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to establish themselves as la marchande in their local communities. Many
Creoles procured a large proportion of their goods this way; in open markets run by a combination of slaves and former slaves.
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Many Creole slaves functioned as marchandes during the week, selling produce and performing household tasks on weekends when markets were closed. It was also possible for
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with a basket of blackberries on her head". In the account, the marchande's "easy, familiar fashion" is compared to the approach that 19th and 20th century
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until the end of the 20th century, after which the marchande as a phenomenon became obsolete.
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Shades of Grey: Slaveholding Free Women of Color in
Antebellum New Orleans, 1800-1840
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includes an account of a marchande "crossing the ferry at
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133:. T. McGill, printer. pp. 39–.
62:Marchandes were common in southern
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42:in particular) known for selling
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98:History of slavery in Louisiana
30:was a female street or country
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219:University of Georgia Press
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58:vendor, New Orleans, 1886
361:Louisiana Creole culture
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127:James R. Creecy (1860).
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53:"A Marchande des Calas"
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166:WPA Guide to Louisiana
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164:(2013),
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