186:, on several field excursions, including one trip to Niagara Falls, and learned how to make scientific descriptions and drawings of plants and animals. In the 1830s Audubon was a guest at the Bachman household during a trip to study bird species in the South. During his stay, Audubon encouraged Martin in her drawing and tutored her in natural illustration. After realizing Martin's artistic talent, Audubon supplied her with paint brushes and other art materials, and advice on how to use them to develop her talents. He spoke highly of her work in letters to John Bachman, stating in one letter "Miss Martin, with her superior talents, assists us greatly in the way of drawing; the insects she has drawn are, perhaps, the best I've seen."
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Martin's mother
Rebecca Martin had learned from her second marriage that her husband could easily take legal ownership of her property and finances. To avoid losing her property to a future husband, Rebecca had a âMarriage Settlementâ drawn before marrying Jacob Martin, her third husband. When Martin
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Maria Martin
Bachman was born July 6, 1796, in Charleston, South Carolina just two and half weeks after the âGreat Fire of 1796â that destroyed many of the buildings and houses in the center of the city. Martin was the youngest of the four surviving children (Eliza, Harriet, and Jane) born to
236:
Two years after Martin joined the
Bachman family, Harriet died and left Martin the de facto matriarch of the household. Within two years of living as aunt to the children and sister-in-law to Reverend Bachman, Martin drafted her own marriage settlement and married her brother-in-law Reverend John
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In 1845, Martin moved into
Reverend John and Harriet Bachman's house to help her sister Harriet raise her nine surviving children. Harriet was weakened emotionally and physically from consumption and the 14 pregnancies she brought to term between 1816 and 1832. Martin was placed in charge of
286:. The website acknowledges Martin as being known for her paintings of the detailed natural habitats in Audubon's works, as well as her "combination of scientific accuracy and artistic judgement." The exhibition ran from September 14, 2018, to June 23, 2019, in the Charleston Museum lobby.
193:. Over the course of five years, Martin assisted on volumes 2 and 4 the book. She was not paid for this work. Audubon credited Martin with nine illustrations, but it is thought that she contributed to at least 30. Martin also provided illustrations to
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prints. The website released an article titled "Meet
Audubonâs Assistant Painter: Maria Martin Bachman", acknowledging Maria Martin's contributions to the work. The article states that Audubon acknowledged Martin's contributions to nine of the
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was 17 years old her father Jacob left the family to relocate to
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with his mistress. Her mother's foresight allowed Rebecca to retain ownership of her houses and four slaves when her husband left.
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overseeing the religious and moral education of her nieces and nephews. Martin dedicated her life to the
Bachman family ensuring the household maintained order while her sister remained bedridden and dying from consumption.
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is discussed in a letter from John
Bachman to John J. Audubon, saying Martin "knocks to the right and left with your articles and mine--lops off, corrects, criticizes, abuses and praises by turn" and "she does wonders".
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Bachman whom she remained dedicated wife and business partner throughout her life. She left
Charleston for Columbia, South Carolina in 1861 due to the Civil War, and remained there until her death in 1863.
865:
Bonta, M.M., Women in the Field: America's
Pioneering Women Naturalists. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1991, Chapter 2, Maria Martin: Audubon's Sweetheart.
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823:"Martin, Maria." Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. Charles Reagan Wilson and William Ferris, eds. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
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household, Maria Martin and her sisters were raised to be âGod fearing, responsible adultsâ and trained âin the liberal arts and honourable mannersâ.
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Edwards, Holbrook, John; S., Cichowski; S, Duval, Peter; S., Duval, Peter; J., Sera; Lithrs, Lehman & Duval (30 September 2018).
208:, a collaboration between Bachman and Audubon, and later Audubon's son John Woodhouse Audubon. The importance of her contribution to
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Van Nostrand, J. S.; Bachman, J. H. (1942-12-01). "Audubon's Ill-Fated Western Journey: Recalled by the Diary of J. H. Bachman".
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This exhibition displays some Audubon double-elephant-folio prints, as well as her personal work that was not included in
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136:(1845â48). Bachman was the only woman of the three principal assistants that Audubon employed at the time.
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Lindsay, Debra J. 2018. Maria Martin's World: Art and Science, Faith and Family in Audubon's America. The
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820:"Martin, Maria". EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica. 2007. EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica Online. Accessed 7 March 2007
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Bannon, L.E., Handbook of Audubon Prints. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Co., Inc., 1980.
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Maria Martin's world : art & science, faith & family in Audubon's America
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Kohlstedt, Sally Gregory (1984). Arnold, Lois Barber (ed.). "Scientific Educations".
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Scientific illustration of flora and insects, particularly for John James Audubon's
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Audubon went on to ask Martin to assist with paintings for his definitive book
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685:"Meet Audubon's Assistant Painter: Maria Martin Bachman | Behind The Scenes"
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Ford, A., John James Audubon: A Biography. New York: Abbeville Press, 1988.
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800:"Preserving Natures' Beauty Exhibit | Charleston Museum | Charleston, SC"
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358:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p.
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735:"Audubon's Aviary: The Final Flight (Part III of The Complete Flock)"
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prints, but it is thought she collaborated on over 30 of the prints.
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Four Lives in Science: Women's Education in the Nineteenth Century
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Notable American Women, 1607â1950 : A Biographical Dictionary
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makers that owned two houses with household slaves. Raised in a
650:. Studio Publications in association with Crowell. p. 82.
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122:. She contributed many of the background paintings for
710:"What is "The Viviparous Quadrupeds Of North America""
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Had I the Wings: The Friendship of Bachman and Audubon
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American Women in Science:A Biographical Dictionary
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280:Preserving Nature's Beauty: The Art of Herbaria.
246:New-York Historical Society Museum & Library
648:Audubon's Butterflies, Moths, and Other Studies
537:"Martin, Maria - South Carolina Encyclopedia"
204:Martin also assisted John Bachman in editing
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673:. Boston MA: G.K. Hall & Co. p. 67.
518:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
105:Maria (/mÉËaÉŞÉ/ mah-RYE-uh) Martin Bachman
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206:The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America
107:(3 July 1796 – 27 December 1863) of
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224:) Maria's Woodpecker, in Martin's honor.
16:For other people named Maria Martin, see
923:Artists from Charleston, South Carolina
714:John James Audubon Center at Mill Grove
669:Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer (1982).
568:. University of Georgia Press. p.
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216:John J. Audubon named a variety of the
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175:by Maria Martin as published in
257:featuring all 435 of Audubon's
350:James, Edward T., ed. (1974).
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933:American women watercolorists
877:Letters of John James Audubon
453:Debra, Lindsay (2018-02-27).
274:Martin is highlighted in the
18:Maria Martin (disambiguation)
834:Arnold, Lois Barber (1984).
610:10.1126/science.224.4650.728
197:for publication in his work
903:American women illustrators
887:University of Alabama Press
541:South Carolina Encyclopedia
331:. History of American Women
255:New-York Historical Society
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413:"Maria Martin (1796-1863)"
383:Bailey, Martha J. (1994).
199:North American Herpetology
177:North American Herpetology
109:Charleston, South Carolina
59:Charleston, South Carolina
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842:. New York, NY: Shocken.
329:History of American Women
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804:www.charlestonmuseum.org
253:is an exhibition at the
77:Columbia, South Carolina
928:American watercolorists
868:Coffin, Annie Roulhac,
506:biodiversitylibrary.org
671:American Women Artists
325:"Maria Martin Bachman"
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120:scientific illustrator
875:Corning, Howard, ed.
584:maria martin bachman.
417:www.sierracollege.edu
270:The Charleston Museum
195:John Edwards Holbrook
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646:Ford, Alice (1952).
560:Shuler, Jay (1995).
191:The Birds of America
129:The Birds of America
27:Maria Martin Bachman
856:Bachman, C.L., ed.
111:, was an American
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753:California History
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172:Coluber elapsoides
124:John James Audubon
858:John Bachman D.D.
689:Behind The Scenes
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