1993:
171:? In a moment their land was covered with sand. What advantage did the Jews gain from executing their wise king? It was just after that their kingdom was abolished. God justly avenged these three wise men: the Athenians died of hunger; the Samians were overwhelmed by the sea and the Jews, desolate and driven from their own kingdom, live in complete dispersion. But Socrates is not dead, because of
635:
216:
647:
20:
1222:
723:
This means that it is impossible to infer if Mara believed the resurrection happened or not, and leaves it up to speculation whether he was a
Christian or a non-Christian who agreed with Christians as regarding Jesus as a "wise king" according to the Gospels. Given that the gospel portraits of Jesus'
124:
55:
711:
The non-Christian origin of the letter is supported by the observation that "king of the Jews" was not a
Christian title during the time period the letter was written. The statement in the letter that the wise king lives on because of the "new law" he laid down is also seen as an indication of its
93:. Criteria that support the non-Christian origin of the letter include the observation that "king of the Jews" was not a Christian title, and that the letter's premise that Jesus lives on in his teachings he enacted is in contrast to the Christian concept that Jesus continues to live through his
78:, and the execution of "the wise king" of the Jews. The author explains that in all three cases the wrongdoing resulted in the future punishment of those responsible by God and that when the wise are oppressed, not only does their wisdom triumph in the end, but God punishes their oppressors.
190:
had destroyed Mara's city in a war, taking him prisoner along with others. The letter was written from prison to encourage the author's son to pursue wisdom. It takes the form of a set of rhetorical questions which ask about the benefits of persecuting wise men.
747:. Van Voorst states that possible reasons for Bar-Serapion to suppress the name of Jesus from the letter include the ongoing persecutions of Christians at the time and his desire not to offend his Roman captors who also destroyed Jerusalem. Others such as
62:
to his son, who was named
Serapion. The letter was composed sometime after 73 AD but before the 3rd century, and most scholars date it to shortly after 73 AD during the first century. The letter may be an early non-Christian reference to the
784:
Evans, however, argues that unlike the references to
Socrates and Pythagoras, bar Serapion does not explicitly mention Jesus by name, thereby rendering the actual identity of the "wise king" in the letter less than certain.
158:
What else can we say, when the wise are forcibly dragged off by tyrants, their wisdom is captured by insults, and their minds are oppressed and without defense? What advantage did the
Athenians gain from murdering
1087:"The manuscripts arrived at the British Museum on the first of March 1843, and this portion of the collection is now numbered Add. 14,425--14,739." BL Add. 14,658 is included among these manuscripts.
716:. Another viewpoint is that he could be referring to the resurrection recorded in Jesus's teachings which say he lived on, thus establishing his "new law" (possibly paralleling the "
135:, and was composed sometime between 73 AD and the 3rd century. Nineteenth century records state that the manuscript containing this text was one of several manuscripts obtained by
194:
Mara hints that the occupation of his land will in the end bring shame and disgrace on the Romans. His letter advises the pursuit of wisdom to face the difficulties of life.
154:
The beginning of the letter makes it clear that it is written to the author's son: "Mara, son of
Serapion, to my son Serapion, greetings." The key passage is as follows:
728:(with the Jewish mob merely acting as agitators), some Gospels do agree with the Jews being to blame. And referring to "king of the Jews" rather than the Savior or
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242:
183:
In this passage the author explains that when the wise are oppressed, not only does their wisdom triumph in the end, but God also punishes their oppressors.
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indicates that the impressions of Bar-Serapion were not formed by
Christian sources, although Jewish Christians did call him the king of the Jews.
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765:(15:26 paragraph 1). Van Voorst states that the parallels drawn between the unjust treatment of three men, and the destruction of
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by the Romans, but before the third century. Most scholars date the letter to shortly after AD 73 during the first century.
1867:
1484:
1345:
140:
1973:
1735:
1274:
1192:
The Letter of Mara bar
Sarapion in Context: Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Utrecht University, 10–12 December 2009
517:
434:
89:. Some scholars see the reference to the execution of a "wise king" of the Jews as an early non-Christian reference to
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1085:. Longmans & Company (printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum). pp. xiii, 1159.
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sees less value in the letter, given its uncertain date, and the possible ambiguity in the reference.
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The letter has been claimed to include no
Christian themes and a number of leading scholars such as
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1378:
1374:
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non-Christian origin, for it ignores the
Christian belief that Jesus continues to live through his
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404:
287:
1082:
Catalogue of the Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum Acquired since the Year 1838, Volume III
163:? Famine and plague came upon them as a punishment for their crime. What advantage did the men of
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The letter has been claimed to include no Christian themes and many scholars consider Mara a
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Spicilegium Syriacum: containing remains of Bardesan, Meliton, Ambrose and Mara Bar Serapion
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see less value in the letter, given its uncertain date, and the ambiguity in the reference.
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crucifixion place much of the blame for the execution of Jesus on the Roman procurator
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An ancient Syriac document, purporting to be the record of the second Synod of Ephesus
2011:
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1201:"The Letter of Mara Bar Serapion in Context, Utrecht University, 10–12 December 2009"
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states that Bar-Serapion reference to the "king of Jews" may be related to the
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168:
86:
75:
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Roman Edessa: Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringes of the Roman Empire
871:
Evidence of Greek Philosophical Concepts in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian
70:
The letter refers to the unjust treatment of "three wise men": the murder of
1948:
634:
944:
Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research
840:
The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament
789:
160:
71:
47:
1103:. Oxford: Printers to the University (privately printed). pp. v–vi.
987:
Jesus outside the New Testament: an introduction to the ancient evidence
899:
Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence
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704:. A small number of scholars suggest that Mara may have been a
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sees little doubt that the reference to the execution of the "
179:; nor is the wise king, because of the "new law" he laid down.
104:
see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the "
1013:
edited by Averil Cameron and Peter Garnsey (Jan 13, 1998)
761:
inscription on the cross of Jesus' crucifixion, as in the
1147:, Catherine Porter and Elizabeth Rawlings (Apr 22, 2005)
1227:
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The letter was written after the AD 72 annexation of
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leads to the conclusion that Bar-Serapion viewed the
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1764:
1687:
1644:
1587:
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175:; neither is Pythagoras, because of the statue of
127:is preserved in a 6th or 7th century manuscript (
1059:Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies
842:by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009
156:
1579:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
147:of Egypt and acquired by the Library in 1843.
1243:
946:edited by Bruce Chilton, Craig A. Evans 1998
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85:, although some suggest he may have been a
1574:New Testament places associated with Jesus
1569:Historical background of the New Testament
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151:published an English translation in 1855.
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1901:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)
1223:Text of the letter of Mara at Wikisource
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692:Mara Bar-Serapion § Mara's religion
1011:The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 13
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186:The context of the letter is that the
1034:The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337
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16:Ancient letter by a Stoic philosopher
7:
486:Sources for the historicity of Jesus
37:Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews
31:which is the Latin abbreviation for
1892:(traditional maternal grandfather)
1886:(traditional maternal grandmother)
1190:; Tieleman, Teun L., eds. (2012).
14:
1205:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
1120:. Psychology Press. p. 119.
1992:
1991:
1097:Perry, Samuel Gideon F. (1867).
645:
633:
345:Apparitions and visions of Jesus
1898:(paternal grandfather per Luke)
425:Background to the New Testament
2023:Ancient Roman writers on Jesus
1602:Quest for the historical Jesus
474:Quest for the historical Jesus
33:Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum
1:
989:by Robert E. Van Voorst 2000
897:Van Voorst, Robert E (2000).
777:as punishment for the Jewish
141:monastery of St. Mary Deipara
120:The passage and its context
2039:
1552:Five Discourses of Matthew
1141:The Middle East under Rome
689:
491:Reliability of the Gospels
125:Mara Bar-Serapion's letter
1987:
1265:
1169:Cureton, William (1855).
1779:In comparative mythology
1199:Ramelli, Ilaria (2010).
1114:Ross, Steven K. (2001).
775:destruction of Jerusalem
430:Language spoken by Jesus
1932:Interactions with women
1175:. Rivingstons. p.
1061:by Craig A. Evans 2001
901:. Eerdmans Publishing.
807:Suetonius on Christians
640:Christianity portal
52:Roman province of Syria
35:, which translates to "
1942:Mary, sister of Martha
1562:Oral gospel traditions
444:Mental health of Jesus
181:
40:
1669:Life of Christ Museum
1664:Life of Christ in art
873:by Ute Possekel 1999
610:Life of Christ Museum
531:Perspectives on Jesus
226:Jesus in Christianity
22:
1485:Sayings on the cross
1443:Entry into Jerusalem
1181:spicilegium Cureton.
65:crucifixion of Jesus
1974:Race and appearance
1912:(traditional uncle)
1818:Jesus the Splendour
1460:Agony in the Garden
1375:Sermon on the Mount
1079:Wright, W. (1872).
1009:Sebastian Brock in
288:Sermon on the Mount
198:Historical analysis
131:14658) held by the
1959:Rejection of Jesus
1636:Christ myth theory
1453:Farewell Discourse
779:rejection of Jesus
167:gain from burning
54:. He is noted for
41:
27:above Jesus reads
2018:Syriac literature
2005:
2004:
1927:Language of Jesus
1874:Brothers of Jesus
1746:Session of Christ
1622:Mara bar Serapion
1423:Great Commandment
1318:Flight into Egypt
1067:978-0-391-04118-9
1036:by Fergus Millar
848:978-0-8054-4365-3
812:Tacitus on Christ
802:Josephus on Jesus
737:Robert Van Voorst
688:
687:
503:Jesus myth theory
112:. Others such as
102:Robert Van Voorst
100:Scholars such as
74:, the burning of
56:a letter he wrote
48:Stoic philosopher
44:Mara bar Serapion
2030:
1995:
1994:
1870:(alleged father)
1724:Person of Christ
1597:Historical Jesus
1428:Olivet Discourse
1356:Great Commission
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700:consider Mara a
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652:Islam portal
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598:Jesus in culture
469:Historical Jesus
457:Jesus in history
380:Names and titles
335:Heavenly Session
243:Names and titles
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106:king of the Jews
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133:British Library
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108:" is about the
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1519:New Testament
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1879:Holy Kinship
1830:Master Jesus
1808:Baháʼí Faith
1702:Christianity
1689:Christianity
1659:Christ Child
1654:Bibliography
1621:
1504:Resurrection
1418:Homelessness
1327:(apocryphal)
1308:Virgin birth
1298:Annunciation
1290:Jesus's life
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718:New Covenant
714:resurrection
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585:Bar-Serapion
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437: /
340:Intercession
320:Resurrection
268:Virgin birth
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137:Henry Tattam
128:
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95:resurrection
80:
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1905:Descendants
1863:Holy Family
1846:Genealogies
1813:Manichaeism
1719:Incarnation
1714:Christology
1707:1st century
1589:Historicity
1480:Crucifixion
1448:Last Supper
1211:(1): 81–85.
997:pages 53-55
909:pages 53-56
881:pages 29-30
735:Theologian
605:Life in art
481:Historicity
435:Jesus' race
305:Humiliation
238:Christology
2012:Categories
1751:Son of God
1646:Depictions
1384:Beatitudes
1341:Temptation
1285:Chronology
1153:0674016831
1042:0674778863
1019:0521302005
818:References
730:Son of God
706:monotheist
690:See also:
565:Manichaean
464:Chronology
418:Background
169:Pythagoras
87:monotheist
76:Pythagoras
1979:Sexuality
1964:Criticism
1949:Christmas
1825:Mandaeism
1801:Ahmadiyya
1509:Ascension
1433:Anointing
1368:Disciples
1351:Selecting
615:Depiction
538:Christian
508:Criticism
498:Mythology
439:genealogy
405:End times
390:Disciples
330:Obedience
325:Ascension
310:Execution
139:from the
50:from the
1997:Category
1868:Panthera
1853:(mother)
1612:Josephus
1465:Betrayal
1408:Miracles
1403:Parables
1363:Ministry
1346:Apostles
1303:Nativity
1194:. Brill.
1155:page 293
1044:page 507
1021:page 709
850:page 110
796:See also
790:Samosata
575:Josephus
570:Mandaean
300:Parables
295:Miracles
283:Ministry
273:Nativity
207:a series
205:Part of
161:Socrates
72:Socrates
1920:Related
1890:Joachim
1784:Judaism
1774:Jesuism
1674:Statues
1627:Gospels
1617:Tacitus
1607:Sources
1532:Matthew
1527:Gospels
1438:Passion
1391:Prayers
1336:Baptism
1325:Infancy
1270:Outline
1069:page 41
620:Jesuism
580:Tacitus
553:Islamic
278:Baptism
253:Gospels
143:in the
129:BL Add.
60:Aramaic
25:titulus
1954:Easter
1910:Clopas
1857:Joseph
1839:Family
1736:Relics
1697:Christ
1492:Burial
1470:Arrest
1151:
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767:Athens
558:Ahmadi
548:Talmud
543:Jewish
518:Relics
375:Gospel
315:Burial
263:Places
233:Christ
188:Romans
46:was a
1796:Islam
1475:Trial
1379:Plain
1259:Jesus
771:Samos
702:pagan
400:Mahdi
395:Death
370:Masih
173:Plato
165:Samos
91:Jesus
83:pagan
1896:Heli
1884:Anne
1851:Mary
1547:John
1542:Luke
1537:Mark
1497:Tomb
1149:ISBN
1122:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1038:ISBN
1015:ISBN
991:ISBN
948:ISBN
903:ISBN
875:ISBN
844:ISBN
769:and
759:INRI
720:").
385:Mary
177:Juno
29:INRI
23:The
1288:of
1143:by
58:in
2014::
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1207:.
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209:on
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