205:
27:
194:
361:
of the
Maronesa as "not at risk". At the end of 2016 there were 4777 breeding cows registered in the herd-book; the total population was estimated at 8300–9900. Threats to the Maronesa include the falling number of keepers of the breed, their increasing mean age, and changes in the tax regulations.
472:
266:
breeds, and it was considered a cross-breed until about 1835, when it was acknowledged to be a separate breed. Support for descent from Barrosã and
Mirandesa comes from a 1993 study regarding the frequency of the 1/29
271:
in the three breeds, where the value for the
Maronesa (~40%) is intermediate between that for the Barrosã (65%) and that for the Mirandesa (below 2%). A study published in 1998 found it to have a substantial
984:
397:
are black. The head is broad and short, and the profile straight. The horns extend horizontally from the skull, then point forwards and downwards so that they are almost parallel to the facial profile. The
382:: mature bulls are larger than cows, have a more heavily muscled neck, and tend to show more development in the foreparts compared with the rectangular body outline of cows and bullocks.
847:
869:
considered in
Portugal to be wholly or partly of Portuguese origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Portuguese.
979:
544:
342:
was started in the same year. By 1996 the number of farmers rearing the breed had risen to almost 1500. In 2008, the breed was officially approved by the
840:
511:
833:
762:
628:
600:
486:
514:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2017.
856:
476:
675:
Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships between ten native cattle breeds from
Galicia and the north of Portugal
718:
254:
The origin of the
Maronesa is not clear and remains controversial. Historical evidence suggests that it derives from
297:
268:
232:
198:
32:
343:
284:
of
Portuguese breeds in 2004 grouped it most closely with the Barrosã. The Maronesa was formerly numerous in the
281:
335:
805:
Genetic origin, admixture and population history of aurochs (Bos primigenius) and primitive
European cattle
641:
974:
289:
285:
220:
883:
903:
775:
305:
371:
948:
204:
26:
898:
427:
375:
358:
239:
435:
758:
624:
596:
482:
379:
316:
301:
228:
209:
70:
815:
653:
555:
446:
390:
273:
674:
277:
310:
430:– the area of the Serra do Alvão, the Serra da Padrela and the Serra do Marão – has had
545:
Genetic diversity and differentiation in
Portuguese cattle breeds using microsatellites
339:
293:
255:
243:
193:
91:
968:
657:
559:
415:
386:
236:
589:
Valerie Porter, Lawrence
Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
866:
543:
J.C. Mateus, M.C.T. Penedo, V.C. Alves, M. Ramos, Teresa Rangel-Figueiredo (2004).
450:
423:
788:
752:
618:
590:
953:
426:
methods in a defined and approximately circular area extending northwards from
276:
from the Barrosã, the Mirandesa, and all other breeds of northern Portugal and
933:
918:
893:
878:
431:
259:
473:
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
943:
913:
888:
825:
804:
347:
263:
739:
705:
693:
528:
80:
642:
Frequency and distribution of rob (1;29) in three Portuguese cattle breeds
478:
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
923:
819:
742:(in Portuguese). Associação de Criadores do Maronês. Accessed June 2017.
708:(in Portuguese). Associação de Criadores do Maronês. Accessed June 2017.
696:(in Portuguese). Associação de Criadores do Maronês. Accessed June 2017.
531:(in Portuguese). Associação de Criadores do Maronês. Accessed June 2017.
938:
908:
442:
399:
394:
224:
174:
389:, but many cows are chestnut-brown. There is a pale ring round the
403:
203:
192:
481:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
419:
829:
354:
43:
242:
in the northern part of the country. Its primary use is for
592:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
319:. There is no census data from before 1940, when just over
673:
A. Fernández, J.L. Viana, A. Iglesias, L. Sánchez (1998).
370:
The Maronesa is traditional rustic cattle breed. It shows
985:
Portuguese products with protected designation of origin
803:
M.R. Upadhyay, W. Chen, J.A. Lenstra and others (2017).
441:
The Maronesa has been used in attempts to re-create the
640:
Teresa Rangel-Figueiredo, Leopoldo Iannuzzi (1993).
434:, and may be marketed as "Carne Maronesa DOP". The
161:
153:
128:
103:
98:
87:
76:
66:
58:
50:
39:
374:similarity to the Portuguese fighting bull, the
471:Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007).
346:, and the breed register became a genealogical
338:was formed by fourteen breeders in 1988, and a
776:The wild, extinct supercow returning to Europe
757:(in Portuguese). Évora: Caminho das Palavras.
841:
8:
414:The traditional use of the Maronesa was for
19:
327:animals registered, and in 1972 there were
848:
834:
826:
719:Maronês cattle breeders halved in a decade
385:The usual colour is black with a chestnut
25:
18:
165:horns long, pointing forward and downward
791:. Portugal Resident. Accessed July 2017.
735:
733:
731:
461:
613:
611:
609:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
467:
465:
323:head were counted; in 1955 there were
980:Cattle breeds originating in Portugal
524:
522:
520:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
7:
595:(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
539:
537:
227:. Its name derives from that of the
623:. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset.
512:Breed data sheet: Maronesa/Portugal
754:Viagens pelas receitas de Portugal
438:is low, at about 75 per 100 cows.
81:Associação de Criadores do Maronês
14:
658:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1993.00233.x
560:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01089.x
422:from Maronesa animals reared by
402:is well developed. In cows, the
157:black with reddish dorsal stripe
774:Kieron Monks (9 January 2017).
765:. (online version unpaginated).
620:Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia
1:
344:Direção Geral de Veterinária
219:is a traditional Portuguese
787:Sue Barker (2 April 2014).
751:Nelson Carvalheiro (2015).
1001:
778:. CNN. Accessed July 2017.
300:, and particularly in the
269:Robertsonian translocation
16:Portuguese breed of cattle
874:
863:
857:Cattle breeds of Portugal
406:is covered in fine hair.
331:. Numbers later dropped.
169:
24:
282:micro-satellite analysis
182:Bos (primigenius) taurus
662:(subscription required)
617:Marleen Felius (1995).
563:(subscription required)
418:. Since 1996, beef and
199:Parque Natural do Alvão
33:Parque Natural do Alvão
212:
201:
725:. Accessed July 2017.
679:Archivos de zootecnia
489:. Accessed June 2017.
336:breeders' association
207:
196:
231:, which lies in the
820:10.1038/hdy.2016.79
359:conservation status
46:(2007): not at risk
40:Conservation status
21:
789:Raising the Auroch
717:(22 August 2013).
213:
202:
962:
961:
723:The Portugal News
706:Livro genealógico
393:; the muzzle and
380:sexual dimorphism
191:
190:
59:Country of origin
992:
904:Brava dos Açores
850:
843:
836:
827:
792:
785:
779:
772:
766:
749:
743:
737:
726:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
671:
665:
663:
638:
632:
615:
604:
587:
566:
564:
541:
532:
526:
515:
509:
490:
469:
447:TaurOs programme
330:
326:
322:
314:
306:Serra da Padrela
274:genetic distance
183:
177:
29:
22:
1000:
999:
995:
994:
993:
991:
990:
989:
965:
964:
963:
958:
870:
859:
854:
800:
798:Further reading
795:
786:
782:
773:
769:
750:
746:
738:
729:
716:
712:
704:
700:
692:
688:
672:
668:
661:
639:
635:
616:
607:
588:
569:
562:
549:Animal Genetics
542:
535:
527:
518:
510:
493:
470:
463:
459:
412:
368:
366:Characteristics
328:
324:
320:
308:
252:
187:
181:
173:
149:
146:
145:
138:
124:
121:
120:
113:
83:(in Portuguese)
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
998:
996:
988:
987:
982:
977:
967:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
875:
872:
871:
865:These are the
864:
861:
860:
855:
853:
852:
845:
838:
830:
824:
823:
799:
796:
794:
793:
780:
767:
744:
740:Padrão da Raça
727:
710:
698:
686:
666:
652:(3): 233–237.
633:
605:
567:
554:(2): 106–113.
533:
516:
491:
460:
458:
455:
445:, such as the
411:
408:
378:, with marked
367:
364:
340:breed register
317:Serra do Marão
302:Serra do Alvão
298:Trás-os-Montes
256:cross-breeding
251:
248:
233:Trás-os-Montes
229:Serra do Marão
210:Serra do Alvão
189:
188:
186:
185:
178:
170:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
148:
147:
143:
141:
139:
136:
132:
130:
126:
125:
123:
122:
118:
116:
114:
111:
107:
105:
101:
100:
96:
95:
89:
85:
84:
78:
74:
73:
71:Serra do Marão
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
41:
37:
36:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
997:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:Cattle breeds
973:
972:
970:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Brava de Lide
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
873:
868:
867:cattle breeds
862:
858:
851:
846:
844:
839:
837:
832:
831:
828:
821:
817:
813:
810:
806:
802:
801:
797:
790:
784:
781:
777:
771:
768:
764:
763:9789898784261
760:
756:
755:
748:
745:
741:
736:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
714:
711:
707:
702:
699:
695:
690:
687:
684:(177): 61–71.
683:
680:
676:
670:
667:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
637:
634:
630:
629:9789054390176
626:
622:
621:
614:
612:
610:
606:
602:
601:9781780647944
598:
594:
593:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
568:
561:
557:
553:
550:
546:
540:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
492:
488:
487:9789251057629
484:
480:
479:
474:
468:
466:
462:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:draught power
409:
407:
405:
401:
396:
392:
388:
387:dorsal stripe
383:
381:
377:
376:Brava de Lide
373:
372:morphological
365:
363:
360:
356:
353:In 2007, the
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
318:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
265:
261:
257:
249:
247:
245:
241:
238:
237:Douro Litoral
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
211:
206:
200:
195:
184:
179:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
140:
134:
133:
131:
127:
115:
109:
108:
106:
102:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
28:
23:
928:
811:
808:
783:
770:
753:
747:
722:
713:
701:
694:A Associação
689:
681:
678:
669:
649:
645:
636:
619:
591:
551:
548:
477:
451:Uruz project
440:
436:calving rate
424:eco-friendly
413:
384:
369:
352:
333:
253:
223:of mountain
216:
214:
180:
67:Distribution
954:Ramo Grande
814:: 169–176.
475:, annex to
357:listed the
309: [
162:Horn status
51:Other names
969:Categories
934:Mertolenga
919:Jarmelista
879:Alentejana
457:References
432:DOP status
315:, and the
944:Mirandesa
914:Garvonesa
889:Arouquesa
646:Hereditas
428:Vila Real
348:herd-book
286:provinces
264:Mirandesa
929:Maronesa
924:Marinhoa
884:Algarvia
809:Heredity
217:Maronesa
142:Female:
117:Female:
77:Standard
62:Portugal
20:Maronesa
939:Minhota
909:Cachena
894:Barrosã
443:aurochs
278:Galicia
260:Barrosã
258:of the
250:History
246:power.
244:draught
240:regions
208:On the
197:In the
92:draught
54:Maronês
31:In the
761:
627:
599:
529:A Raça
485:
400:dewlap
395:mucosa
391:muzzle
329:29 276
325:32 252
321:25 000
304:, the
225:cattle
175:Cattle
144:130 cm
137:140 cm
135:Male:
129:Height
119:375 kg
112:600 kg
110:Male:
104:Weight
99:Traits
94:, meat
949:Preta
404:udder
313:]
294:Minho
290:Douro
221:breed
759:ISBN
625:ISBN
597:ISBN
483:ISBN
449:and
420:veal
296:and
262:and
235:and
215:The
154:Coat
816:doi
812:118
654:doi
650:119
556:doi
410:Use
355:FAO
288:of
88:Use
44:FAO
971::
807:.
730:^
721:.
682:47
677:.
660:.
648:.
644:.
608:^
570:^
552:35
547:.
536:^
519:^
494:^
464:^
453:.
350:.
334:A
311:pt
292:,
280:,
849:e
842:t
835:v
822:.
818::
664:.
656::
631:.
603:.
565:.
558::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
