261:
mother's brother, mother's father, and mother's mother's brother. In the grouping of the kin into larger divisions under this Mara type of organization, the father's father's and mother's mother's brother's lineages together form one named patrilineal moiety, while the father's mother's brother's and mother's father's lines form the other moiety. Each one of the four patrilineal descent lines accordingly constitutes a patrilineal semi-moiety. The tribes of this area recognize these semi-moieties as absolute social segments, and give to each a distinctive name.
1229:
637:'A new sub-group has been created, occupied by the Mara language, together with Alawa. These languages have a feminine for the demonstratives and the pronoun, and Alawa also for certain verb forms, but they make no agreement in the adjective. This sub-group has been denominated " semi-classifying," because it has thus the elements of the dual- classifying group, but they are not fully developed, as e.g. in Nagara.'
537:, in response to one such incident, proposed making a punitive expedition against whole tribes in retaliation, specifying in his request that the party in pursuit of a vendetta be given total immunity from prosecution: the proposal was vetoed. Generally, what happened along the stockroute crossing westwards from Queensland and through Marra territory was summed up in one late memoir, in the following terms:
533:. Numerous Marra were downed, but they persisted fearlessly with their spear-throwing for a half an hour despite the heavy losses. This was the first massacre to take place on Marra lands. Over the following years several white intruders died or were killed, and several reprisals took an unknown toll of more Marra.
260:
This general type of social organization is now known as the Mara type, after one of the tribes in the area. The kinship structure of these tribes is of the
Central Australian Aranda type in which the kin are grouped into four patrilineal lines of descent stemming from the father's father, father's
524:
and Dillon Cox, who encountered roughly 130 Marra dressed in ceremonial costume as they trespassed with their stock into the latter's territory. The Marra were reported as trying to spear horses, and the colonials formed a square and shot away with a
265:
Contemporary research has established that the Marra, their land, and named sites, together with every living species that is selected as important for them, belong to four patrilineal semi-moieties, presented in the following model:
515:
traversed their coastal lands in late 1845, and noted that even in the hardiest conditions of the dry period, it was well-populated. He was the first
European to have been sighted by Marra people. The construction of the
1468:
520:
began to make the first major impact on the Marra, as materials were shipped in near Roper Bar, where a large depot was established with upwards of 300 Europeans. In 1872, with the advent of
1461:
70:
was the norm in pre-contact
Aboriginal Australia, though one's primary group identity was formed by the specific tongue that inscribed the landscape where any group habitually controlled.
2511:
2453:
1454:
1237:
2488:
2481:
101:
According to Greg
Dickson, Marra, which is "critically endangered" with only four completely fluent speakers (2015), has played a key role in the formation of the
2446:
1211:
541:
There is no doubt that during the cattle migration and the gold rush to the
Kimberleys, the whites shot down the blacks like crows all along the route.'
366:
were also hunted. Inland, emu and five species of kangaroo were ample. As the water retreated with the onset of the dry seasons, the harvesting of the
2460:
2474:
1168:
The
Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
335:
people, the Marra also availed themselves of all of the abundant resources offered by the inland woodland and freshwater river systems. Fish,
2467:
1436:
1197:
1138:
1091:
517:
130:
1012:
502:
486:
Before the coming of white colonists, the Marra may have had some prior contact with Asians. Their word for food/flour/bread,
1428:
1066:
501:, meaning food, esp. cooked rice, and if so, would be some evidence that the Marra people had enjoyed direct contact with
1843:
414:), there are several creation narratives, thematically centred on beings such as, in approximate translation, mermaids (
1166:
511:
was the first
European to set foot on Maria Island in 1802, and noted from fires and footprints that it was inhabited.
2088:
625:
550:
560:
in 1908, some Marra people together with the remnants of many other uprooted indigenous groups, Alawa, Warndarrang,
1162:
1130:
106:
1425:
Aboriginal Tribes of
Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
521:
347:
95:
1477:
1403:
1373:
1348:
1280:
1246:
161:
133:, while to the north they extended as far as Edward Island. The neighbouring tribes of the Marra were the
46:
624:
Warndarrang may be borderline since some linguists regard it as, alternatively, a fringe member of the
1913:
1386:
1377:
1365:
1352:
1153:
495:
359:
343:, a saltwater variety) and bird flesh culled by hunting in the wetlands and estuaries, together with
75:
1542:
1398:
1220:
1179:
1109:
463:
447:
351:
83:
1008:"Anthropological notes on the Western Coastal tribes of the Northern Territory of South Australia"
1007:
1983:
1481:
1336:
1302:
1268:
1047:
553:
around 1884, who found the "unoccupied land" he took over peopled by numerous
Aboriginal people.
391:
126:
94:
included it as a new example of a semi-classifying language in 1942. It is notable for having 8
50:
526:
1446:
2165:
2095:
1857:
1432:
1319:
1285:
1283:(October–December 1930b). "The Social Organization of Australian Tribes Part II (Continued)".
1251:
1207:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1134:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1030:
512:
387:
146:
1118:
2032:
1997:
1899:
1871:
1780:
1420:
1328:
1294:
1260:
1039:
530:
508:
439:
344:
165:
121:'s reckoning, covered some 3,000 square miles (7,800 km) from the tidal reaches of the
98:, and a further 21 sub-conjugation classes for just twice that number of inflecting verbs.
2313:
2299:
1885:
1836:
1787:
1759:
1556:
1314:
1003:
569:
253:
67:
1356:
2383:
2285:
2194:
2039:
1822:
1794:
1689:
1633:
1612:
1416:
1394:
1332:
1298:
1264:
1062:
Marra and Kriol: the loss and maintenance of knowledge across a language shift boundary
1043:
546:
545:
Virtually the whole of Marra territory was swallowed up in the 12,000-square-kilometer
491:
169:
134:
118:
79:
71:
62:
17:
125:
to an area close to the mouth of the
Hodgson River. The southern extension ran to the
2505:
2271:
2074:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2025:
2011:
1752:
1696:
1399:"Natives of Groote Eylandt and the west coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Parts I-II"
1122:
1101:
1025:
534:
91:
2411:
2397:
2334:
2137:
2004:
1962:
1941:
1829:
1731:
1640:
1535:
1507:
1500:
150:
138:
87:
2376:
172:
each of which had two semi-moieties and designated them in the following pattern.
168:
structure typical of the area's tribes. He described the Mara as characterised by
2418:
2320:
2278:
2229:
2151:
1976:
1773:
1626:
423:
149:
to the north (with the border around the Roper River) and formerly, perhaps the
122:
102:
31:
2348:
2222:
2215:
2201:
2067:
1948:
1934:
1808:
1717:
1682:
1598:
1549:
1528:
383:
363:
336:
568:, shifted there, but a good number still remained in their home country, and
2341:
2327:
2306:
2292:
2257:
2116:
2081:
1906:
1892:
1878:
1864:
1745:
1738:
1710:
1661:
1584:
1577:
1514:
561:
403:
379:
142:
2390:
2355:
2208:
2179:
2144:
2018:
1955:
1724:
1668:
1591:
371:
74:
is one of the three members of the Marran language family, together with
1340:
1306:
1272:
1051:
2425:
2369:
2362:
2264:
2187:
2158:
2123:
2109:
1990:
1927:
1920:
1766:
1675:
1654:
1619:
1570:
1493:
557:
471:
375:
2404:
2250:
2243:
2130:
2102:
1850:
1815:
1703:
1647:
1605:
1563:
1521:
565:
455:
431:
355:
1060:
1076:"Rethinking the substrates of Roper River Kriol: The Case of Marra"
2236:
2172:
1801:
367:
1450:
1249:(April 1930a). "The Social Organization of Australian Tribes".
1127:
Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method
1317:(December 1935). "Semi-Moieties in North-Western Queensland".
1119:"A methological history of Australian language classification"
164:
used the Mara social organisation as a type for classifying
1028:(June 1942). "Languages of Arnhem Land, North Australia".
1080:
Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation
754:
752:
27:
Aboriginal people of the Northern Territory of Australia
1106:
Basic Materials in Mara: Grammar, Texts, and Dictionary
667:
665:
1174:. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 276–278.
1379:
Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia
1213:
A Grammar of Wambaya, Northern Territory (Australia)
1078:. In Meakins, Felicity; O'Shannessy, Carmel (eds.).
1013:
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia
1238:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
818:
806:
1230:"Eulogizing a language: the Ngarnka experience"
1161:Lowrie, James (1886). "Roper River Tribe". In
1462:
926:
8:
2512:Aboriginal peoples of the Northern Territory
1185:Verb Classification in Australian Languages
1469:
1455:
1447:
782:
770:
129:. The eastern flanks ran to the coast and
572:described them in 1907 as a large tribe.
527:Martini–Henry effective up to 1,000 yards
1148:Linklater, William; Tapp, Lynda (1968).
719:
282:
188:
986:
974:
962:
950:
938:
914:
902:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
794:
758:
743:
731:
695:
671:
656:
649:
617:
1404:Records of the South Australian Museum
707:
830:
7:
1358:Northern Tribes of Central Australia
683:
556:Soon after the establishment of the
41:, formerly sometimes referred to as
390:was facilitated. The fruits of the
1333:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1935.tb00178.x
1299:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1930.tb01652.x
1265:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1930.tb00003.x
1044:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1942.tb00365.x
25:
626:Macro-Gunwinyguan language family
547:Valley of Springs pastoral lease
141:on their southern frontier, the
1429:Australian National University
1067:Australian National University
529:, several revolvers, and five
354:turtles and their eggs, while
1:
1125:; Koch, Harold James (eds.).
746:, pp. 145–175, 145–146.
153:resided to their northwest.
30:Not to be confused with the
490:, has been hypothesised by
256:describes this as follows:
2528:
1163:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
494:to be a loanword from the
284:Patrilineal semi-moieties
60:
29:
2435:
1488:
1131:John Benjamins Publishing
927:Linklater & Tapp 1968
531:Westley Richards shotguns
218:
199:
1228:Pensalfini, Rob (2004).
722:, pp. 137, 224–225.
440:Olive Python/Quiet Snake
1417:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1395:Tindale, Norman Barnett
607:. (white man, European)
18:Mara people (Australia)
1281:Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.
1247:Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.
1154:Macmillan of Australia
1074:Dickson, Greg (2016).
1059:Dickson, Greg (2015).
543:
384:swamp arrowgrass roots
263:
162:Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
2441:By state or territory
1117:Koch, Harold (2004).
819:Radcliffe-Brown 1930b
807:Radcliffe-Brown 1930a
539:
505:from southeast Asia.
418:), winds/whirlwinds (
416:Gilyirring/gilyirring
258:
47:Aboriginal Australian
34:of India and Myanmar.
1914:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
1387:Macmillan Publishers
1366:Macmillan Publishers
1349:Spencer, Sir Baldwin
1180:McGregor, William B.
1086:. pp. 145–175.
522:Wentworth D'Arcy Uhr
170:patrilineal moieties
1221:Pacific Linguistics
1110:Pacific Linguistics
989:, p. 39, n.11.
965:, pp. 154–156.
821:, pp. 332–333.
558:Roper River Mission
448:Black-headed python
285:
157:Social organisation
96:conjugation classes
2454:Northern Territory
1482:Northern Territory
1411:: 61–102, 103–134.
1353:Gillen, Francis J.
1208:Nordlinger, Rachel
1133:. pp. 17–59.
734:, pp. 14, 21.
518:Overland Telegraph
482:History of contact
464:Antelopine Wallaby
394:were also prized.
392:Buchanania obovata
374:, and digging for
283:
127:Limmen Bight River
51:Northern Territory
2499:
2498:
2489:Western Australia
1438:978-0-708-10741-6
1199:978-3-110-87087-9
1190:Walter de Gruyter
1140:978-9-027-24761-2
1093:978-1-614-51879-2
1084:Walter de Gruyter
1020:. Adelaide: 1–62.
953:, pp. 55–56.
917:, pp. 54–55.
905:, pp. 53–54.
893:, pp. 48–49.
869:, pp. 42–43.
809:, pp. 40–41.
576:Alternative names
513:Ludwig Leichhardt
310:
309:
237:
236:
145:to the west, the
137:to the east, the
16:(Redirected from
2519:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2223:Ritharngu/Diakui
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1900:Makarrwanhalmirr
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
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1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1412:
1390:
1384:
1374:Spencer, Baldwin
1369:
1363:
1344:
1315:Sharp, Lauriston
1310:
1276:
1242:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1203:
1175:
1173:
1157:
1144:
1113:
1097:
1070:
1055:
1021:
1004:Basedow, Herbert
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
660:
654:
638:
635:
629:
622:
509:Matthew Flinders
503:Macassar traders
424:King Brown Snake
331:Though mainly a
286:
189:
117:Marra lands, in
21:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2468:South Australia
2466:
2459:
2452:
2447:New South Wales
2445:
2440:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2377:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1484:
1480:peoples in the
1475:
1445:
1439:
1415:
1393:
1382:
1372:
1361:
1347:
1313:
1279:
1245:
1241:(164): 141–156.
1232:
1227:
1216:
1206:
1200:
1178:
1171:
1160:
1147:
1141:
1116:
1100:
1094:
1073:
1058:
1024:
1002:
998:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
961:
957:
949:
945:
937:
933:
925:
921:
913:
909:
901:
897:
889:
885:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
849:
841:
837:
829:
825:
817:
813:
805:
801:
793:
789:
783:Nordlinger 1998
781:
777:
771:Pensalfini 2004
769:
765:
757:
750:
742:
738:
730:
726:
718:
714:
706:
702:
694:
690:
682:
678:
670:
663:
655:
651:
647:
642:
641:
636:
632:
623:
619:
614:
601:
578:
570:Herbert Basedow
484:
444:Gurrujardbunggu
400:
388:water chestnuts
358:, the flesh of
329:
254:Lauriston Sharp
159:
115:
86:established by
68:Multilingualism
65:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2525:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2195:Pitjantjatjara
2191:
2184:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2040:Murngin=Yolgnu
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1413:
1391:
1370:
1345:
1327:(2): 158–174.
1311:
1293:(3): 322–341.
1277:
1243:
1225:
1204:
1198:
1176:
1158:
1150:Gather No Moss
1145:
1139:
1123:Bowern, Claire
1114:
1102:Heath, Jeffrey
1098:
1092:
1071:
1065:(PhD thesis).
1056:
1038:(4): 364–392.
1022:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:
979:
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
907:
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
835:
833:, p. 158.
823:
811:
799:
787:
775:
773:, p. 142.
763:
761:, p. 230.
748:
736:
724:
712:
710:, p. 364.
700:
698:, p. 147.
688:
676:
661:
648:
646:
643:
640:
639:
630:
616:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
600:
597:
596:
595:
589:
584:
577:
574:
492:Nicholas Evans
483:
480:
410:, or in Kriol
399:
396:
328:
325:
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
314:
313:
312:
311:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
251:
250:
249:
248:
247:
246:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
235:
234:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
193:
158:
155:
119:Norman Tindale
114:
111:
63:Marra language
61:Main article:
58:
55:
49:people of the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2524:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:Ngaanyatjarra
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:Nanggikorongo
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:Murrinh-Patha
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:Mulluk-Mulluk
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:Menhdheyangal
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:Garrwa/Karawa
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
988:
983:
980:
976:
971:
968:
964:
959:
956:
952:
947:
944:
941:, p. 55.
940:
935:
932:
929:, p. 74.
928:
923:
920:
916:
911:
908:
904:
899:
896:
892:
887:
884:
881:, p. 48.
880:
875:
872:
868:
863:
860:
857:, p. 45.
856:
851:
848:
845:, p. 44.
844:
839:
836:
832:
827:
824:
820:
815:
812:
808:
803:
800:
797:, p. 41.
796:
791:
788:
785:, p. xv.
784:
779:
776:
772:
767:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
737:
733:
728:
725:
721:
720:McGregor 2013
716:
713:
709:
704:
701:
697:
692:
689:
686:, p. 43.
685:
680:
677:
674:, p. 23.
673:
668:
666:
662:
659:, p. 46.
658:
653:
650:
644:
634:
631:
627:
621:
618:
611:
606:
603:
602:
598:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
551:John Costello
548:
542:
538:
536:
535:Paul Foelsche
532:
528:
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
504:
500:
497:
493:
489:
481:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:In the Marra
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:bush potatoes
373:
370:and seeds of
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
270:
269:
268:
267:
262:
257:
255:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
202:
198:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
171:
167:
166:a semi-moiety
163:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
112:
110:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
92:Arthur Capell
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
56:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2398:Yindjilandji
2138:Ngolokwangga
1969:
1942:Marimanindji
1830:Karrangpurru
1543:Anindilyakwa
1536:Andakerebina
1424:
1408:
1402:
1378:
1357:
1324:
1318:
1290:
1284:
1259:(1): 34–63.
1256:
1250:
1236:
1212:
1184:
1167:
1149:
1126:
1105:
1079:
1061:
1035:
1029:
1017:
1011:
987:Dickson 2015
982:
977:, p. 3.
975:Basedow 1907
970:
963:Dickson 2016
958:
951:Dickson 2015
946:
939:Dickson 2015
934:
922:
915:Dickson 2015
910:
903:Dickson 2015
898:
891:Dickson 2015
886:
879:Dickson 2015
874:
867:Dickson 2015
862:
855:Dickson 2015
850:
843:Dickson 2015
838:
826:
814:
802:
795:Dickson 2015
790:
778:
766:
759:Tindale 1974
744:Dickson 2016
739:
732:Dickson 2015
727:
715:
703:
696:Dickson 2016
691:
679:
672:Dickson 2015
657:Dickson 2015
652:
633:
620:
604:
591:
586:
581:
555:
549:taken up by
544:
540:
507:
498:
487:
485:
475:
467:
459:
451:
443:
435:
427:
419:
415:
411:
407:
401:
348:olive ridley
340:
332:
330:
304:
299:
294:
289:
264:
259:
252:
231:
224:
219:
212:
205:
200:
195:semi-moiety
160:
131:Maria Island
116:
100:
88:Stephen Wurm
66:
42:
38:
36:
2152:Norweilemil
1984:Marrithiyal
1977:Marranunggu
1774:Gungorogone
1421:"Mara (NT)"
708:Capell 1942
587:Leelalwarra
468:Barlin.gama
372:waterlilies
360:file snakes
339:, mussels (
337:crustaceans
123:Roper River
105:variety of
103:Roper River
76:Warndarrang
32:Mara people
2461:Queensland
2349:Wongkamala
2321:Warndarang
2216:Rembarrnga
2202:Pongaponga
2166:Nunggubuyu
2096:Ngaliwurru
2068:Nangiomeri
1949:Marinunggo
1935:Maridjabin
1858:Kungarakan
1809:Jamindjung
1718:Emmiyangal
1683:Djerimanga
1599:Bingongina
1550:Anmatyerre
1478:Aboriginal
1385:. London:
1026:Capell, A.
831:Sharp 1935
599:Some words
470:) and the
460:Garrimarla
295:Murrungurn
147:Warndarang
2342:Wilingura
2328:Warumungu
2307:Warlmanpa
2258:Wadjiginy
2117:Ngarinman
2082:Ngalakgan
2033:Muringura
1998:Matuntara
1907:Mangarayi
1893:Madngella
1879:Kwarandji
1872:Kunwinjku
1865:Kunibidji
1781:Gunindiri
1746:Gambalang
1739:Gadjerong
1711:Doolboong
1662:Djalakuru
1585:Bilingara
1578:Beriguruk
1529:Amijangal
1515:Alyawarre
684:Koch 2004
645:Citations
562:Ngalakgan
496:Maccassan
452:Bubunarra
436:Wardabirr
404:dreamtime
341:mindiwaba
333:saltwater
206:Murrungun
143:Mangarayi
90:in 1971.
45:, are an
2506:Category
2482:Victoria
2475:Tasmania
2391:Yaroinga
2356:Wulwulam
2314:Warlpiri
2300:Wardaman
2293:Wandjira
2209:Puneitja
2180:Perrakee
2145:Ngormbur
2019:Mudburra
1956:Marijedi
1886:Larrakia
1837:Kaytetye
1788:Gurindji
1760:Giimbiyu
1725:Gaagudju
1592:Binbinga
1557:Arrernte
1419:(1974).
1397:(1925).
1376:(1914).
1355:(1904).
1341:40327545
1307:40327330
1273:40373034
1210:(1998).
1182:(2013).
1104:(1981).
1052:40327959
1006:(1907).
592:Walkonda
488:gandirri
428:Bandiyan
398:Dreaming
352:flatback
84:typology
57:Language
2426:Yunggor
2384:Yanyuwa
2370:Yangman
2363:Wurango
2286:Wambaya
2265:Wagoman
2188:Pintupi
2159:Nungali
2124:Ngarnka
2110:Ngardok
1991:Mati Ke
1928:Maridan
1921:Mariamo
1844:Kukatja
1823:Jingili
1795:Iwaidja
1767:Gudanji
1690:Djinang
1676:Djerait
1655:Dhuwala
1634:Dalabon
1620:Dagoman
1613:Burarra
1571:Awinmul
1494:Airiman
1320:Oceania
1286:Oceania
1252:Oceania
1165:(ed.).
1031:Oceania
996:Sources
605:munanga
472:Catfish
462:), the
438:), the
430:), the
422:), the
364:pythons
356:dugongs
290:Mambali
213:Mambali
135:Yanyuwa
113:Country
2405:Yolngu
2272:Wakaya
2251:Wadere
2244:Waanyi
2131:Ngarti
2103:Ngandi
2089:Ngalia
2054:Nagara
1851:Kunapa
1816:Jawoyn
1704:Djowei
1697:Djinba
1648:Dhuwal
1606:Bininj
1564:Awarai
1522:Amarak
1435:
1339:
1305:
1271:
1196:
1137:
1090:
1050:
566:Ngandi
476:Ngurru
456:Taipan
446:, the
432:Goanna
420:Walulu
412:drimin
305:Burdal
225:Burdal
220:Umbana
201:Muluri
192:Moiety
2412:Yukul
2335:Watta
2237:Tjial
2173:Oitbi
2005:Maung
1970:Marra
1963:Mariu
1802:Jaako
1732:Gaari
1669:Djaŋu
1641:Dangu
1508:Alura
1501:Alawa
1383:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1337:JSTOR
1303:JSTOR
1269:JSTOR
1233:(pdf)
1217:(PDF)
1172:(PDF)
1121:. In
1048:JSTOR
612:Notes
594:. (?)
499:kanre
408:jijan
368:corms
345:green
300:Guyal
232:Guyal
151:Yugul
139:Alawa
107:Kriol
80:Alawa
72:Marra
39:Marra
2419:Yumu
2279:Walu
2230:Tiwi
1627:Daii
1433:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1088:ISBN
582:Mara
564:and
386:and
380:yams
362:and
350:and
327:Diet
82:, a
78:and
43:Mara
37:The
1329:doi
1295:doi
1261:doi
1040:doi
478:).
454:),
434:, (
2508::
1431:.
1427:.
1423:.
1407:.
1401:.
1364:.
1351:;
1335:.
1323:.
1301:.
1289:.
1267:.
1255:.
1235:.
1219:.
1192:.
1188:.
1152:.
1129:.
1108:.
1082:.
1046:.
1036:12
1034:.
1018:31
1016:.
1010:.
751:^
664:^
382:,
378:,
109:.
53:.
2182:?
1470:e
1463:t
1456:v
1441:.
1409:3
1389:.
1368:.
1343:.
1331::
1325:6
1309:.
1297::
1291:1
1275:.
1263::
1257:1
1223:.
1202:.
1156:.
1143:.
1112:.
1096:.
1069:.
1054:.
1042::
628:.
474:(
466:(
458:(
450:(
442:(
426:(
406:(
20:)
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