204:(Anacostan) intermediaries. Edward was successful and several groups of Massawomeck arrived at the falls that summer. Fleet recorded that the Massawomeck were a confederacy who lived in palisaded towns, one of which contained over 300 houses. Fleet's journal includes six Massawomeck words, five names and a word of greeting (quo). Four of the words were names of Massawomeck settlements (Skaunetowa, Touhoga, Usserahak, Mosticum), and one name was of a non-Massawomeck group (Herecheenes).
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until conflict with the
Haudenosaunee forced them to migrate south in the mid-1620s. This theory, however, fails to explain Smith's encounter with the Massawomeck on Chesapeake Bay in 1608, nor does it account for the significant Massawomeck aggression against the Algonquian peoples on the upper
252:, although drought may also have been a factor. Many Massawomeck refugees were absorbed by the Susquehannock where they became known to the Swedes and the Dutch as the Black Minqua. Other Massawomeck refugees may have pushed southward into Virginia where they were absorbed by the
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people who lived on the east side of the
Chesapeake. The Massawomeck cautiously approached Smith's boat which eventually led to an exchange of gifts. The Tockwogh later reported that the Massawomeck were the "mortal enemies" of the
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The
Massawomeck appear in the journal of English fur trader Henry Fleet. In June 1632, Fleet sent his brother Edward up the Potomac River to invite the Massawomeck bring their furs to the
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people who inhabited the upper
Youghiogheny River and Monongahela River watersheds,. Some early 16th century movement into the upper Potomac River watershed may also have occurred.
151:. Wahunsenacawh told Smith that the Massawomeck were a fierce people who lived on a sea beyond the mountains, "that did eate men," and had slain many during attacks against the
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Chesapeake well before 1620. It also ignores the likelihood that when
Champlain wrote about the Antouhonorons he was referring to the non-Mohawk tribes of the Haudenosaunee.
547:
326:
Johnson, William C. (2001). "The
Protohistoric Monongahela and the Case for a Iroquois Connection". In Brose, David S.; Cowan, C. Wesley; Mainfort, Robert C. (eds.).
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215:, or the Erie. However, it is now accepted that the Massawomeck were Iroquoian but culturally distinct from the Erie and Haudenosaunee.
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444:"Material Culture of the Contact Period in the Upper Potomac Valley: Chronological and Cultural Implications"
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Historical writers in the 19th and the early 20th centuries identified the
Massawomeck as either the
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282:"The Massawomeck: Raiders and Traders into the Chesapeake Bay in the Seventeenth Century"
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The
Massawomeck: Raiders and Traders into the Chesapeake Bay in the Seventeenth Century
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on his map of 1632. Pendergast hypothesized that the
Massawomeck had lived east of the
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Sorg, David J. (2015). "Henry Fleet's
Journal and the Languages of Pennsylvania".
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Societies in Eclipse: Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, A.D. 1400-1700
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during the early 17th century. Their territory encompassed the headwaters of the
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378:"Observations on Certain Ancient Tribes of the Northern Appalachian Province"
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The first documented European contact with the Massawomeck occurred during
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prisoner who also reported that the Massawomeck lived on a great water.
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Attacks by the Seneca displaced the Massawomeck from their territory
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of the Potomac River and trade directly with him rather than through
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Recent research has identified the Massawomeck as the protohistoric
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Richardson, James B.; Anderson, David A.; Cook, Edward R. (2002).
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who lived on the Susquehanna River north of the Chesapeake.
292:(2). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society: 1–101.
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proposed that the Massawomeck were the Antouhonorons who
505:"Native Lands of Pennsylvania: A Land Acknowledgement"
330:. Tuscalousa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
143:Smith had previously heard of the Massawomeck from
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286:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
475:"The Disappearance of the Monogahela: Solved?"
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127:in 1608. While crossing the mouth of the
548:Native American history of West Virginia
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442:Robert, Wall; Lapham, Heather (2003).
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533:Indigenous languages of Pennsylvania
479:Archaeology of Eastern North America
448:Archaeology of Eastern North America
388:. Smithsonian Institution: 191–246.
193:that may represent the Massawomeck.
41:Regions with significant populations
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218:In 1991, James Pendergast of the
96:who lived in what is now western
417:Canadian Journal of Archaeology
407:Fitzgerald, William R. (1992).
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280:Pendergast, James F. (1991).
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543:Native Americans in Maryland
376:Hoffman, Bernard G. (1964).
187:Le Canada ou Nouvelle France
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220:Canadian Museum of History
123:'s second exploration of
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454:: 151–177.
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409:"Review of
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198:Great Falls
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36:Massawomeck
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260:References
157:Patawomeck
153:Piscataway
133:Algonquian
121:John Smith
485:: 81–96.
181:, and on
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69:Iroquoian
63:Languages
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460:40914874
429:41102863
254:Meherrin
170:, dated
161:Manahoac
149:Powhatan
116:rivers.
98:Maryland
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75:Religion
51:Eastern
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306:1006560
166:On the
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213:Seneca
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