Margaret of York - Knowledge

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feared his father's army. The next year, he was summoned back to Austria by his father, the Emperor; Burgundy was left to be governed by Margaret together with the Burgundian Estates, both of whom also undertook the guardianship of the young Duke Philip. She would later welcome his daughter, Margaret, after her rejection by the French court in 1493. Her residence in Mechelen thus became a princely court. This was also the place Philip the Fair's children would be educated when he departed for Spain in 1501. Margaret of Austria, her godchild, would continue to choose Mechelen as residence (and thus the capital city of the Low Countries) as a widowed governor in 1507. Blockmans opines that Margaret of York was the model of Margaret of Austria as well as later widowed female governors, as they inherited her residence, library and household. Another indication of the close relationship between Margaret and Maximilian was a book recounting Macedonian monarchy and the Hellenistic kingdom, written by Justinius, that she gave him, with the inscription "Your loyal mother". The sign that showed this book was intended for Maximilian was the imperial coat of arms, which he could not have carried before his father's death in 1493, as well as the codex style, the subject, the language.

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being able to pay for Margaret's dowry, encouraging a Lancastrian invasion of Wales, and slandering Margaret, claiming that she was not a virgin and had borne a bastard son. He was ignored, and a dispensation was secured after Burgundian bribes secured Papal acquiescence. A complex agreement was drawn up between England and Burgundy, covering mutual defence, trade, currency exchange, fishing rights and freedom of travel, all based on the marriage between the Duke and Margaret. By the terms of the marriage contract, Margaret retained her rights to the English throne, and her dowry was promised to Burgundy even if she died within the first year (often, the dowry would return to the bride's family under such circumstances). For his own part, Charles dowered Margaret with the cities of

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and Maximilian to resist the French advances any further, although the Duchy itself remained lost. Louis XI, recognising the danger Margaret posed to him, attempted to buy her off with a French pension and a promise of personally protecting her; she contemptuously refused, and instead sailed in summer 1480 to London, where she was again attended by Richard Boyville and negotiated a resumption of the Anglo-Burgundian alliance and renewed trade. Nor did she stop there in supporting Mary and Maximilian; when, on 22 July 1478, Mary gave birth to a son and heir,

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it was when he had decided for himself that it was in his best interests to oppose the Lancastrian rule of England, backed as it was by a France which had in early December 1470 been encouraged by the English situation to declare war on Burgundy. Even so, by 4 January 1471, Charles had agreed to support the King-in-exile in regaining the English throne, and this renewal of friendship between the two men was followed by Edward visiting Margaret at Hesdin until 13 January, the first time the pair had seen one another since Margaret's departure from England.

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Edward's campaign to regain the throne: it was she, for example, who replied to Isabella's questions over alleged disrespectful treatment of the Earl of Warwick, by explaining that Edward had "heard that nobody in the city believed that Warwick and his brother were dead, so he had their bodies brought to St Paul's where they were laid out and uncovered from the chest upwards in the sight of everybody." Edward IV was successfully restored;

928: 589:), with gold Cs and Ms, entwined with lovers' knots. Though it seems to have been made some years earlier, Margaret wore this crown at her wedding to Charles the Bold in Bruges in 1468. Its original leather case still bears traces of old gilt. The initials CM as well as the coats of arms of York and Burgundy are again found on the lid. The rest of the case is decorated with tendrils and small dragons embossed in the leather. 920:, Louis XI had rumours spread that the child was, in fact, a girl. Margaret, who was standing godmother to the child, matter-of-factly disproved the rumour: as the Christening party left the church of St Donat, she conclusively proved that the child was an undoubted male, by undressing him and presenting him to the assembled crowd. In 1480, the next child of Mary and Maximilian was a girl: the Duke and Duchess named her 848:

the most senior members of the House of Lancaster, and had a good claim to the English throne; this claim she legally transferred to Charles in July, which would allow Charles later that year to officially claim the English throne, despite the fact that his brother-in-law was the Yorkist King of England. However, Charles chose not to press the claim, finding it more to his advantage to maintain his support of Edward IV.

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credit had been undermined by Louis, and Burgundian trade was choked by French embargoes. By 1476, the Duke was regarded as a tyrant by his people, who were suffering from the French refusal to export their wine and bread to Burgundy, and who dreaded his terrible reprisals against rebels being unleashed on them. In 1476, he arranged for his daughter and heiress, Mary, to be betrothed to

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and pleased with her manners and virtues". A capable ruler, she proved a masterful Duchess; she was a Yorkist in sympathies, but she was before that the Duchess of Burgundy. She bore no male heir to succeed to Burgundy, but she preserved it from ruin; to her actions can be ascribed the survival of the Burgundian state, and the prevention of French dominance in Europe.

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her to demonstrate her wry humour, her wit, and her graciousness. In appearance, she was utterly unlike the dark and burly Duke Charles the Bold, who was shorter than her: when they met for the first time, she was forced to bend in order to receive his kiss. But her intelligence was keen, and her will strong; she made a worthy bride for the Duke in nature.

419:. This made Margaret a far more valuable bride than she had been as the mere daughter of a duke. Because of this, Charles sent his close advisor, Guillaume de Clugny, to London weeks after the death of his wife, to propose to Edward IV a marriage between himself and Margaret. Edward responded warmly, and in spring 1466 sent his brother-in-law, 498:, had turned against Edward IV, and was plotting against him with French support. Edward in such circumstances needed the support of Charles, and provided no further obstacles to the marriage negotiations, formally agreeing to it in October 1467. Negotiations between the Duke's mother, Isabella, and the King of England's in-laws, 534:

her bridegroom's mother, Isabella, and daughter, Mary; the meeting was a success, and the three of them would remain close friends for the rest of their lives. On 27 June, she met Charles for the first time, and the pair were privately married between 5am and 6am on 3 July, in the house of a wealthy merchant of

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the traditional courtly games of love, telling Maximilian before the assembled nobility that his bride "had about her a carnation it behoved him to discover." The carnation duly proved to be in the Duchess's bodice, from which Maximilian carefully removed it. The pair were married the next day, on 18 August.

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With her husband's family, she got on excellently: she became a mother figure to her step-daughter, Mary, who shared Margaret's interests in reading, riding, hunting, and falconry; her mother-in-law, Isabella of Portugal, said of Margaret that she was "well pleased with the sight of this lovely lady,

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Burgundy was far from safe: the Duchy of Burgundy itself had already been conquered by the French, who were continuing to attack from all sides, taking advantage of the state's instability. Margaret now moved to secure military support from her brother, Edward IV; he sent enough support to allow Mary

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She strongly advised Mary to accept Maximilian's suit and marry him immediately; he arrived in Burgundy on 5 August 1477, and by 17 August had arrived at Ten Waele Castle, in Ghent. He met Mary there—they were both "pale as death", but found each other to their mutual liking—and Margaret took part in

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It was in the wake of her husband's death that Margaret proved truly invaluable to Burgundy. She had always been regarded as a skillful and intelligent politician; now, she went beyond even that. To her step-daughter, Mary, now Duchess of Burgundy, she gave guidance and help using her own experiences

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from the North Sea to the Mediterranean; to accomplish this, he warred continuously with his neighbours, who responded by allying against him. Meanwhile, Louis XI had proved masterful at destabilising the Burgundian State: Edward IV had been detached from his alliance, Charles' reputation and banking

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By this time, Isabella's health was beginning to fail; in June 1471, she drew up her will, in which she bequeathed her favourite residence of La-Motte-au-Bois to Margaret. Yet, at the same time, Isabella and Charles struck against Margaret's family: with Henry VI and his son dead, Isabella was one of

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Her brother's overthrow lessened Margaret's dynastic worth; this, together with regard for her brother, made her plead passionately to her husband that he support Edward and make measures to restore him. Nonetheless, her husband paid little attention to her begging; when he decided to support Edward,

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A good-looking woman, but (rarely for the hyperbole of her age) never described as beautiful, Margaret had fine features, and was, at almost 6 feet, very tall, a feature accentuated by her slimness, and her straight and upright bearing. Her eyes were grey, and her mouth was small; her smile allowed

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By this time, Margaret had already suffered more personal tragedies. Her brother, the Duke of Clarence, had been executed by Edward IV in 1478; Edward himself had died of illness in 1483 and finally, her younger brother Richard, who took the throne as Richard III was in 1485 killed at the Battle of

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Margaret was however dealt a devastating blow in 1482: her much-loved step-daughter, Mary, fell from her horse whilst hunting, and broke her back. The injuries were fatal, and Mary died on 27 March. From a personal point of view, this was a harsh blow to Margaret; politically, Mary's death weakened

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In August 1469, Edward IV temporarily lost power, when his brother the Duke of Clarence and the Earl of Warwick rebelled and took the King into custody; Charles was forced to intercede on the part of his brother-in-law, ordering the London merchants to swear loyalty to Edward under threat of losing

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During this time, Louis XI did all he could to prevent the marriage, demanding that the Pope refuse to give a dispensation for the marriage (the pair were cousins in the fourth degree), promising trade favours to the English, undermining Edward's credit with the international bankers to prevent him

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had invited to become their King. Peter was himself a nephew of Duchess Isabella of Burgundy, and the betrothal thus signified an attempt to placate Burgundy. It was not to be, however; worn out by illness, disappointments, sorrow and overwork, Peter died on 29 June 1466, leaving Margaret available

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on 23 June 1468. Lord Scales and Richard Boyville were among those who escorted her to meet her future bridegroom. Despite Louis XI having ordered his ships to seize her on her journey, her convoy crossed without incident, reaching Sluys on the evening of the 25th. The following day, she met with

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The marriage contract was completed in February 1468, and signed by Edward IV in March. The Papal dispensation arrived in late May, and preparations to send Margaret to Burgundy began. There was little enthusiasm for it outside Burgundy – the French naturally detested this union between their two

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By April 1471, Edward was back in England: Margaret followed events carefully, requesting meticulous details of events in England, and was pleased to note the reconciliation between her brothers George and Edward. She also provided her mother-in-law, Isabella, with information on the progress of

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This was not the end of the problems for Margaret and Maximilian: the Netherlanders still disliked his rule of the territory. In 1488, he was taken prisoner in Bruges by the citizens. Margaret called on the emperor for help. Later he was released after making concessions and also because Bruges

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in a golden litter drawn by white horses, wearing upon her head a coronet. During this procession, she charmed the burghers of Bruges when she chose to wave to them rather than shut herself away from the wind and rain. In the city itself, wine spurted freely from sculpted archers and artificial

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Margaret died on 23 November 1503, at the age of 57, shortly after the return of her step-grandson, Philip the Handsome, to Burgundy. Her death in that year allowed her to be spared the grief of Philip's untimely death of typhoid fever in 1506. She was buried in the Church of the Cordeliers in

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the Burgundian state further. The Burgundians were now sick of war, and unwilling to accept the rule of Maximilian as regent for his son, the 4-year-old Duke Philip, or even as guardian of the children. They forced his hand: on 23 December 1482, the Three Estates of the Lowlands signed the

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in Ireland. Warbeck was probably an imposter and would be locked up in the Tower of London and subsequently executed by Henry VII. Henry in fact found Margaret undoubtedly problematic, but there was little he could do since she was protected by her step-son-in-law Maximilian.

348:. She believed that Burgundian trade, from which the Burgundian State drew its vast wealth, depended upon friendly relations with England. For this reason she was prepared to favour any English faction which was willing to favour Burgundy. By 1454, she favoured the 804:, an honour which would have made Charles guilty of treason against Louis XI had he accepted it; although the Dowager Duchess Isabella warned her son to refuse the offer, which he did, giving Louis XI an excuse for further machinations against Burgundy. 1862:

Margaret of York, Simon Marmion, and The Visions of Tondal: Papers Delivered at a Symposium Organized by the Department of Manuscripts of the J. Paul Getty Museum in collaboration with the Huntington Library and Art Collections, June 21–24,

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their trading rights in Burgundy, a threat that proved successful. But the next year, Margaret was left despairing when Clarence and Warwick supported a French-backed Lancastrian invasion of England: although she, together with her mother

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Briefly joined the Lancastrians. Briefly joined the Yorkists. Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim.

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The marriage did not take place immediately, however. Continued talks were required, particularly since Charles was unwilling to marry his only child and potential heiress to George, Duke of Clarence, and these talks were undertaken by

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By 1477, Margaret's position as Duchess of Burgundy was no longer as brilliant as it had been: after Isabella's death in 1471, Charles had become increasingly tyrannical and grandiose, dreaming of assembling a new Kingdom of

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Charles wore an equally splendid but no doubt larger crown, accompanied by a golden gown encrusted with diamonds, pearls and great jewels. The parades, the streets lined with tapestry hung from houses, the feasting, the

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pelicans in artificial trees; the canals were decorated with torches, and the bridges decked with flowers; the arms of the happy couple were displayed everywhere, accompanied by the mottoes of the pair: Charles's

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Because of this, when the Duke of York came to power in 1453–1454, during Henry VI's first period of insanity, negotiations were made between himself and Isabella for a marriage between Charles the Bold, then

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in the court of Edward IV, where she had largely avoided being used as a pawn and contributed to the arrangement of her own marriage; against the wave of marriage offers that flooded to the two duchesses in

423:, to Burgundy, where Scales made a formal offer of Margaret's hand in marriage to Charles, and put forward Edward's own proposal of a reciprocal marriage between Charles' daughter Mary and Edward's brother, 960:. Maximilian brokered a personal peace with Louis by arranging for his daughter, Margaret, to be betrothed to the young Dauphin of France; she was sent to be raised at the French court, taking with her the 380:, and one of York's unmarried daughters, of whom the 8-year-old Margaret was the youngest. The negotiations petered out, however, due to power struggles in England, and the preference of Charles's father, 799:

were all impressed by her intelligence and capability. Less valuable, perhaps, were the family connections she brought. In May 1469, her brother, Edward IV, attempted to present Charles the Bold with the

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enemies, whilst the English merchants, who still suffered from restrictions on the sale of their cloth in England, showed their disapproval by attacking Dutch and Flemish merchants amongst them.

812:, attempted to reconcile Clarence and Edward IV, the rebellion continued, and on 2 October 1470 the Lancastrians were returned to power and Edward had fled to Margaret and Charles in Burgundy. 1007:, even going so far as to acknowledge Warbeck as her nephew, the younger son of Edward IV, the Duke of York. She offered financial backing to support his attempt to take the throne, hiring 1152:. The book begins with Margaret mourning her father and brother and continues through her marriage and the aftermath of her husband's death. She also features in Easter Smith's 2009 3455: 545:

The celebrations that followed were extravagant even by the standards of the Burgundians, who were already noted for their opulence and generous festivities. The bride made her

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did not want an alliance between Burgundy and England, his two greatest enemies. Louis accordingly tried to break the two apart, by offering the hand of his elder daughter,

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Although the marriage produced no children, Margaret proved a valuable asset to Burgundy. Immediately after her wedding, she journeyed with her step-daughter Mary through

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in 1475. Today the statue, placed next to the altar in the cathedral, wears the crown on festive days. In 1475 a matching crown was fashioned for the child.

2108: 1910:, from the library of Margaret of York (Malibu, J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992). For a fuller account of her manuscripts and patronage, see Thomas Kren, ed., 372:, and was herself an enemy of the Burgundians. The Duke of York, by contrast, shared Burgundy's enmity towards the French, and preferred the Burgundians. 581:

When the Duke and Duchess appeared there, both wore magnificent crowns. Margaret's crown was adorned with pearls, and with enamelled white roses for the

3324: 956:. Margaret was unable to secure assistance from Edward IV, who had made a truce with France; consequently, she and Maximilian were forced to accept the 3329: 3069: 2353: 2054: 333: 3309: 424: 2338: 2333: 976: 3390: 3385: 3375: 2482: 2452: 2348: 2258: 2143: 1647: 1530: 471:, to Margaret. Edward showed interest in the latter two propositions, offending Charles the Bold, and delaying the Anglo-Burgundian relations. 570: 2964: 2373: 2323: 2318: 2263: 1871: 1824: 1346: 558:("May good come of it"). The celebrations also included the "Tournament of the Golden Tree" that was arranged around an elaborately detailed 495: 393: 178: 2959: 2781: 2512: 2507: 2462: 2278: 2273: 1320: 3119: 840:, the son and heir of Henry VI, had died in battle, and Henry VI, who had been briefly restored, died or was murdered in his cell in the 3435: 3380: 3370: 2567: 2472: 2388: 2378: 1440: 1262: 3219: 2398: 2303: 1099: 620: 503: 499: 448: 420: 3450: 3445: 2522: 2477: 2363: 2358: 2308: 2298: 2061: 1382: 905: 716: 690: 353: 312: 286: 31: 1107:(late 1473 – early 1474), has a specially made engraving showing Caxton presenting the book to Margaret. The volume is now in the 1763: 3400: 2467: 2447: 2288: 1961: 1161: 921: 885: 858: 3420: 3415: 3114: 2774: 2733: 2293: 2101: 1585: 1504: 1199: 809: 908:

to whom Charles the Bold had betrothed Mary, was ambitious and active enough, in Margaret's opinion, to defend Mary's legacy.

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Of the many illuminated manuscripts commissioned by Margaret when she was Duchess of Burgundy, one of the most celebrated is

694: 290: 904:) she stood firm and advised Mary to marry Maximilian of Austria. Maximilian, the 18-year-old son of the Holy Roman Emperor 877: 3405: 3395: 3319: 2667: 2587: 2492: 2418: 2283: 652: 2572: 2497: 1742: 1205: 475: 3129: 2708: 596:, or on top of piled-up hair. It may always have been intended to be presented at some point after the coronation as a 3280: 2906: 2627: 2368: 2313: 2268: 64: 1111:, San Marino, California. This "patronage" may be more advertising than analogous to traditional medieval patronage. 3174: 3030: 2984: 2755: 2592: 2487: 2328: 2094: 1859:

Beroles, Albert (16 July 1992). "A Renaissance Manuscript in the Hands of Margaret of York". In Thomas Kren (ed.).

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set between red, green and white enamelled letters of the Latinization of her name ("Margarita de York",

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The crown is much too small to fit around a head, and was probably intended to be worn around a pointed

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Young Margaret of York in a drawing by Jacques de Boucq (1520-1573) taken from a contemporary portrait.

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By 1467, the situation had changed again. Philip the Good had died, and Charles the Bold had become

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to accompany him on an expedition to England in 1495. Warbeck suffered a significant defeat at the

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Burgundian Netherlands court life, reflected in collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

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two weeks later. The two deaths brought to an end the direct line of the House of Lancaster.

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Margaret, being a useful bargaining tool to her family, was still unmarried at age 19, when

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Margaret's donation of the crown to Aachen spared it the fate of much royal regalia in the

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Margaret of York before the resurrected Christ, c. 1468, from her copy of Nicolas Finet's

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Blockmans, Wim (16 July 1992). "The devotion of a lonely duchess". In Thomas Kren (ed.).

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Gilded statue of Margaret of York, supporting Mary of Burgundy, on the façade of the

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about Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy, she was portrayed by French actress

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supporter, counted Margaret as one of his patrons. A presentation copy of

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and allegorical entertainments, the jewels, impressed all observers as "

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containing Margaret's arms as Duchess of Burgundy (click for detail)

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by Simon Marmion- a companion book to "The Visions of Tondal",

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died in September 1465. She had borne Charles only a daughter,

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See Rutter, Russell. "William Caxton and Literary Patronage."

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royal English crowns still surviving, the other being the

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Little Guide to the Treasury of Aachen Cathedral, English

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Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV (1477–85), page 217.

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in Germany. Margaret's crown can still be seen in the

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Demand, Ursula, Ulrike Paschell, and Ulrike Schulte.

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England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century

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For other duchesses of Burgundy named Margaret, see

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London: Smith, Elder & Co. 975:Miniature of Margaret praying in front of the 39:Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy (disambiguation) 3456:Children of Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York 3195:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 2782: 2102: 30:For other people named Margaret of York, see 8: 1289:Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge 474:Instead, in 1466, Margaret was betrothed to 459:, to Charles, that of his younger daughter, 697:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 293:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3251: 3237: 3016: 3002: 2823: 2809: 2789: 2775: 2767: 2156: 2109: 2095: 2087: 2003: 1243: 1234: 344:, she was consequently sympathetic to the 223:, and the sister of two kings of England, 52: 43: 1846: 1203:(not to be confused with its predecessor 717:Learn how and when to remove this message 313:Learn how and when to remove this message 1209:), she was portrayed by English actress 1039:William Caxton presenting an imprint of 970: 554:("I have undertaken it") and Margaret's 2339:Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland 2334:Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland 1734: 207:from 1468 to 1477 as the third wife of 58:Portrait by anonymous painter, ca. 1468 2259:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales 1601: 1531:Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland 1484: 1480: 1470: 1362: 1252: 1248: 1216:In the 2017 German-Austrian TV series 1169:where Margaret is killed on behalf of 604:. Margaret presented the crown to the 152: 2354:Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham 2329:Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg 2269:Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset 2264:Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset 2254:Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England 1677: 1667: 1663: 1651: 1645: 1635: 1619: 1609: 1605: 1589: 1583: 1573: 1560: 1550: 1546: 1534: 1528: 1518: 1502: 1492: 1488: 1464: 1454: 1438: 1428: 1424: 1412: 1406: 1396: 1380: 1370: 1366: 1350: 1347:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York 1344: 1334: 1318: 1308: 1304: 1292: 1286: 1276: 1260: 1256: 179:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York 27:Duchess of Burgundy from 1468 to 1477 18:Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy 7: 2508:George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence 1622:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 695:adding citations to reliable sources 441:Dialogue de la duchesse de Bourgogne 291:adding citations to reliable sources 3330:María Teresa Mestre y Batista-Falla 2503:Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland 2389:Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford 2249:Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England 1779:. The Hambledon Press. p. 156. 1263:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 144: 3220:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily 2483:Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury 2453:Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond 2349:Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham 1866:. Getty Publications. p. 33. 1819:. Getty Publications. p. 33. 1128:(a facsimile has been published). 1100:Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye 1041:Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye 882:Mary the Rich, Duchess of Burgundy 623:. It thus remains one of only two 467:, and that of his brother-in-law, 449:Anthony, Grand Bastard of Burgundy 25: 2458:William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke 2374:George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury 2319:John Neville, Marquess of Montagu 1383:Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March 1165:, there is a contract mission in 740:, Margaret of York's husband, by 32:Margaret of York (disambiguation) 3289: 3049: 2861: 2751: 2750: 2513:Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon 2463:William Hastings, Baron Hastings 2448:John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln 2432: 2324:Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick 2279:Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset 2274:John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont 2238: 2227: 2211: 2201: 2191: 2181: 2171: 1962:Dictionary of National Biography 1103:, the first book printed in the 1085:, who introduced the new art of 944:with Louis XI, granting him the 667: 496:Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick 463:, to Edward's youngest brother, 356:. Although the King of England, 263: 3310:Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau 2734:Second Cornish uprising of 1497 2473:Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell 2379:John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury 1505:John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville 810:Cecily, Dowager Duchess of York 562:, designed to honor the bride. 352:, headed by Margaret's father, 140: 3325:Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium 3155:Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy 2694:Issue of Edward III of England 2443:Anne Neville, Queen of England 2404:Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke 2399:Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond 1: 3391:16th-century English nobility 3386:15th-century English nobility 3376:15th-century English painters 2668:Stafford and Lovell rebellion 2493:William Neville, Earl of Kent 2478:John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk 2419:Edward Woodville, Lord Scales 2364:George Stanley, Baron Strange 2359:Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby 2309:Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter 2304:John Courtenay, Earl of Devon 2299:John Clifford, Baron Clifford 2284:John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley 1906:Thomas Kren and Roger Wieck, 1238:Ancestors of Margaret of York 1162:Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood 993:Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond 924:, after the dowager Duchess. 653:Procession of the Golden Tree 2568:Siege of the Tower of London 2468:John Howard, Duke of Norfolk 2289:James Butler, Earl of Ormond 1952:"Margaret (1446-1503)" 771:, visiting the great towns: 751:Illuminated manuscript with 425:George, 1st Duke of Clarence 334:Duchess Isabella of Burgundy 148: 74:9 July 1468 – 5 January 1477 3281:Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont 2907:Margaret, Countess of Blois 2628:1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion 2314:John Neville, Baron Neville 2294:John Butler, Earl of Ormond 649:the marriage of the century 600:for a famous statue of the 574:Crown of Margaret of York, 465:Richard, Duke of Gloucester 65:Duchess consort of Burgundy 3472: 3436:Daughters of English dukes 3381:16th-century English women 3371:15th-century English women 3205:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 3175:Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska 3031:Joanna, Duchess of Brabant 2985:Joanna, Duchess of Brabant 2394:James Tuchet, Baron Audley 1944:The Golden Age of Burgundy 1595: 1482: 1356: 1250: 825:Basilica of the Holy Blood 529:Margaret left Margate for 390:Charles I, Duke of Bourbon 36: 29: 3287: 3250: 3243:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 3236: 3047: 3015: 3001: 2859: 2828:Elder House of Luxembourg 2822: 2808: 2744: 2124: 2070: 2059: 2046: 2041: 2006: 1665: 1657: 1629: 1607: 1603: 1567: 1548: 1540: 1512: 1490: 1486: 1448: 1426: 1418: 1390: 1368: 1364: 1328: 1306: 1298: 1270: 1254: 637:Aachen Cathedral Treasury 629:Crown of Princess Blanche 576:Aachen Cathedral Treasury 566:Crown of Margaret of York 354:Richard, 3rd Duke of York 217:Richard, 3rd Duke of York 51: 3451:House of Valois-Burgundy 3446:People from Fotheringhay 3300:House of Nassau-Weilburg 3060:House of Valois-Burgundy 1949:Gairdner, James (1893). 1031:Legacy and personal life 1020:failed to take Waterford 538:. Charles then left for 215:. She was a daughter of 3401:Duchesses of Luxembourg 3271:Anna Pavlovna of Russia 2709:Bonville–Courtenay feud 1183:The Shadow of the Tower 962:Free County of Burgundy 3421:Countesses of Flanders 3416:Countesses of Burgundy 3320:Felix of Bourbon-Parma 3315:Marie Anne of Portugal 3256:House of Orange-Nassau 3130:Marie Louise d'Orléans 2843:Clementia of Aquitaine 2658:Buckingham's rebellion 2638:Readeption of Henry VI 1079: 1071:Illustrated page from 1064: 1054:Illuminated page from 1047: 983: 936: 888: 832: 756: 744: 587:m ar ga ri ta de yo rk 578: 482:, whom the rebellious 443: 330: 3431:Countesses of Hainaut 3426:Countesses of Holland 3411:Duchesses of Burgundy 3276:Sophie of Württemberg 3266:Wilhelmine of Prussia 3135:Maria Anna of Neuburg 2897:House of Hohenstaufen 2853:Ermengarde of Zutphen 2344:Thomas Ros, Baron Ros 2129:Red Rose of Lancaster 1938:The Holy Roman Empire 1908:The Visions of Tondal 1897:84.4 (1987): 440–470. 1124:and currently in the 1117:The Visions of Tondal 1070: 1057:The Visions of Tondal 1053: 1043:to Margaret of York. 1038: 974: 968:with her as a dowry. 930: 886:Maximilian of Austria 880: 859:Maximilian of Austria 838:Edward of Westminster 822: 750: 742:Rogier van der Weyden 732: 573: 480:Constable of Portugal 438: 417:Edward of Westminster 370:Charles VII of France 328: 3406:Duchesses of Limburg 3396:Duchesses of Brabant 3215:Maria Luisa of Spain 3165:House of Wittelsbach 3100:Isabella of Portugal 3070:Isabella of Portugal 2980:Anna von Schweidnitz 2960:Elizabeth of Bohemia 2882:Laurette of Flanders 2848:Mathilde of Northeim 2719:Neville–Neville feud 2704:Princes in the Tower 2055:Isabella of Portugal 2021:House of Plantagenet 2018:Cadet branch of the 1895:Studies in Philology 1140:In fiction and media 691:improve this section 287:improve this section 201:Margaret of Burgundy 3120:Elisabeth of France 3110:Elisabeth of Valois 2965:Beatrice of Bourbon 2955:Margaret of Brabant 2950:Beatrice of Avesnes 2815:County of Luxemburg 2498:Sir Richard Herbert 1321:Isabella of Castile 946:Burgundian Lowlands 902:Elizabeth Woodville 802:Order of the Garter 753:historiated initial 659:Duchess of Burgundy 409:Battle of Wakefield 401:Isabella of Bourbon 386:Isabella of Bourbon 233:Fotheringhay Castle 205:Duchess of Burgundy 89:Fotheringhay Castle 3125:Mariana of Austria 3008:Duchy of Luxemburg 2714:Percy–Neville feud 2593:St Albans (Second) 2488:Sir Thomas Neville 2134:White Rose of York 2075:Title last held by 2051:Title last held by 1942:Calmette, Joseph, 1929:Isabel of Burgundy 1680:Katherine Swynford 1200:The White Princess 1186:she was played by 1159:In the video game 1146:A Daughter of York 1109:Huntington Library 1093:and was a staunch 1091:Kingdom of England 1080: 1065: 1048: 1045:Huntington Library 984: 954:county of Boulogne 937: 889: 833: 757: 745: 608:during a visit to 606:Church of Our Lady 579: 444: 388:, the daughter of 378:Count of Charolais 346:House of Lancaster 331: 241:Kingdom of England 3346: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3185:House of Habsburg 3105:Mary I of England 3095:Joanna of Castile 3085:House of Habsburg 3036:Joanna of Bavaria 2997: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2970:Blanche of Valois 2887:Agnes of Guelders 2838:Hedwig of Nordgau 2764: 2763: 2543:St Albans (First) 2531: 2530: 2409:Margaret Beaufort 2118:Wars of the Roses 2085: 2084: 2079:Joanna of Castile 2008:Margaret of York 1998:Anne Easter Smith 1927:Taylor, Aline S, 1914:, Simon Marmion). 1873:978-0-89236-204-2 1826:978-0-89236-204-2 1745:. 1 December 2021 1725: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1150:Anne Easter Smith 1120:, illustrated by 997:Elizabeth of York 977:St. Gudula church 727: 726: 719: 617:English Civil War 394:Agnes of Burgundy 368:'s bitter enemy, 364:, was a niece of 362:Margaret of Anjou 323: 322: 315: 194: 193: 16:(Redirected from 3463: 3293: 3252: 3238: 3145:House of Bourbon 3075:Margaret of York 3053: 3021:House of Limburg 3017: 3003: 2935:House of Limburg 2865: 2824: 2810: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2768: 2754: 2753: 2588:Mortimer's Cross 2518:Margaret of York 2436: 2242: 2231: 2215: 2205: 2195: 2185: 2175: 2157: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2088: 2037: 2036:23 November 1503 2030: 2004: 1993:Daughter of York 1977:Margaret of York 1966: 1954: 1915: 1912:Margaret of York 1904: 1898: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1794: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1775:Armstrong, CAJ. 1772: 1766: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1739: 1467:Margaret of York 1441:Alianore Holland 1409:Anne de Mortimer 1244: 1235: 1154:The King's Grace 1105:English language 966:County of Artois 738:Duke of Burgundy 734:Charles the Bold 722: 715: 711: 708: 702: 671: 663: 556:Bien en aviengne 492:Duke of Burgundy 469:Philip of Bresse 338:Charles the Bold 336:, the mother of 318: 311: 307: 304: 298: 267: 259: 237:Northamptonshire 213:Burgundian State 209:Charles the Bold 197:Margaret of York 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 129:Charles the Bold 109: 106:23 November 1503 93:Northamptonshire 56: 47:Margaret of York 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1586:Cecily Neville 1582: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561:13. Maud Percy 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1240: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1211:Joanne Whalley 1188:Rachel Kempson 1141: 1138: 1083:William Caxton 1032: 1029: 1016:Battle of Deal 1005:Perkin Warbeck 1001:Lambert Simnel 931:The palace at 874: 871: 725: 724: 675: 673: 666: 660: 657: 567: 564: 432: 429: 321: 320: 271: 269: 262: 256: 253: 243:, she died at 221:Cecily Neville 192: 191: 189:Cecily Neville 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 166: 160: 159: 136: 132: 127: 126: 124: 120: 119: 110:(aged 57) 104: 100: 99: 84: 80: 79: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 61: 60: 57: 49: 48: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3468: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3441:House of York 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3349: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3235: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3150: 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