1874:
47:
874:
2045:
2009:
1720:
862:
1933:
Conventionally, taxation is used as a form of revenue generation. However, it has been observed as long ago as the 14th century that taxation can influence trade and suppress economic activity. In practice, this is sometimes seen as a desirable outcome, and taxes are levied with the intention of
1971:
A significant but often overlooked form of market intervention is the way that social and institutional norms, conventions, or rules can impact the function of markets. Different methods of "tâtonnement" (finding equilibrium) lead to different outcomes as these methods carry different
1906:
While theoretically possible, quantity floors are rarer in practice. Such an intervention ensures that the market quantity does not fall below a certain level. Among other methods, this could be achieved by purchasing the marketed product, such as the case of a
1898:
Another possible form of market intervention is a quantity ceiling. This essentially ensures that only a certain quantity of a good or service is produced and traded on a market. An example of such an intervention includes
1885:
In contrast to a price floor, a price ceiling establishes a maximum price at which a transactions can occur in a market. A serious issue for price floors as well, but especially for price ceilings, is the emergence of
1881:
Price floors impose a minimum price at which a transaction may occur within a market. These can be enforced by the government, as well as by non-governmental groups that are capable of wielding market power.
2104:
pay (usually tax) money to people or organizations in financial difficulty; bail-ins transfer organizations from the ownership of their former shareholders to that of their creditors, cancelling the debt.
2210:
require people or institutions to pay a one-time taxlike payment, to the government or some institution the government wishes to support; often paid only if above a certain level of wealth
1750:
1949:
to suggest that taxes and subsidies should be used to internalise costs that are not fully captured by existing market structures. In his honour, these have been named
2166:
occurs when the government buys government bonds, raising their price and lowering the return per unit price to people and institutions buying government bonds.
1775:
action, but also by philanthropic and political-action groups. Market interventions can be done for a number of reasons, including as an attempt to correct
904:
836:
2752:
1743:
2062:
1903:
or credits, whereby some market participants are able to offset their activity by paying other participants to reduce their own quantity.
1178:
2084:
1736:
1113:
19:
This article is about interventions in markets and market economies. For an alternative to markets as an allocative mechanism, see
1911:
that ensures the utilisation of labour. It can also take the form of a legally binding level of producer output, also known as a
897:
2066:
1790:
Economic interventions can be aimed at a variety of political or economic objectives, including but not limited to promoting
1279:
2016:
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1985:
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742:
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385:
157:
152:
20:
2178:
and market/government incentives pay money to produce some desired change in recipients
2546:
2465:
2274:
2207:
2196:
is government support to individuals, in cash or in kind, often directed at basic needs
1908:
1827:
1815:
1784:
1772:
1654:
1470:
1364:
1208:
797:
782:
747:
732:
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502:
419:
109:
105:
2577:"Overcoming Adverse Selection: How Public Intervention Can Restore Market Functioning"
2865:
2215:
2157:
1950:
1942:
1868:
1847:
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1140:
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878:
792:
737:
632:
622:
617:
542:
90:
2432:
2311:"The Economics of Government Market Intervention, and Its International Dimension"
2722:
2201:
2044:
1977:
1864:
1843:
1644:
1599:
1562:
1540:
1535:
1148:
1123:
767:
757:
547:
182:
2372:
2116:
grants a legal monopoly a creative work in order to encourage their production.
2774:
2651:
2630:
2169:
1839:
1795:
974:
942:
677:
477:
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2440:
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2175:
2113:
1981:
1835:
1664:
1188:
1153:
1088:
952:
947:
527:
458:
38:
2343:
Mukherji, Badal; Pattanaik, Prasanta K.; Sundrum, R.M. (April–June 1980).
1719:
861:
2714:
2615:"The knowledge economy, skills and government labour market intervention"
2592:
1041:
2854:
Krugman, Paul. "Cycles of conventional wisdom on economic development."
2388:
2344:
2828:
2554:
2193:
2185:
2151:
2101:
2069: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1928:
1397:
1173:
2534:
2471:
1822:. A wide variety of tools can be used to achieve these aims, such as
1803:
1525:
2820:
2204:
are when banks are required to give one-off payments to governments
1877:
An demonstration of a binding price floor, leading to excess supply
2360:
2356:
1872:
1823:
1799:
2656:"THE ECONOMICS OF COPYRIGHT LAW: A STOCKTAKE OF THE LITERATURE"
2503:
OPTIMAL RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND SOME TECHNIQUES OF OPTIMIZATION
2221:
2148:
restrict imports and exports by method other than direct taxes
2110:
aim to increase competition and prevent monopoly and oligopoly
2038:
2003:
1924:
2701:"Monopsony and the Efficiency of Labour Market Interventions"
2851:. 2nd ed. Basingstoke, Hampshire ; Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
2142:
transfers a privately held thing into government ownership
1767:
is a policy or measure that modifies or interferes with a
2753:"Emerging Market Perspectives: The Case for Intervention"
2324:. The University of Michigan School of Public Policy: 23
2160:
transfers a government-held thing into private ownership
2805:"Market Intervention Policies When Production Is Risky"
2654:; Handke, Christian; Stepan, Paul (19 September 2008).
2020:
2414:"IBN KHALDUN'S THEORY OF TAXATION AND ITS RELEVANCE"
2154:
are legal monopolies granted on practical inventions
2172:bans, limits, or requires some market activities
2660:Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues
1988:, a concept developed among others by American
1984:. Together, these form what are referred to as
2345:"Rationing, Price Control and Black Marketing"
2847:Durlauf, Steven N., and Lawrence Blume, eds.
1744:
898:
8:
2803:Hazell, P. B. R.; Scandizzo, P. L. (1975).
2318:Research Seminar in International Economics
2666:(1). William S. Hein & Company: 1–22.
1751:
1737:
916:
905:
891:
25:
2085:Learn how and when to remove this message
2849:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
2301:
928:
37:
1890:for the good or service in question.
7:
2421:Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics
2188:are subsidies funded by a linked tax
2067:adding citations to reliable sources
2501:Tusak-Loehman, Edna (August 1970).
2547:10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x
14:
2809:Journal of Agricultural Economics
2309:Deardorff, Alan V. (2000-02-10).
1992:and further by English economist
1725:Business and economics portal
2751:Singh, Sukudhew (1 March 2023).
2043:
2007:
1934:stymieing or limiting a market.
1771:, typically done in the form of
1718:
872:
860:
45:
2122:create a price floor on labour.
2054:needs additional citations for
147:Concepts, theory and techniques
16:Modification of market activity
2575:Tirole, Jean (February 2012).
2224:are also market interventions.
2097:Market interventions include:
1:
2433:10.15238/tujise.2015.2.2.1-19
2000:Types of market interventions
1957:Property Rights and Contracts
1779:, or more broadly to promote
1620:Commons-based peer production
1340:Socialism of the 21st century
2723:10.1016/j.labeco.2003.09.003
2146:Non-tariff barriers to trade
1783:or protect the interests of
2767:International Monetary Fund
2893:
2373:10.1007/s41775-019-00074-1
2213:
1960:
1922:
1919:Taxation and subsidisation
1894:Quantity ceiling and floor
1862:
18:
2775:10.5089/9798400233708.022
2758:Finance & Development
2631:10.1080/01442870701848053
1114:Socialist-oriented market
2613:Warhurst, Chris (2008).
2581:American Economic Review
2521:"The Nature of the Firm"
2467:The Economics of Welfare
135:JEL classification codes
2625:(1). Routledge: 71–86.
2235:Chinese economic reform
2134:foreign exchange market
1859:Price floor and ceiling
1832:state owned enterprises
321:Industrial organization
178:Computational economics
2349:Indian Economic Review
2290:Social interventionism
1878:
1802:, raising or reducing
173:Experimental economics
2858:71.4 (1995): 717-732.
2856:International Affairs
2255:Development economics
2130:currency intervention
1876:
2593:10.1257/aer.102.1.29
2505:. Purdue University.
2280:Regulatory economics
2063:improve this article
2021:adding missing items
1941:used the concept of
1650:Newly industrialized
1393:Collective ownership
1254:Vertical archipelago
400:Social choice theory
2365:University of Delhi
2265:Indicative planning
2182:Cross subsidization
2164:Quantitative easing
1765:market intervention
1635:Inclusive Democracy
867:Business portal
188:Operations research
168:National accounting
2872:Market (economics)
2482:on 26 January 2017
2410:Islahi, Abdul Azim
2019:; you can help by
1879:
1573:Material balancing
1055:Buddhist economics
198:Industrial complex
193:Middle income trap
2519:(November 1937).
2095:
2094:
2087:
2037:
2036:
1986:transaction costs
1808:income inequality
1761:
1760:
1271:By regional model
1065:Sabbath economics
915:
914:
2884:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2800:
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2789:
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2706:Labour Economics
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2517:Coase, Ronald H.
2513:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2478:. Archived from
2470:(4th ed.).
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2418:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
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2250:Developmentalism
2108:Competition laws
2090:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2047:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2011:
2010:
2004:
1913:production quota
1901:emission permits
1818:, or increasing
1781:public interests
1753:
1746:
1739:
1723:
1722:
1481:Municipalization
1466:Financialization
1436:Collectivization
1418:Social ownership
1408:Private property
1402:Common ownership
1360:Common ownership
1174:Closed (autarky)
1131:State capitalism
1109:Socialist market
1094:Market socialist
930:Economic systems
917:
907:
900:
893:
879:Money portal
877:
876:
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864:
361:Natural resource
153:Economic systems
49:
26:
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2877:Economic policy
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2821:10.2307/1238882
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2416:
2412:(August 2015).
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2403:
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2325:
2313:
2308:
2307:
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2298:
2270:Monetary policy
2240:Command economy
2231:
2218:
2140:Nationalization
2126:Monetary policy
2091:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2060:
2048:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2008:
2002:
1969:
1967:contract theory
1963:property rights
1959:
1953:and subsidies.
1951:Pigouvian taxes
1947:Alfred Marshall
1931:
1921:
1896:
1871:
1861:
1856:
1810:, managing the
1792:economic growth
1785:specific groups
1777:market failures
1757:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1675:Post-industrial
1670:Post-capitalist
1630:Hunter-gatherer
1615:
1607:
1606:
1521:
1513:
1512:
1491:Nationalization
1451:Demutualization
1446:Corporatization
1431:
1423:
1422:
1413:State ownership
1388:
1380:
1379:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1234:Robinson Crusoe
1169:
1168:By coordination
1161:
1160:
1145:Traditionalist
1005:Neomercantilist
965:
957:
938:
911:
873:
871:
859:
852:
851:
822:
812:
811:
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809:
573:von Böhm-Bawerk
461:
450:
449:
211:
203:
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158:Economic growth
148:
140:
139:
81:
79:classifications
24:
21:planned economy
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2815:(4): 641–649.
2795:
2743:
2695:(April 2004).
2684:
2643:
2619:Policy Studies
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2275:Palace economy
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2208:Capital levies
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2012:
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1998:
1958:
1955:
1920:
1917:
1909:jobs guarantee
1895:
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1848:price ceilings
1816:interest rates
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1685:Resource-based
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1471:Liberalization
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263:
258:
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243:
238:
233:
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223:
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212:
210:By application
209:
208:
205:
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201:
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195:
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185:
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165:
160:
155:
149:
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76:
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72:
71:
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69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2889:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2796:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2697:Booth, Alison
2694:
2693:Manning, Alan
2688:
2685:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:Pigou, Arthur
2457:
2454:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:List of taxes
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:Privatization
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:Minimum wages
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2086:
2078:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2052:This section
2050:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2018:
2015:This list is
2013:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1945:developed by
1944:
1943:externalities
1940:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1888:black markets
1883:
1875:
1870:
1869:price ceiling
1866:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:, increasing
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1680:Post-scarcity
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Expeditionary
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:Socialization
1499:
1497:
1496:Privatization
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:Mutualization
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Marketization
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Expropriation
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Communization
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Decentralized
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Social credit
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:Participatory
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Social market
1013:
1011:
1010:Protectionist
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
990:Laissez-faire
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
961:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
935:
934:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:
908:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
870:
868:
863:
858:
857:
856:
855:
848:
845:
842:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
821:
816:
815:
806:
805:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
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741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
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709:
706:
704:
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689:
686:
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671:
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649:
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634:
631:
629:
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621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
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589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
468:de Mandeville
466:
465:
460:
454:
453:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
397:
396:Public choice
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
371:Participation
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Institutional
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:Expeditionary
279:
277:
274:
272:
271:Environmental
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
207:
206:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
144:
143:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
107:
104:
102:
101:International
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:Branches and
74:
73:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
2855:
2848:
2832:. Retrieved
2812:
2808:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2762:
2756:
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2710:
2704:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2663:
2659:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2622:
2618:
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2587:(1): 29–59.
2584:
2580:
2570:
2558:. Retrieved
2530:
2524:
2511:
2502:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2480:the original
2466:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2424:
2420:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2352:
2348:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2321:
2317:
2304:
2285:Rent-seeking
2245:Crowding out
2096:
2081:
2072:
2061:Please help
2056:verification
2053:
2025:
1994:Ronald Coase
1990:John Commons
1970:
1939:Arthur Pigou
1936:
1932:
1905:
1897:
1884:
1880:
1844:price floors
1812:money supply
1789:
1764:
1762:
1590:Peer-to-peer
1585:Self-managed
1520:Coordination
1456:Deregulation
1141:Distributist
995:Mercantilist
837:Publications
802:
425:Sociological
398: /
296:Geographical
276:Evolutionary
251:Digitization
216:Agricultural
120:Mathematical
91:Econometrics
2717:: 145–163.
2652:Towse, Ruth
2541:: 386–405.
2427:(2): 1–19.
2202:Bank levies
1865:price floor
1854:Basic forms
1840:regulations
1806:, reducing
1695:Traditional
1645:Manorialism
1640:Information
1614:Other types
1600:Open access
1563:Cybernetics
1305:Anglo-Saxon
1290:Singaporean
1249:Underground
1244:Subsistence
1149:Corporatist
1124:Syndicalist
1084:Communalist
970:Associative
964:By ideology
937:Major types
673:von Neumann
326:Information
266:Engineering
246:Development
241:Demographic
183:Game theory
125:Methodology
2866:Categories
2367:: 99–118.
2296:References
2214:See also:
2170:Regulation
2128:, such as
2017:incomplete
1982:menu costs
1961:See also:
1937:Economist
1923:See also:
1863:See also:
1798:, raising
1796:employment
1700:Transition
1660:Plantation
1568:Indicative
1430:Transition
1280:East Asian
1051:Religious
1027:Democratic
1000:Neoliberal
985:Democratic
975:Capitalist
943:Capitalism
832:Economists
703:Schumacher
608:Schumpeter
578:von Wieser
498:von Thünen
459:economists
435:Statistics
430:Solidarity
351:Managerial
316:Humanistic
311:Historical
256:Ecological
221:Behavioral
115:Mainstream
2783:0015-1947
2731:0927-5371
2526:Economica
2476:Macmillan
2441:2148-3809
2381:0019-4670
2260:Dirigisme
2176:Subsidies
2114:Copyright
2075:July 2024
1836:subsidies
1665:Plutonomy
1546:Regulated
1375:Voluntary
1301:European
1154:Feudalism
1099:Mutualist
1089:Communist
1079:Socialist
1060:Christian
980:Corporate
953:Communism
948:Socialism
748:Greenspan
713:Samuelson
693:Galbraith
663:Tinbergen
603:von Mises
598:Heckscher
558:Edgeworth
376:Personnel
336:Knowledge
301:Happiness
291:Financial
261:Education
236:Democracy
130:Political
96:Heterodox
39:Economics
2834:29 March
2788:25 April
2736:25 April
2715:Elsevier
2677:25 April
2636:29 March
2598:29 March
2560:27 April
2486:25 April
2464:(1932).
2446:25 April
2394:27 April
2389:41343884
2328:29 March
2229:See also
2186:feebates
2102:Bailouts
2028:May 2020
1974:rigidity
1842:such as
1553:Planning
1204:Informal
1189:Dirigist
1042:Georgist
1037:Feminist
922:a series
920:Part of
841:journals
827:Glossary
778:Stiglitz
743:Rothbard
723:Buchanan
708:Friedman
698:Koopmans
688:Leontief
668:Robinson
553:Marshall
457:Notable
405:Regional
381:Planning
356:Monetary
286:Feminist
231:Cultural
226:Business
31:a series
29:Part of
2829:1238882
2699:(ed.).
2672:1227762
2555:2626876
2194:Welfare
2152:Patents
2132:on the
1929:subsidy
1820:profits
1595:Sharing
1558:In kind
1506:Marxist
1398:Commons
1365:Private
1354:Sectors
1325:Rhenish
1295:Keralan
1285:Chinese
1259:Virtual
1239:Sharing
1229:Planned
1219:Natural
1184:Digital
1072:Islamic
1032:Fascist
1020:Welfare
847:Schools
839: (
798:Piketty
793:Krugman
658:Kuznets
648:Kalecki
623:Polanyi
513:Cournot
508:Bastiat
493:Ricardo
483:Malthus
473:Quesnay
445:Welfare
415:Service
86:Applied
62:Outline
57:History
2827:
2781:
2769:: 73.
2729:
2670:
2553:
2535:London
2533:(16).
2472:London
2439:
2387:
2379:
1980:, and
1978:search
1804:prices
1769:market
1655:Palace
1531:Market
1526:Barter
1370:Public
1330:Soviet
1315:Nordic
1310:German
1276:Asian
1209:Market
783:Thaler
763:Ostrom
758:Becker
753:Sowell
733:Baumol
638:Myrdal
633:Sraffa
628:Frisch
618:Knight
613:Keynes
588:Fisher
583:Veblen
568:Pareto
548:Menger
543:George
538:Jevons
533:Walras
523:Gossen
391:Public
386:Policy
341:Labour
306:Health
163:Market
2825:JSTOR
2765:(1).
2713:(2).
2551:JSTOR
2417:(PDF)
2385:JSTOR
2361:India
2357:Delhi
2355:(2).
2314:(PDF)
2222:Taxes
1838:, or
1828:fines
1824:taxes
1800:wages
1773:state
1705:World
1690:Token
1580:Price
1320:Dutch
1214:Mixed
1119:State
1047:Green
820:Lists
788:Hoppe
773:Lucas
738:Solow
728:Arrow
718:Simon
683:Lange
678:Hicks
653:Röpke
643:Hayek
593:Pigou
563:Clark
478:Smith
440:Urban
420:Socio
410:Rural
110:Macro
106:Micro
67:Index
2836:2024
2790:2024
2779:ISSN
2738:2024
2727:ISSN
2679:2024
2668:SSRN
2638:2024
2600:2024
2562:2024
2488:2024
2448:2024
2437:ISSN
2396:2024
2377:ISSN
2330:2024
2322:1001
2184:and
1965:and
1927:and
1867:and
1846:and
1814:and
1541:Open
1536:Free
1224:Open
1199:Gift
1194:Dual
804:more
528:Marx
518:Mill
503:List
2817:doi
2771:doi
2719:doi
2627:doi
2589:doi
2585:102
2543:doi
2539:LSE
2429:doi
2369:doi
2065:by
2023:.
1925:tax
1826:or
768:Sen
488:Say
346:Law
2868::
2823:.
2813:57
2811:.
2807:.
2777:.
2763:60
2761:.
2755:.
2725:.
2711:11
2709:.
2703:.
2662:.
2658:.
2623:29
2621:.
2617:.
2583:.
2579:.
2549:.
2537::
2529:.
2523:.
2474::
2435:.
2423:.
2419:.
2383:.
2375:.
2363::
2359:,
2353:XV
2351:.
2347:.
2320:.
2316:.
1996:.
1976:,
1915:.
1850:.
1834:,
1830:,
1787:.
1763:A
924:on
108:/
33:on
2838:.
2819::
2792:.
2773::
2740:.
2721::
2681:.
2664:5
2640:.
2629::
2602:.
2591::
2564:.
2545::
2531:4
2490:.
2450:.
2431::
2425:2
2398:.
2371::
2332:.
2136:.
2088:)
2082:(
2077:)
2073:(
2059:.
2030:)
2026:(
1752:e
1745:t
1738:v
1404:)
1400:(
906:e
899:t
892:v
843:)
23:.
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