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The increasingly hostile leftists within
Luxembourg seized on every excuse to discredit their royal opponent. Marie Adelaide was of German blood; she had agreed to her sister’s betrothal to a German prince; she went to the funeral of an elderly relative in Germany; she had received the Kaiser in her
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members and did not have a majority in the
Chamber. Marie-Adélaïde ordered the Chamber dissolved and new elections held on 23 December 1915. This action was permissible under the Constitution, but regarded as unconventional, and provoked an outcry and long-term resentment among the socialists and
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It is my desire to judge according to the requirements of justice and equity which will inspire all of my acts. The law and general interest will only guide me. Judging fairly: it is not merely equal justice for all, but a protective justice for the poor and weak. The growing economic inequality
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Marie-Adélaïde and the government refrained from further opposing the German invasion, which spared the population of the Grand Duchy from military conflict on its soil, and resulted in the
Germans leaving the Luxembourgish state intact during the occupation. During the war, Marie-Adélaïde, her
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Consider it, gentlemen, as a happy moment for the future of the country, the fact that the Grand
Duchess Marie-Adélaïde is the first of our sovereigns to have been born on the Grand Ducal soil, the first to have been raised there, and who, from her earliest childhood has breathed the air of our
508:). When Germany violated Luxembourg's neutrality on August 2, on the pretext of safeguarding the railroads, Marie Adelaide and her government responded with formal protests. However, these protests proved ineffective in halting the subsequent military occupation of the country.
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after losing a vote in parliament to abolish the monarchy, a situation which was followed by public unrest in the streets requiring even the intervention of the French Army to restore order. Under intense national (and international) pressure, and after consulting with the
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Marie-Adélaïde was deeply interested in politics and took an active part in the government and the political life of the Grand Duchy in accordance with the
Luxembourgish Constitution which at that time granted the monarch extensive political powers. She was a devout
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palace (she had, in fact, only learned of his proposed visit when he was already on his way), and apparently agreed, on the advice of her prime minister and against her better judgment, to receive the German commander when he entered the country.
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led to great unpopularity in
Luxembourg as well as neighbouring France and Belgium. On the advice of Parliament and under enormous pressure from the Luxembourgish people, she abdicated on 14 January 1919 in favour of her younger sister
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in
January 1919. However, leftists wanted to do away with the monarchy in its entirety. Furthermore, Belgium sought to annex Luxembourg, a plan that was even supported by some of Marie-Adélaïde's political opponents at home.
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to declare: "The French
Government does not consider it possible to have contact or negotiations with the Government of the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, whom it considers as gravely compromised …," and French Minister
579:. The constitution was also revised. Diane Mozcar writes that "Charlotte and her successors, however, were not to wield the political power and authority previously accorded to the sovereign by the constitution."
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504:, both known for their anticlerical views. With the outbreak of World War I, Luxembourg found itself in a dangerous position, unable to defend itself from German invasion because of its neutral status (see
492:, with strong religious convictions and very conservative political views. On the day of her ascension to the throne – 25 February 1912 – she refused to sign a new law reducing the role of Roman Catholic
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between men is the greatest worry of our age. Social peace, no matter how ardently desired, remains to this day an elusive ideal. Is it not necessary to work on reconciliation and solidarity?
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Thus, when her father died on 25 February 1912, she succeeded to the throne at the age of 17, becoming the first reigning Grand
Duchess of Luxembourg. Her mother served as
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from 1912 until her abdication in 1919. She was the first Grand
Duchess regnant of Luxembourg (after five grand dukes), its first female monarch since Duchess
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After the end of the war, Luxembourg was harshly criticised by the Entente for its attitude, and the perception of the Grand Duchess as pro-German led the
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294:(1740–1780, who was also Austrian Archduchess and Holy Roman Empress) and the first Luxembourgish monarch to be born within the territory since Count
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claimed the following about the Grand Duchy: "This country has not done its duty and does not deserve to be maintained in its present state."
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sisters and their mother were personally involved in the work of the Red Cross in Luxembourg, and cared for both German and French soldiers.
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aged 29 on 24 January 1924. She had not married or had children. On 22 October 1947, her body was interred in the Grand Ducal Crypt of the
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Meanwhile, in late 1915 the Grand Duchess caused controversy by dissolving the Chamber of Deputies to solve the deadlock faced by the
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in 1907 to prevent a succession crisis due to his lack of a son, Marie-Adélaïde became Grand Duchess in 1912. She ruled through the
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native land and learnt the ideas, the aspirations and the traditions of the people to whom she has been called reign over.
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Following her abdication, Marie-Adélaïde retired to a convent in Italy, before leaving due to ill health. She died of
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Inventing Luxembourg: representations of the past, space and language from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century
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Although she had not done anything in contradiction with the Luxembourgish Constitution of 1868, voices in
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On 9 January, a group of Socialist and Liberal Luxembourgish Members of Parliament ("Deputies") publicly
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After her abdication, Marie-Adélaïde went into exile by travelling through Europe. She entered a
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until Marie-Adélaïde's eighteenth birthday on 18 June 1912, when the President of the Chamber
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within the education system. Later, in 1915, she hesitated before appointing the mayors of
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This section was translated from the same article in the German version of Knowledge.
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Since her father had six daughters and no sons, he proclaimed Marie-Adélaïde as the
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swore her in as the first Luxembourgish monarch to be born in the territory since
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286:(Marie-Adélaïde Thérèse Hilda Wilhelmine; 14 June 1894 – 24 January 1924), was
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433:) inherited in 1890 the throne of Luxembourg from the younger branch called
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Due to that same Salic Law, the elder branch of the House of Nassau, called
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Political conflict in Luxembourg, however, continued. Diane Mozcar writes:
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on 10 July 1907, in order to solve any succession crisis due to the use of
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689:, however, and she eventually had to leave the convent. She then moved to
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Marie-Adélaïde's reign saw the following Prime Ministers and Governments:
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Marie Adelheid: Lebensbild der verstorbenen Grossherzogin von Luxemburg
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363: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1248:"Marie-Adélaïde - Cour Grand-Ducale de Luxembourg - Les Souverains"
1480:(in French) at the official website of the Luxembourg royal family
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30:"Marie Adelaide of Luxembourg" redirects here. For her niece, see
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Marie Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxemburg, Duchess of Nassau
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Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848
1316:(in French). Service Information et Presse. p. 65.
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Ancestors of Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
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Luxembourgian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
1388:"Le Luxembourg durant la Première Guerre mondiale 1914"
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Marie Adelheid van Nassau, Groothertogin van Luxemburg
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Named as heiress presumptive by her father Grand Duke
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533:liberals in parliament, who saw it as resembling a
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1446:. New York: Jonathan Cape and Robert Ballou, 1932.
1683:Marie Adelaide, Countess Henckel von Donnersmarck
465:Marie-Adélaïde's own speech at the ceremony was:
325:in Germany on 24 January 1924, at the age of 29.
1955:Marie Gabrielle, Countess af Holstein-Ledreborg
1689:Marie Gabrielle, Countess af Holstein-Ledreborg
1594:Generations are numbered from the ascension of
697:, where, surrounded by her family, she died of
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1217:German occupation of Luxembourg in World War I
920:Princess Marie Luise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
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27:Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1912 to 1919
8:
1488:Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
1104:Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein
2897:20th-century deaths from infectious disease
2852:Burials at Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg
946:Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
399:Marie-Adélaïde was born on 14 June 1894 in
18:Marie Adelaide, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
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862:Prince Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau
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379:Learn how and when to remove this message
1949:Marie-Adélaïde, Countess of Donnersmarck
888:Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau
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1849:Helena, Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont
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231:Marie-Adélaïde Thérèse Hilda Wilhelmine
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1763:All princesses of Luxembourg are also
1410:Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections
1162:Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
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800:Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen
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456:(parliament) during the ceremony was:
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1920:Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis
1914:Antoinette, Crown Princess of Bavaria
1656:Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis
1651:Antoinette, Crown Princess of Bavaria
1470:Leighton, Isabel, and Bertram Bloch.
1453:. 's Hertogenbosch: G. Mosmans, 1931.
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32:Princess Marie Adelaide of Luxembourg
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1984:Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein
1718:Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein
1598:as Grand Duke of Luxembourg in 1890.
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361:adding citations to reliable sources
309:, and her perceived support for the
1978:Archduchess Marie-Astrid of Austria
1712:Archduchess Marie-Astrid of Austria
452:(1296–1346). Laval's speech to the
2827:Luxembourgian women in World War I
2023:princess of Bourbon-Parma by birth
1854:Sophia, Queen of Sweden and Norway
1773:princess of Bourbon-Parma by birth
1474:. New York: Rialto Service Bureau.
25:
2882:20th-century Luxembourgian people
1586:Princesses of Luxembourg by birth
1042:Infanta Carlota Joaquina of Spain
768:Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
677:, in 1920. Later, she joined the
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1908:Hilda, Princess of Schwarzenberg
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1646:Hilda, Princess of Schwarzenberg
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215:Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg
2015:princess of Luxembourg by birth
2001:Princess Alexandra, Mrs. Bagory
1943:Elisabeth, Duchess of Hohenberg
1735:Princess Alexandra, Mrs. Bagory
1677:Elisabeth, Duchess of Hohenberg
1467:. Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1938.
1364:"The Tragedy of Marie Adelaide"
1130:Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein
348:needs additional citations for
1068:Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal
984:John VI of Portugal and Brazil
395:Princess Marie-Adélaïde (1909)
1:
2832:Luxembourgian Roman Catholics
1879:Hilda, Grand Duchess of Baden
1814:Princesses of Nassau by birth
1611:Hilda, Grand Duchess of Baden
1896:Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde
1839:Duchess Therese of Oldenburg
1636:Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde
2867:20th-century women monarchs
1537:Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
288:Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
55:Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
2918:
2635:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
1826:as Duke of Nassau in 1816.
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679:Little Sisters of the Poor
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2812:House of Nassau-Weilburg
2742:House of Nassau-Weilburg
2440:House of Valois-Burgundy
1493:House of Nassau-Weilburg
528:, which was composed of
311:German occupation forces
256:William IV of Luxembourg
2847:People from Colmar-Berg
1961:Alix, Princess of Ligne
1902:Grand Duchess Charlotte
1844:Marie, Princess of Wied
1695:Alix, Princess of Ligne
1641:Grand Duchess Charlotte
742:William, Duke of Nassau
506:Treaty of London (1867)
483:Marie-Adélaïde in 1917.
403:as the eldest child of
2857:Monarchs who abdicated
2700:House of Orange-Nassau
2522:Isabella Clara Eugenia
1472:Marie-Adelaide: A Play
1442:O'Shaughnessy, Edith.
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661:Marie-Adelaide in 1919
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266:Marie Anne of Portugal
95:Marie Anne of Portugal
2902:Deaths from influenza
2205:House of Hohenstaufen
1362:Mozcar (1994-10-10).
1279:. BRILL. p. 90.
1273:Péporté, Pit (2010).
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568:proclaimed a republic
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405:Grand Duke William IV
394:
2581:House of Wittelsbach
1765:princesses of Nassau
1498:Cadet branch of the
1307:Thewes, Guy (2011).
1010:Miguel I of Portugal
705:in Luxembourg City.
703:Notre-Dame Cathedral
558:began to demand her
450:Count John the Blind
357:improve this article
2081:County of Luxemburg
1465:The Story of a Soul
454:Chamber of Deputies
416:heiress presumptive
64:25 February 1912 –
2349:Duchy of Luxemburg
1463:Marburg, Theodor.
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606:Mongenast Ministry
577:Princess Charlotte
530:Party of the Right
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1456:Zenner, Theodor.
1368:Christendom Media
1323:978-2-87999-212-9
1286:978-90-04-18176-2
1207:
1206:
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691:Schloss Hohenburg
636:Kauffman Ministry
602:Mathias Mongenast
544:French government
431:Luxembourg-Nassau
422:in the monarchy.
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126:Mathias Mongenast
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1326:. Archived from
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596:Eyschen Ministry
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526:Loutsch Ministry
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1516:24 January 1924
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1501:House of Nassau
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1449:Schous, Marie.
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1437:Further reading
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1406:"Chicago Eagle"
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653:Post-abdication
646:Reuter Ministry
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477:
427:Nassau-Weilburg
385:
374:
368:
365:
354:
342:
331:
307:First World War
246:Nassau-Weilburg
217:
190:
186:
185:24 January 1924
166:
160:
158:
146:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
118:
117:
106:Prime Ministers
104:
97:
66:14 January 1919
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2915:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2764:Marie-Adélaïde
2761:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2745:(1890–present)
2738:
2737:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2641:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2610:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2562:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2472:
2463:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2404:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2246:
2234:
2232:
2228:House of Namur
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2186:
2182:House of Namur
2178:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1994:6th generation
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1971:5th generation
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1936:4th generation
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1889:3rd generation
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1872:2nd generation
1869:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1832:1st generation
1829:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1745:6th generation
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1728:5th generation
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1705:4th generation
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1670:3rd generation
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1629:2nd generation
1626:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1604:1st generation
1601:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1522:Regnal titles
1519:
1518:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1478:Marie-Adélaïde
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1396:
1379:
1343:
1322:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
987:
986:
980:
977:
976:
973:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
948:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
923:
922:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
906:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
893:
892:
890:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
865:
864:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
803:
802:
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
786:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
754:
751:
750:
748:
745:
744:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
719:
718:
712:
710:
707:
654:
651:
650:
649:
639:
629:
619:
612:Hubert Loutsch
609:
599:
584:
581:
573:Prime Minister
490:Roman Catholic
476:
473:
407:and his wife,
387:
386:
345:
343:
336:
330:
327:
296:John the Blind
284:Marie-Adélaïde
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
233:
232:
228:
227:
219:
218:
213:
211:
207:
206:
189:(aged 29)
183:
179:
178:
156:
152:
151:
148:
147:
145:
144:
130:Hubert Loutsch
113:
112:
111:
109:
101:
100:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:
42:
41:
40:Marie-Adélaïde
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2914:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2591:Maximilian II
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:(1411–1415),
2408:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2380:Wenceslaus II
2378:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:(1197–1214),
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:(1197–1247),
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1423:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1333:on 2017-01-11
1329:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
989:
988:
985:
979:
978:
975:
974:
957:
956:
953:
952:
947:
941:
940:
937:
936:
931:
930:
925:
924:
921:
915:
914:
911:
910:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
883:
882:
879:
878:
873:
872:
867:
866:
863:
857:
856:
853:
852:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
821:
820:
817:
816:
811:
810:
805:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
790:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
763:
762:
759:
758:
753:
752:
747:
746:
743:
737:
725:
724:
721:
720:
716:
715:
708:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
659:
652:
647:
643:
640:
637:
633:
632:Léon Kauffman
630:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
610:
607:
603:
600:
597:
593:
590:
589:
588:
582:
580:
578:
574:
569:
564:
561:
557:
552:
550:
545:
540:
538:
537:
531:
527:
521:
516:
513:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
481:
474:
471:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
446:Auguste Laval
443:
438:
436:
435:Nassau-Orange
432:
429:(present-day
428:
423:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
393:
383:
380:
372:
369:February 2014
362:
358:
352:
351:
346:This section
344:
340:
335:
334:
328:
326:
324:
319:
317:
312:
308:
304:
299:
298:(1296–1346).
297:
293:
292:Maria Theresa
289:
285:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
157:
153:
149:
143:
139:
138:Léon Kauffman
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
110:
107:
102:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2784:(since 2000)
2763:
2689:(since 1815)
2475:Maximilian I
2411:
2400:
2399:(1411–1443)
2372:Wenceslaus I
2323:Wenceslaus I
2253:
2242:
2020:
2012:
1895:
1770:
1762:
1751:
1635:
1535:
1513:
1509:14 June 1894
1506:
1499:
1491:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1399:
1382:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:
1335:. Retrieved
1328:the original
1309:
1275:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1251:
945:
664:
642:Émile Reuter
622:Victor Thorn
592:Paul Eyschen
586:
565:
553:
541:
534:
523:
518:
514:
510:
486:
468:
464:
459:
439:
434:
430:
426:
424:
413:
398:
375:
366:
355:Please help
350:verification
347:
320:
300:
283:
282:
187:(1924-01-24)
165:14 June 1894
142:Émile Reuter
134:Victor Thorn
122:Paul Eyschen
114:
2842:1924 deaths
2837:1894 births
2778:(1964–2000)
2772:(1919–1964)
2766:(1912–1919)
2760:(1905–1912)
2754:(1890–1905)
2724:(1849–1890)
2722:William III
2718:(1840–1849)
2712:(1815–1840)
2703:(1815–1890)
2664:(1792–1794)
2656:(1790–1792)
2648:(1780–1790)
2638:(1780–1794)
2625:(1740–1780)
2617:(1713–1740)
2607:(1713–1780)
2594:(1712–1713)
2584:(1712–1713)
2571:(1700–1712)
2561:(1700–1712)
2548:(1665–1700)
2540:(1621–1665)
2532:(1598–1621)
2525:(1598–1621)
2517:(1556–1598)
2509:(1506–1556)
2506:Charles III
2501:(1482–1506)
2491:(1482–1700)
2478:(1477–1482)
2469:(1477–1482)
2461:(1467–1477)
2453:(1443–1467)
2443:(1443–1482)
2421:(1418–1425)
2391:(1388–1411)
2383:(1383–1388)
2375:(1354–1383)
2365:(1354–1443)
2351:(1354–1794)
2326:(1353–1354)
2318:(1346–1353)
2310:(1313–1346)
2302:(1288–1313)
2294:(1281–1288)
2286:(1247–1281)
2276:(1247–1354)
2263:(1214–1226)
2231:(1197–1247)
2218:(1196–1197)
2208:(1196–1197)
2195:(1136–1189)
2185:(1136–1189)
2163:(1131–1136)
2155:(1096–1131)
2147:(1086–1096)
2139:(1059–1086)
2131:(1047–1059)
2123:(1026–1047)
1254:(in French)
669:convent in
583:Governments
536:coup d'état
498:Differdange
401:Berg Castle
329:Early years
276:Catholicism
172:Colmar-Berg
168:Berg Castle
71:Predecessor
2806:Categories
2758:William IV
2716:William II
2545:Charles IV
2514:Philip III
2458:Charles II
2115:(998–1026)
2097:(963–1136)
2083:(963–1354)
2068:Luxembourg
1541:1912–1919
1530:William IV
1373:2022-12-25
1337:2016-01-02
1223:References
560:abdication
556:Parliament
303:William IV
176:Luxembourg
161:1894-06-14
75:William IV
2770:Charlotte
2710:William I
2614:Charles V
2537:Philip IV
2498:Philip II
2396:Elisabeth
2315:Charles I
2299:Henry VII
2238:Ermesinde
2160:Conrad II
2152:William I
2144:Henry III
2128:Giselbert
2107:(963–998)
2104:Siegfried
1547:Charlotte
1258:2 January
699:influenza
667:Carmelite
502:Hollerich
420:Salic law
323:influenza
316:Charlotte
196:Lenggries
85:Charlotte
81:Successor
2568:Philip V
2450:Philip I
2412:and then
2291:Henry VI
2254:and then
2249:Theobald
2192:Henry IV
2136:Conrad I
2120:Henry II
2064:Monarchs
2013:*also a
1771:*also a
1211:See also
709:Ancestry
272:Religion
115:See list
2752:Adolphe
2661:Francis
2653:Leopold
2622:Mary II
2418:John II
2407:Anthony
2283:Henry V
2260:Waleran
2112:Henry I
2021:also a
1824:William
1596:Adolphe
1415:26 June
695:Bavaria
494:priests
204:Germany
200:Bavaria
2645:Joseph
2529:Albert
2466:Mary I
2307:John I
1512:
1460:. 1925
1320:
1283:
671:Modena
442:regent
262:Mother
252:Father
210:Burial
98:(1912)
91:Regent
2782:Henri
2388:Jobst
1514:Died:
1507:Born:
1391:(PDF)
1331:(PDF)
1314:(PDF)
675:Italy
475:Reign
241:House
226:Names
61:Reign
2776:Jean
2527:and
2401:with
2243:with
2215:Otto
1752:none
1417:2015
1318:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1260:2016
1160:15.
1102:14.
1040:13.
982:12.
918:11.
860:10.
683:Rome
500:and
182:Died
155:Born
2471:and
2066:of
1128:7.
1066:3.
1008:6.
944:1.
886:5.
824:2.
798:9.
766:4.
740:8.
693:in
687:nun
681:in
359:by
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