Dutch as the Black Minqua. Other Massawomeck refugees may have pushed southward into Virginia where they were absorbed by the
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people who lived on the east side of the
Chesapeake. The Massawomeck cautiously approached Smith's boat which eventually led to an exchange of gifts. The Tockwogh later reported that the Massawomeck were the "mortal enemies" of the
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The
Massawomeck appear in the journal of English fur trader Henry Fleet. In June 1632, Fleet sent his brother Edward up the Potomac River to invite the Massawomeck bring their furs to the
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people who inhabited the upper
Youghiogheny River and Monongahela River watersheds,. Some early 16th century movement into the upper Potomac River watershed may also have occurred.
140:. Wahunsenacawh told Smith that the Massawomeck were a fierce people who lived on a sea beyond the mountains, "that did eate men," and had slain many during attacks against the
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Chesapeake well before 1620. It also ignores the likelihood that when
Champlain wrote about the Antouhonorons he was referring to the non-Mohawk tribes of the Haudenosaunee.
536:
315:
Johnson, William C. (2001). "The
Protohistoric Monongahela and the Case for a Iroquois Connection". In Brose, David S.; Cowan, C. Wesley; Mainfort, Robert C. (eds.).
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204:, or the Erie. However, it is now accepted that the Massawomeck were Iroquoian but culturally distinct from the Erie and Haudenosaunee.
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433:"Material Culture of the Contact Period in the Upper Potomac Valley: Chronological and Cultural Implications"
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Historical writers in the 19th and the early 20th centuries identified the
Massawomeck as either the
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271:"The Massawomeck: Raiders and Traders into the Chesapeake Bay in the Seventeenth Century"
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The
Massawomeck: Raiders and Traders into the Chesapeake Bay in the Seventeenth Century
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on his map of 1632. Pendergast hypothesized that the
Massawomeck had lived east of the
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Sorg, David J. (2015). "Henry Fleet's
Journal and the Languages of Pennsylvania".
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Societies in Eclipse: Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, A.D. 1400-1700
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during the early 17th century. Their territory encompassed the headwaters of the
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367:"Observations on Certain Ancient Tribes of the Northern Appalachian Province"
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The first documented European contact with the Massawomeck occurred during
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prisoner who also reported that the Massawomeck lived on a great water.
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Attacks by the Seneca displaced the Massawomeck from their territory
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of the Potomac River and trade directly with him rather than through
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Recent research has identified the Massawomeck as the protohistoric
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Richardson, James B.; Anderson, David A.; Cook, Edward R. (2002).
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who lived on the Susquehanna River north of the Chesapeake.
281:(2). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society: 1–101.
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proposed that the Massawomeck were the Antouhonorons who
494:"Native Lands of Pennsylvania: A Land Acknowledgement"
319:. Tuscalousa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
132:Smith had previously heard of the Massawomeck from
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275:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
464:"The Disappearance of the Monogahela: Solved?"
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537:Native American history of West Virginia
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431:Robert, Wall; Lapham, Heather (2003).
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522:Indigenous languages of Pennsylvania
468:Archaeology of Eastern North America
437:Archaeology of Eastern North America
377:. Smithsonian Institution: 191–246.
182:that may represent the Massawomeck.
30:Regions with significant populations
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207:In 1991, James Pendergast of the
85:who lived in what is now western
406:Canadian Journal of Archaeology
396:Fitzgerald, William R. (1992).
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269:Pendergast, James F. (1991).
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532:Native Americans in Maryland
365:Hoffman, Bernard G. (1964).
176:Le Canada ou Nouvelle France
331:Carte de la Nouvelle-France
157:Carte de la Nouvelle-France
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345:Pennsylvania Archaeologist
209:Canadian Museum of History
112:'s second exploration of
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16:Native American tribe
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443:: 151–177.
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398:"Review of
383:10088/22131
351:(1): 70–76.
239: 1635
229:Monongahela
191:Nacotchtank
187:Great Falls
164: 1641
95:Monongahela
79:Massawomeck
25:Massawomeck
516:Categories
500:August 12,
249:References
146:Patawomeck
142:Piscataway
122:Algonquian
110:John Smith
474:: 81–96.
170:, and on
118:Elk River
58:Iroquoian
52:Languages
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449:40914874
418:41102863
243:Meherrin
159:, dated
150:Manahoac
138:Powhatan
105:rivers.
87:Maryland
81:were an
64:Religion
40:Eastern
37:Maryland
35:Western
295:1006560
155:On the
103:Potomac
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202:Seneca
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70:Native
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