1002:
494:
1158:
1013:
shared responsibilities. Additionally, the French Navy continued to build large numbers of ships slowly, which was not a sustainable practice in a period of rapid developments in naval technology. As a result, ad hoc changes were made to ships while under construction, which further delayed their completion as outdated features had to be removed, more advanced equipment developed and installed, all the while modifying the ships' design to ensure they retained stability and did not become overloaded.
840:
28:
65:
669:
635:
By the time the design for these new ships was being finalized in early 1880, very large guns had fallen out of favor in the French Navy, so new 52-ton guns were substituted. The Navy had intended to build all four vessels to the same design, but after work began on the first vessel in June 1880, the
1012:
The ships of the class took around a decade to complete, far longer than should have been the case. Construction of the vessels was hampered by an inefficient system in France that lacked a centralized command structure that instead relied on separate construction and materiel organizations that
946:
and propulsion machinery spaces, tapering to 356 mm (14 in) at the bottom edge. Toward the bow, the belt was reduced to 254 mm (10 in) at the top edge and 229 mm (9 in) at the bottom, while the stern section received slightly thicker protection, at 305 mm
988:
s barbettes were steel while the other two ships had compound armor. According to a contemporary
British report, the magazines were not directly protected and instead relied on the side and horizontal armor for protection. The guns themselves were covered by 64 mm (2.5 in) thick
908:; naval historian Eric Gille gives four to seven 65 mm guns, nine to twelve 47 mm guns, and eight 37 mm guns; naval historian Paul Silverstone says six 65 mm guns and twelve 47 mm guns. There is similar disagreement over the
1043:
in particular), their overloaded condition that largely submerged their armor belts, and their towering superstructures that rendered them large targets. Worse still, they took so long to complete that by the time they entered service, the first
585:
Problems aboard other vessels with new 76-ton guns prompted the naval command to abandon the as-yet untested 100-ton weapons. A modified version of the 76-ton gun with a longer barrel and that had been adapted to use new
1089:
937:
extended for the entire length of the hull and was approximately 2.3 m (7.5 ft) wide; 0.61 to 0.76 m (2 to 2.5 ft) of the belt was above the waterline. The armor belt was backed by a layer of
440:
in the 1890s and saw little activity beyond routine training exercises. They were quickly reduced to the
Reserve Division of the squadron as the French commissioned their own pre-dreadnoughts. All three
550:, armed with 450 mm (17.7 in) 100-ton guns. The French initially viewed the ships as not worthy of concern, though by 1877, public pressure over the new Italian vessels prompted the Navy's
409:
of barbette ships, but with smaller guns: four 340 mm (13.4 in) weapons compared to the three 420 mm (16.5 in) guns of the earlier vessels. They introduced the
981:
The barbettes for the main battery were 406 mm (16 in) thick and the supporting tubes that connected them to their magazines were 203 to 229 mm (8 to 9 in);
942:
that was used to help contain the effects of a shell hit. It was 457 mm (18 in) at the upper edge in the central portion, where it protected the ships' ammunition
1976:
2428:
1032:
and opposed new battleship construction in favor of cheaper torpedo boats. He halted work on the ships during his tenure, which further delayed their completion.
993:, which were intended to protect their crews from light weapons and small arms fire. Their forward conning tower was 120 to 150 mm (4.7 to 6 in) thick.
1235:
All three ships were modernized with new boilers in the early 1900s, including reductions in their top-heavy superstructures and heavy masts and installation of
1199:. The ships had relatively uneventful careers, and over the rest of the decade, the three ships were primarily occupied with annual training maneuvers. In 1897,
636:
shipyard realized that Huin's design, which had been modified dozens of times by different elements in the French naval command, was unworkable. The proposed
652:
was too far advanced in construction to allow the necessary changes without breaking up the existing hull structure. The other three ships, which became the
885:
of sixteen 138 mm (5.4 in) 30-cal. Mle 1884 guns, all carried in individual pivot mounts in an unarmored gun battery in the hull, eight guns per
2086:
1219:
2502:
2435:
1016:
The problems with French administration were compounded with changes in leadership that brought major shifts in construction priorities. Admiral
1969:
861:(cal.) guns mounted in individual barbette mounts. One was forward and one aft, both on the centerline, and two were amidships in wing mounts.
1911:
1892:
1870:
1834:
1798:
1779:
1736:
402:
was substantially re-designed after defects in the original plans for the class could not be rectified. The ships were based on the earlier
896:, the ships carried an extensive battery of light guns, though the numbers vary between sources. Gardiner reports a range of three to six
1039:, "the constant tinkering with the designs...proved to be little short of disastrous", noting the dangerous instability (which afflicted
2095:
2053:
598:
s were too advanced in their construction to allow their design to be revised, but the other four vessels of the program, which became
2180:
1962:
1021:
2228:
562:
2492:
1648:
1049:
2449:
2442:
1192:
437:
970:
atop a layer of 10 mm (0.4 in) of steel was attached to the upper edge of the belt. Above the belt, the ships had a
2079:
2013:
1130:
391:
2277:
2208:
2037:
897:
295:
94:
2256:
568:
498:
403:
1228:
in 1899, as a number of new pre-dreadnought battleships had been built, taking their place as front-line warships. The
831:(30 km/h; 18 mph). Coal storage amounted to 600 to 740 t (590 to 730 long tons; 660 to 820 short tons).
2497:
2139:
1001:
685:
190:
854:
286:
640:
dimensions were insufficient for the weight of armament to be carried. The shipyard engineers proposed widening the
2380:
2201:
1232:
s were thereafter assigned to the
Reserve Division of the Mediterranean Squadron for torpedo and gunnery training.
1045:
889:. They fired 30 kg (66 lb) high-explosive shells at a muzzle velocity of 590 m/s (1,900 ft/s).
504:
426:
1157:
2345:
2331:
2187:
2173:
2072:
736:. The hulls were constructed with iron, but their superstructures were largely composed of steel to save weight.
103:
2118:
493:
2352:
2338:
1251:
saw no further use. During parliamentary debates in 1908, the waste of funds that had been spent modernizing
2408:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2317:
2249:
2166:
2132:
2006:
1999:
1188:
1109:
1082:
385:
375:
32:
2401:
2194:
2125:
901:
721:
425:
design during their long construction produced badly flawed vessels that were superseded by more powerful
301:
1652:
1224:
in 1898, where the submarine scored two hits with practice torpedoes. All three vessels were reduced to
609:
2263:
2242:
2235:
2111:
2029:
772:
599:
579:
544:
538:
397:
245:
80:
916:, Gille reporting five to six tubes, and Silverstone stating five tubes. According to the contemporary
567:
and following with six vessels carrying 100-ton guns of French design. The first of these were the two
1195:, France's front-line fleet unit. She was joined there by the other two ships in 1893 after they were
762:
s masts were of the heavy variety. Their crews ranged from 643 to 651 officers and enlisted men.
720:
received very large structures that contributed to poor stability. The ships' hulls were divided into
2309:
2151:
943:
725:
620:
for the next two decades. The large caliber guns were increased to four, one forward, one aft, and a
608:-class ironclads, had not yet begun building. Their design, which was prepared by the naval engineer
594:, which allowed its shells to penetrate as well as the 100-ton gun had been expected to perform. The
839:
27:
2324:
2220:
2159:
1208:
1173:
978:
forward; this structure was intended to limit flooding in the event of damage above the waterline.
858:
645:
559:
553:
514:
367:
163:
803:
was fitted with twelve of the boilers. In the early 1900s, the ships were modernized with sixteen
2103:
1196:
882:
739:
Steering was controlled from a small conning tower directly aft of the forward main battery gun.
430:
2289:
1943:
1926:
1907:
1888:
1866:
1849:
1830:
1813:
1794:
1775:
1755:
1732:
1711:
1694:
1677:
1660:
1236:
1017:
886:
808:
637:
521:
embarked on a construction program to strengthen the fleet in 1872. By that time, the
Italian
446:
692:
of 8.23 to 8.43 m (27 ft 0 in to 27 ft 8 in). They displaced 10,558
688:, with a beam of 20.06 to 20.19 m (65 ft 10 in to 66 ft 3 in) and a
2420:
1725:
1093:
918:
881:
with a muzzle velocity of 555 m/s (1,820 ft/s). The main guns were supported by a
804:
788:
534:
364:
219:
1844:
Robinson, C. N. (1902). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Chapter VI: Foreign Naval
Manoeuvres".
1767:
776:
700:). As was customary for French capital ships of the era, their hull featured a pronounced
641:
591:
410:
251:
1808:
Gleig, Charles (1896). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Chapter XII: French Naval
Manoeuvres".
1689:
Brassey, Thomas A. & Leyland, John (1899). "Chapter II: Progress of
Foreign Navies".
787:
had four such engines driving a pair of shafts. Steam was provided by eight coal-burning
2297:
1284:
1256:
1184:
1027:
930:
874:
709:
530:
469:
saw no further use. The latter two vessels were discarded between 1908 and 1913, while
450:
1267:
became a floating workshop to support torpedo boats and submarines after the start of
2486:
1880:
1287:
in a storm and could not be pulled free; her wreck remained visible until the 1930s.
1225:
1169:
1036:
913:
905:
816:
812:
752:
729:
462:
333:
1921:
Thursfield, J. R. (1894). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Foreign
Maneouvres: I—France".
873:
mounted four of the Mle 1881 weapons. Both versions fired 350 kg (770 lb)
668:
1272:
967:
893:
744:
689:
617:
524:
478:
418:
414:
307:
1938:
Thursfield, J. R. (1897). Brassey, Thomas A. (ed.). "Naval
Maneouvres in 1896".
1268:
963:
878:
828:
657:
621:
518:
474:
371:
327:
264:
70:
2064:
990:
934:
926:
846:
early in her career; note her significantly larger superstructure compared to
820:
701:
587:
345:
321:
225:
1947:
1930:
1853:
1817:
1759:
1715:
1706:
Brassey, Thomas A. & Leyland, John (1908). "Chapter II: Foreign Navies".
1698:
1681:
1664:
660:
and could be modified, and they retained the barbettes of the earlier ships.
1216:
975:
971:
733:
629:
625:
381:
339:
1954:
912:
armament, with
Gardiner providing three to five 380 mm (15 in)
824:
693:
575:
229:
174:
529:(Royal Navy) had begun its own expansion program under the direction of
2393:
1276:
1165:
909:
482:
747:
that carried some of her light guns and spotted for her main battery.
1280:
473:
lingered on as a floating workshop. She was used in that role during
628:
to maximize end-on fire (which was emphasized by those who favored
1156:
1000:
922:, the ships were equipped with four tubes, two on each broadside.
838:
697:
667:
492:
208:
8.23 to 8.43 m (27 ft 0 in to 27 ft 8 in)
178:
558:(Board of Construction) to design a response, beginning with the
1885:
The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
1723:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
1325:
1323:
939:
616:
arrangement to what would become the standard for future French
2068:
1958:
1754:(1). Toledo: International Naval Research Organization: 68–78.
1239:. Regardless, they saw limited use after returning to service.
1672:
Brassey, Thomas A. (1903). "Chapter III: Relative Strength".
453:
and masts cut down, but they saw little activity afterward.
811:
models. All three ships' boilers were ducted into a single
732:
further improved the ships' resistance to damage below the
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
533:, which included the construction of several very large
509:; its very large 76-ton gun can be seen under the awning
374:
built in the 1880s and early 1890s. The class comprised
1620:
1596:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1187:
with several other vessels to mark the signing of the
1024:
in 1886–1887, was a staunch advocate of the so-called
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
904:, eight to twelve 37 mm (1.5 in) 1-pounder
933:
that varied between each member of the class. Their
590:
charges was developed; these changes gave it higher
445:
s were modernized in the early 1900s, receiving new
2419:
2391:
2308:
2288:
2219:
2150:
2102:
1731:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333.
743:was fitted with a pair of pole masts equipped with
1724:
1472:
1470:
1468:
855:340 mm (13.4 in) Modèle 1881 or Mle 1884
421:built in the 1890s. Continuous tinkering with the
1727:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1746:Feron, Luc (1985). "French Battleship Marceau".
1329:
900:guns, nine to eighteen 47 mm (1.9 in)
925:The ships were protected with a combination of
755:in place of her forward pole mast, and both of
684:class were 98.6 m (323 ft 6 in)
481:in 1921, but was wrecked while being towed off
865:received two of each model of the guns, while
771:s propulsion machinery consisted of a pair of
2080:
1970:
1942:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 140–188.
1863:French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914
1848:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 144–156.
1825:Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2017).
1812:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 195–207.
1255:was highlighted, and she was struck from the
819:. Their engines were rated to produce 11,000
522:
8:
1925:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 71–102.
1055:had been completed, which far surpassed the
1025:
947:(12 in) and 254 mm, respectively.
551:
1710:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 13–47.
1693:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 32–69.
1676:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 57–68.
1560:
1536:
2087:
2073:
2065:
1977:
1963:
1955:
1659:. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 330.
708:was completed with a comparatively light
18:Ironclad warship class of the French Navy
1608:
1512:
1399:
1247:resumed training duties in 1903, though
1061:
728:and seventeen longitudinal bulkheads. A
200:20.06 to 20.19 m (66 to 66 ft)
1447:
1295:
336:: 120 to 150 mm (4.7 to 6 in)
1904:Directory of the World's Capital Ships
1090:Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée
906:five-barrel Hotchkiss revolving cannon
853:Their main armament consisted of four
324:: 229 to 457 mm (9 to 18 in)
296:65 mm (2.6 in) Mle 1891 guns
22:
966:that was 80 mm (3.1 in) of
7:
1887:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1829:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1774:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1584:
1423:
1411:
1378:
429:almost immediately after the French
189:98.6 m (323 ft 6 in)
2054:List of ironclad warships of France
1883:(1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.).
1827:French Battleships of World War One
1215:was involved in tests with the new
574:, which carried their guns in open
417:that became common for many French
1275:in 1921, but while under tow from
704:shape and incorporated a ram bow.
14:
1632:
1548:
1524:
1476:
1435:
612:, was radically altered from the
1572:
1500:
1488:
1459:
1341:
1314:
1302:
1271:in August 1914. She was sold to
955:had compound armor belts, while
582:, with one forward and two aft.
396:; a fourth member of the class,
63:
26:
2503:Ship classes of the French Navy
1008:at her launching on 24 May 1887
869:carried four Mle 1884 guns and
306:3–6 × 380 mm (15 in)
1906:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
1791:Cent ans de cuirassés français
1772:Naval Weapons of World War One
1259:either that year, or in 1913.
1183:initially went on a voyage to
436:The three ships served in the
291:16 × 138mm/30 Modèle 1884 guns
1:
1902:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984).
1263:was also struck in 1910, and
1191:in 1891. She then joined the
664:Characteristics and machinery
485:and could not be re-floated.
648:to correct the problem, but
2096:Ironclad warships of France
1059:s in combat effectiveness.
1046:pre-dreadnought battleships
1035:According to the historian
686:long between perpendiculars
449:and having their top-heavy
427:pre-dreadnought battleships
267:(30 km/h; 18 mph)
2519:
1621:Brassey & Leyland 1908
1597:Brassey & Leyland 1899
348:: 64 mm (2.5 in)
342:: 406 mm (16 in)
330:: 80 mm (3.1 in)
2460:
2310:Coastal defense ironclads
2152:Central battery ironclads
2049:
2024:
1995:
1861:Roberts, Stephen (2021).
1207:helped to evaluate a new
433:them in the early 1890s.
287:340mm/28 Modèle 1881 guns
154:
42:
25:
1179:After entering service,
898:65 mm (2.6 in)
827:) for a top speed of 16
513:In the aftermath of the
2493:Marceau-class ironclads
1189:Franco-Russian Alliance
724:by thirteen transverse
722:watertight compartments
177:(10,727 to 10,983
155:General characteristics
1865:. Barnsley: Seaforth.
1193:Mediterranean Squadron
1176:
1026:
1009:
962:s was steel. An armor
850:
773:compound steam engines
677:
552:
523:
510:
438:Mediterranean Squadron
413:arrangement for their
363:was group of three of
246:compound steam engines
1748:Warship International
1160:
1004:
974:that was filled with
842:
671:
496:
2467:Single ship of class
1789:Gille, Eric (1999).
1330:Jordan & Caresse
892:For defense against
821:indicated horsepower
2104:Broadside ironclads
1793:. Nantes: Marines.
1575:, pp. 300–301.
1563:, pp. 164–167.
1551:, pp. 195–197.
1503:, pp. 220–221.
1414:, pp. 206–207.
1344:, pp. 53, 100.
1209:fire-control system
1172:, oil on canvas by
877:shells filled with
610:Charles Ernest Huin
554:Conseil des Travaux
515:Franco-Prussian War
37:early in her career
2498:Battleship classes
2421:Floating batteries
2290:Casemate ironclads
2221:Barbette ironclads
1623:, pp. 17, 22.
1599:, pp. 33, 40.
1438:, pp. 66, 69.
1317:, pp. 99–101.
1237:water-tube boilers
1177:
1137:Arsenal de Toulon
1022:Minister of Marine
1010:
851:
835:Armament and armor
775:that each drove a
678:
517:of 1870–1871, the
511:
477:. She was sold to
447:water-tube boilers
2480:
2479:
2062:
2061:
1913:978-0-88254-979-8
1894:978-0-87021-141-6
1872:978-1-5267-4533-0
1836:978-1-59114-639-1
1800:978-2-909675-50-3
1781:978-1-84832-100-7
1738:978-0-85177-133-5
1539:, pp. 72–77.
1527:, pp. 71–72.
1462:, pp. 57–59.
1305:, pp. 92–96.
1150:
1149:
1116:Arsenal de Brest
883:secondary battery
805:Niclausse boilers
789:fire-tube boilers
680:The ships of the
535:ironclad warships
354:
353:
220:fire tube boilers
173:10,558 to 10,810
89:Succeeded by
2510:
2182:La Galissonnière
2089:
2082:
2075:
2066:
1989:-class ironclads
1979:
1972:
1965:
1956:
1951:
1940:The Naval Annual
1934:
1923:The Naval Annual
1917:
1898:
1876:
1857:
1846:The Naval Annual
1840:
1821:
1810:The Naval Annual
1804:
1785:
1768:Friedman, Norman
1763:
1742:
1730:
1719:
1708:The Naval Annual
1702:
1691:The Naval Annual
1685:
1674:The Naval Annual
1668:
1657:The Naval Annual
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1098:27 January 1882
1094:La Seyne-sur-Mer
1062:
1031:
987:
961:
919:The Naval Annual
815:just aft of the
770:
761:
672:Line-drawing of
656:s, had not been
572:-class ironclads
557:
528:
252:screw propellers
69:
67:
66:
30:
23:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2456:
2415:
2392:Large armoured
2387:
2304:
2284:
2215:
2146:
2098:
2093:
2063:
2058:
2045:
2020:
1991:
1983:
1937:
1920:
1914:
1901:
1895:
1879:
1873:
1860:
1843:
1837:
1824:
1807:
1801:
1788:
1782:
1766:
1745:
1739:
1722:
1705:
1688:
1671:
1649:Brassey, Thomas
1647:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1561:Thursfield 1897
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1537:Thursfield 1894
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1385:
1377:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1155:
1153:Service history
1051:Royal Sovereign
999:
985:
959:
837:
777:screw propeller
768:
759:
666:
644:and increasing
624:on either side
592:muzzle velocity
502:-class ironclad
491:
451:superstructures
213:Installed power
64:
62:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2279:Charles Martel
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2230:Amiral Duperré
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:Charles Martel
2034:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1935:
1918:
1912:
1899:
1893:
1881:Ropp, Theodore
1877:
1871:
1858:
1841:
1835:
1822:
1805:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1764:
1743:
1737:
1720:
1703:
1686:
1669:
1651:, ed. (1888).
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1587:, p. 150.
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1515:, p. 331.
1505:
1493:
1491:, p. 220.
1481:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1426:, p. 223.
1416:
1404:
1402:, p. 330.
1383:
1381:, p. 292.
1346:
1334:
1319:
1307:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1257:naval register
1226:training ships
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:February 1893
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:February 1882
1117:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1104:14 March 1891
1102:
1099:
1096:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1020:, who was the
1018:Théophile Aube
998:
995:
931:compound armor
902:3-pounder guns
875:high-explosive
836:
833:
710:superstructure
665:
662:
604:and the three
564:Amiral Duperré
531:Benedetto Brin
490:
487:
463:training ships
368:barbette ships
352:
351:
350:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
317:
313:
312:
311:
310:
304:
298:
292:
289:
281:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
261:
257:
256:
255:
254:
248:
240:
236:
235:
234:
233:
222:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
187:
183:
182:
171:
167:
166:
161:
160:Class and type
157:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
110:
109:
101:
96:Charles Martel
90:
86:
85:
78:
74:
73:
60:
56:
55:
49:
45:
44:
43:Class overview
40:
39:
31:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2515:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2258:Amiral Baudin
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:Followed by:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:Preceded by:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1635:, p. 72.
1634:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1611:, p. 57.
1610:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1479:, p. 71.
1478:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1450:, p. 75.
1449:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1332:, p. 18.
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:ship breakers
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1174:Edmond Chagot
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1140:January 1883
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1037:Theodore Ropp
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
954:
950:
945:
941:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
920:
915:
914:torpedo tubes
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:torpedo boats
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
849:
845:
841:
834:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:conning tower
814:
810:
807:, which were
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
763:
758:
754:
753:military mast
750:
746:
745:fighting tops
742:
737:
735:
731:
730:double bottom
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:(10,727
695:
691:
687:
683:
675:
670:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:capital ships
615:
614:Amiral Baudin
611:
607:
603:
602:
597:
596:Amiral Baudin
593:
589:
583:
581:
578:, all on the
577:
573:
571:
570:Amiral Baudin
566:
565:
561:
560:barbette ship
556:
555:
549:
547:
542:
541:
536:
532:
527:
526:
520:
516:
508:
507:
503:
501:
500:Amiral Baudin
495:
488:
486:
484:
480:
479:ship breakers
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:were used as
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:capital ships
416:
412:
408:
406:
405:Amiral Baudin
401:
400:
395:
394:
389:
388:
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
366:
362:
360:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
334:Conning tower
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
308:torpedo tubes
305:
303:
299:
297:
293:
290:
288:
284:
283:
282:
279:
278:
274:
271:
270:
266:
262:
259:
258:
253:
249:
247:
243:
242:
241:
238:
237:
231:
227:
223:
221:
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
207:
204:
203:
199:
196:
195:
192:
188:
185:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:Barbette ship
162:
159:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
117:
114:
113:
107:
106:
102:
99:
97:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
79:
76:
75:
72:
61:
58:
57:
53:
50:
47:
46:
41:
36:
35:
29:
24:
21:
16:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2409:
2402:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2298:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2038:
2030:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1986:
1985:
1939:
1922:
1903:
1884:
1862:
1845:
1826:
1809:
1790:
1771:
1751:
1747:
1726:
1707:
1690:
1673:
1656:
1628:
1616:
1609:Brassey 1903
1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1513:Brassey 1888
1508:
1496:
1484:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1400:Brassey 1888
1337:
1310:
1298:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1221:Gustave Zédé
1220:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1197:commissioned
1180:
1178:
1161:
1131:
1110:
1101:24 May 1887
1083:
1056:
1050:
1040:
1034:
1015:
1011:
1005:
997:Construction
982:
980:
968:wrought iron
956:
952:
948:
924:
917:
891:
870:
866:
862:
852:
847:
843:
823:(8,200
800:
796:
792:
784:
780:
765:
764:
756:
751:had a heavy
748:
740:
738:
717:
713:
705:
681:
679:
673:
653:
649:
646:displacement
634:
613:
605:
600:
595:
584:
569:
563:
545:
539:
525:Regia Marina
512:
505:
499:
470:
466:
458:
454:
442:
435:
431:commissioned
422:
415:main battery
404:
398:
392:
386:
376:
358:
357:
355:
228:(8,200
224:11,000
170:Displacement
104:
95:
81:
51:
33:
20:
15:
2430:DĂ©vastation
2210:DĂ©vastation
2141:Belliqueuse
1448:Silverstone
1285:ran aground
1269:World War I
1143:April 1890
1122:7 May 1887
1028:Jeune École
991:gun shields
519:French Navy
475:World War I
372:French Navy
346:Gun shields
77:Preceded by
71:French Navy
2487:Categories
2299:Rochambeau
2203:Redoutable
1642:References
1125:July 1892
1077:Completed
927:mild steel
809:water-tube
702:tumblehome
632:attacks).
622:wing mount
588:propellant
580:centerline
506:Formidable
302:47/40 guns
272:Complement
239:Propulsion
123:In service
2473:Cancelled
2451:Embuscade
2444:Arrogante
2189:Richelieu
2175:Friedland
1948:496786828
1931:496786828
1854:496786828
1818:496786828
1760:0043-0374
1716:496786828
1699:496786828
1682:496786828
1665:496786828
1653:"Neptune"
1291:Footnotes
1217:submarine
1071:Laid down
976:cellulose
972:cofferdam
944:magazines
887:broadside
734:waterline
726:bulkheads
694:long tons
658:laid down
626:amidships
576:barbettes
382:lead ship
340:Barbettes
175:long tons
131:Completed
126:1891–1920
118:1882–1893
100:(planned)
59:Operators
2437:Palestro
2394:gunboats
2382:Henri IV
2375:Bouvines
2368:Jemmapes
2340:Tonnerre
2326:Onondaga
2251:Terrible
2134:Provence
2120:Couronne
1770:(2011).
1585:Robinson
1424:Friedman
1412:Friedman
1379:Campbell
1074:Launched
879:melinite
779:, while
465:, while
365:ironclad
280:Armament
108:(actual)
2410:Achéron
2361:Furieux
2354:Tonnant
2347:TempĂŞte
2333:Cerbère
2319:Taureau
2272:Marceau
2196:Colbert
2127:Magenta
2015:Magenta
2008:Neptune
2001:Marceau
1987:Marceau
1277:Bizerte
1265:Marceau
1261:Magenta
1253:Neptune
1249:Neptune
1245:Magenta
1241:Marceau
1230:Marceau
1213:Magenta
1205:Neptune
1201:Marceau
1181:Marceau
1166:Penfeld
1164:on the
1162:Neptune
1132:Magenta
1111:Neptune
1084:Marceau
1068:Builder
1057:Marceau
1048:of the
1041:Magenta
1006:Marceau
983:Marceau
957:Magenta
953:Neptune
949:Marceau
910:torpedo
871:Magenta
867:Neptune
863:Marceau
859:caliber
848:Marceau
844:Magenta
801:Neptune
797:Magenta
793:Marceau
791:aboard
785:Neptune
781:Magenta
766:Marceau
757:Neptune
749:Magenta
741:Marceau
718:Magenta
714:Neptune
706:Marceau
682:Marceau
676:in 1908
674:Marceau
654:Marceau
630:ramming
606:Marceau
548:classes
537:of the
483:Bizerte
471:Marceau
467:Neptune
459:Magenta
455:Marceau
443:Marceau
423:Marceau
411:lozenge
393:Magenta
387:Neptune
377:Marceau
370:of the
359:Marceau
300:9–18 ×
275:643–651
218:8–12 ×
147:Retired
105:Brennus
52:Marceau
34:Marceau
2244:Vauban
2237:Bayard
2113:Gloire
1946:
1929:
1910:
1891:
1869:
1852:
1833:
1816:
1797:
1778:
1758:
1735:
1714:
1697:
1680:
1663:
1283:, she
1281:Toulon
1185:Russia
813:funnel
799:, but
712:, but
546:Italia
540:Duilio
489:Design
390:, and
380:, the
294:3–7 ×
244:2–4 ×
186:Length
68:
2403:Fusée
2265:Hoche
2168:Océan
2041:class
2031:Hoche
1633:Feron
1549:Gleig
1525:Feron
1477:Feron
1436:Gille
1170:Brest
1053:class
986:'
960:'
857:, 28-
829:knots
769:'
760:'
690:draft
650:Hoche
601:Hoche
407:class
399:Hoche
361:class
316:Armor
265:knots
260:Speed
205:Draft
115:Built
98:class
82:Hoche
54:class
2161:Alma
1944:OCLC
1927:OCLC
1908:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1850:OCLC
1831:ISBN
1814:OCLC
1795:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1756:ISSN
1752:XXII
1733:ISBN
1712:OCLC
1695:OCLC
1678:OCLC
1661:OCLC
1573:Ropp
1501:Ropp
1489:Ropp
1460:Ropp
1342:Ropp
1315:Ropp
1303:Ropp
1243:and
1203:and
1065:Name
964:deck
951:and
940:teak
935:belt
929:and
795:and
783:and
716:and
642:beam
638:hull
543:and
497:The
457:and
356:The
328:Deck
322:Belt
285:4 Ă—
250:2 Ă—
197:Beam
139:Lost
48:Name
1279:to
1168:in
263:16
226:ihp
191:lpp
2489::
1750:.
1655:.
1467:^
1386:^
1349:^
1322:^
1211:.
1092:,
825:kW
384:,
230:kW
2470:X
2464:S
2088:e
2081:t
2074:v
1978:e
1971:t
1964:v
1950:.
1933:.
1916:.
1897:.
1875:.
1856:.
1839:.
1820:.
1803:.
1784:.
1762:.
1741:.
1718:.
1701:.
1684:.
1667:.
698:t
232:)
181:)
179:t
150:2
142:1
134:3
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