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had been active for 347 sols (356.5 days) since its deployment and traveled on Mars's surface for 1,921 m (6,302 ft). Since 20 May 2022, the rover was deactivated due to approaching sandstorms and
Martian winter. But the larger-than-expected build-up of dust covering its solar panels
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was confirmed technically ready for launch in March 2022 and planned to launch in
September 2022, but due to the suspension of cooperation with Roscosmos this is delayed until at least 2028. A fast-track study was started to determine alternative launch
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had covered a total distance of 7.73 km (4.80 mi) but its wheels became trapped in sand. The last communication received from the rover was on March 22, 2010, and NASA ceased attempts to re-establish communication on May 25,
1910:
Changela, Hitesh G.; Chatzitheodoridis, Elias; Antunes, Andre; Beaty, David; Bouw, Kristian; Bridges, John C.; Capova, Klara Anna; Cockell, Charles S.; Conley, Catharine A.; Dadachova, Ekaterina; Dallas, Tiffany D. (December 2021).
585:
lander stopped communicating about 110 seconds after landing. The loss of communication may have been due to the extremely powerful
Martian dust storm taking place at the time, or an issue with the Mars 3 orbiter's ability to relay
512:
prevented it from self-reactivation. On 25 April 2023, the mission designer Zhang
Rongqiao announced that the buildup of dust from the last inactivation is greater than planned, indicating the rover could be inactive "forever".
75:: they examine more territory, they can be directed to interesting features, they can place themselves in sunny positions to weather winter months, and they can advance the knowledge of how to perform very remote
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in the early 2000s. Since 2017, Team
Tumbleweed has been developing a series of Tumbleweed Rovers. The research organization aims to land a swarm of 90 Tumbleweed rovers on the Martian surface by 2034.
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477:(5498 Earth days from landing to mission end; 15 Earth years or 8 Martian years) and covered 45.16 km (28.06 mi). The rover sent its last status on 10 June 2018 when a global
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blocked the sunlight needed to recharge its batteries. After hundreds of attempts to reactivate the rover, NASA declared the mission complete on
February 13, 2019.
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Neeraj
Srivastava; S. Vijayan; Amit Basu Sarbadhikari (2022-09-27), "Future Exploration of the Inner Solar System: Scope and the Focus Areas",
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507:, and deployed on May 22, 2021, while dropping a remote selfie camera on 1 June 2021. Designed for a lifespan of 90 sols (93 Earth days),
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Arias, Francisco. J (2018). "A Method of
Attaining High Pressurized Vessels in Space, the Moon and With Particular Reference to Mars".
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Grotzinger, J.P.; et al. (January 24, 2014). "A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine
Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars".
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rover, landed successfully on
December 2, 1971. 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb) rover tethered to the Mars 3 lander. Lost when the
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As of May 2021, there have been six successful robotically operated Mars rovers; the first five, managed by the American
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later visited its heat shield impact site; it was ejected during the rover's descent and impacted the surface separately.
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NASA distinguishes between "mission" objectives and "science" objectives. Mission objectives are related to progress in
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The science instruments are chosen and designed based on the science objectives and goals. The primary goal of the
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449:(MER), launched on June 10, 2003, and landed on January 4, 2004. Nearly 6 years after the original mission limit,
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Arias, Francisco. J (2018). "CO2-Cushion Vehicle for Mars. An Alternative Locomotion for Exploration Rovers".
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and development processes. Science objectives are met by the instruments during their mission in space.
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1713:"Introduction to Special Issue - Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars"
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814:(February 14−20, 2018 / sols 4998−5004). It was taken with its microscopic imager instrument.
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469:(MER-B), Mars Exploration Rover, launched on July 7, 2003 and landed on January 25, 2004.
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This article is about autonomous exploration vehicles. For crewed vehicles on Mars, see
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2006:
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441:
426:, landed successfully on July 4, 1997. Communications were lost on September 27, 1997.
207:
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60:
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2876:"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Science – Looking for signs of past water on Mars"
1611:
1482:
1118:
1111:
330:
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has proposed a Mars rover as part of Mangalyaan-3, its third Mars mission in 2030.
503:
Mars mission on July 23, 2020, landed on May 14, 2021, in the southern region of
261:, the newest American Mars rover, successfully landed. On May 14, 2021, China's
5446:
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3274:
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1886:"Planetary Scientists Have Created a Map of Mars' Entire Ancient River Systems"
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1326:
5607:
5522:
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5461:
5431:
5273:
4842:
4614:
4129:
3831:
3824:
3339:
2602:– via ISRO Facebook Panel Discussion, Mars Orbiter Mission National Meet
2367:"China, with Tianwen-1, begins tenure at Mars with successful orbital arrival"
1946:
1671:
1651:
942:
168:
164:
1954:
674:
was supposed to be launched in 2022. JAXA has not given an update since 2015.
79:
vehicle control. They serve a different purpose than orbital spacecraft like
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2422:
2418:"China's Mars rover Zhurong is hunkering down for its 1st Red Planet winter"
2182:
2126:
1855:
1739:
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1018:. Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations of Martian surface.
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365:
199:
160:
156:
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1417:
Circa the 2010s, NASA had established certain goals for the rover program.
794:(MSL) rover "hand" featuring a suite of instruments on a rotating "wrist".
17:
708:, a spherical wind-propelled rover. The concept was first investigated by
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mission on July 30, 2020, it landed on February 18, 2021. It carried the
2818:
2777:
2489:"China's Mars Rover Has Not Moved Since September, NASA Images Revealed"
1022:
329:(MSL) mission by NASA, was launched November 26, 2011 and landed at the
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completed their missions before losing contact. On February 18, 2021,
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became the first non-American rover to successfully operate on Mars.
218:
214:
48:
1763:"Special Issue - Table of Contents - Exploring Martian Habitability"
392:
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1929:
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4723:
4119:
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3851:
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1595:
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987:
801:
784:
391:
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183:
179:
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36:
2508:"China's Mars rover is stuck sleeping after harsh martian winter"
1795:"Special Collection - Curiosity - Exploring Martian Habitability"
4649:
3214:
2095:
2064:
2061:"'Mount Sharp' on Mars Compared to Three Big Mountains on Earth"
2033:
1617:
Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers
709:
699:
684:
668:
294:
187:
140:
64:
4618:
3187:
2927:
2923:
2400:"China's Zhurong Mars rover scopes out dunes on journey south"
1689:
Scientific information from the Mars Exploration Rover mission
764:
557:
430:
had traveled a distance of just over 100 meters (330 ft).
155:
would be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a
4823:
4815:
4807:
1600:
Comparison of the distances travelled by various Mars rovers
650:
which as of March 2023 is scheduled for launch in late 2025.
2811:
2018 International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference
2381:"First Chinese Mars probe successfully landed with a rover"
2123:"NASA's New Mars Rover Will Explore Towering 'Mount Sharp'"
552:
spacecraft from the Soviet Union had identical 4.5 kg
1435:
rovers was to investigate "the history of water on Mars".
2341:"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: All Opportunity Updates"
735:, proposed in the 2000-2010 period as a follow on to MSL.
3183:
2092:"'Mount Sharp' On Mars Links Geology's Past and Future"
818:
Examples of instruments onboard landed rovers include:
812:
s first self-portrait including the camera mast on Mars
2813:. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
2772:. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
2726:"U.S., Europe Plan Single-rover Mars Mission for 2018"
2323:"NASA Concludes Attempts To Contact Mars Rover Spirit"
473:
surpassed the previous records for longevity at 5,352
5755:
2179:"NASA's Next Mars Rover to Land at Huge Gale Crater"
5697:
5666:
5600:
5591:
5483:
5389:
5307:
5300:
5224:
5183:
5118:
5020:
4911:
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2002:"NASA Launches Super-Size Rover to Mars: 'Go, Go!'"
5567:Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
5412:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
404:base station lander on the surface of planet Mars
2149:"NASA's Next Mars Rover To Land At Gale Crater"
2030:"Three New Names Approved for Features on Mars"
1706:
1704:
1029:Clicking on the labels will open a new article.
2574:"Russia and India jointly developing Mars UAV"
2523:
2521:
2439:"What's happened to China's first Mars rover?"
279:Multiple rovers have been dispatched to Mars:
4630:
3199:
2939:
2696:"ESA Halts Work on ExoMars Orbiter and Rover"
1913:"Mars: new insights and unresolved questions"
8:
2147:Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne (22 July 2011).
27:Robotic vehicle for Mars surface exploration
1438:The four science goals of NASA's long-term
560:while connected to the landers with cables.
544:landing failed, taking Prop-M with it. The
229:base station for communication with Earth;
5597:
5493:Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey
5480:
5304:
5221:
4838:
4683:
4637:
4623:
4615:
3786:
3617:
3578:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
3488:
3228:
3206:
3192:
3184:
2946:
2932:
2924:
2851:"Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Overview"
2615:"A new way to explore the surface of Mars"
126:(2021–present). The sixth, managed by the
5528:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
4472:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
3156:List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
2230:"Nasa's Perseverance rover lands on Mars"
1928:
1845:
1738:
1642:List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
1446:Determine whether life ever arose on Mars
798:is in the background (September 8, 2012).
646:are jointly developing a fixed-wing Mars
210:on Mars is now a primary NASA objective.
1711:Grotzinger, John P. (January 24, 2014).
360:is NASA's rover based on the successful
241:were on their own. As of November 2023,
71:have several advantages over stationary
5762:
4557:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
1700:
1502:
3345:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
2755:"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details"
2694:de Selding, Peter B. (20 April 2011).
2550:"Rover ready – next steps for ExoMars"
1407:Mars Landing Sites (December 16, 2020)
907:Rover Environmental Monitoring Station
345:rover is still operational as of 2024.
174:, as well as ancient water, including
5397:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
4135:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
2878:. marsrovers.nasa.gov. Archived from
2853:. marsrovers.nasa.gov. Archived from
2637:Anna Heiney, KSC NASA. 11 March 2004.
2437:Mallapaty, Smriti (20 January 2023).
2365:Gebhardt, Chris (February 10, 2021).
1917:International Journal of Astrobiology
725:was proposed to be a part of Russian
383:remains operational as of March 2024.
63:designed to travel on the surface of
7:
4597:
2597:Planetary Sciences Division (PSDN),
2325:. NASA. May 24, 2011. Archived from
2010:. Associated Press. 26 November 2011
755:Timeline of rover surface operations
221:, were physically tethered probes;
128:China National Space Administration
85:. A more recent development is the
4671:List of artificial objects on Mars
3251:National Aeronautics and Space Act
2679:. October 15, 2006. Archived from
2635:The Tumbleweed Rover is on a Roll.
1979:. 26 November 2011. Archived from
1632:List of artificial objects on Mars
96:, were (by date of Mars landing):
25:
5684:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
4205:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
3759:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
2613:Kimberly W. Land (May 13, 2003).
2204:"Mars rover aims for deep crater"
1775:(6169): 345–452. January 24, 2014
823:Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer
739:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
5777:
5765:
5372:Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters
4596:
4585:
4584:
4500:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
4258:Space Flight Operations Facility
3444:Operations and Checkout Building
3045:
2903:NASA official Mars Rover website
2770:2018 Joint Propulsion Conference
2487:Cheung, Rachel (13 March 2023).
1977:"Mars Science Laboratory Launch"
1574:
1555:
1539:
1523:
1508:
1470:
1383:
1363:
1345:
1325:
1307:
1286:
1268:
1250:
1230:
1212:
1194:
1178:
1162:
1146:
1128:
1110:
1090:
1072:
1021:
1010:, overlaid with the position of
921:cameras on Rover (MSL + M20+TW1)
693:
678:
661:
632:
625:
604:
597:
564:
523:
485:
458:
434:
411:
375:attached to its belly. Although
349:
314:
5543:Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
5349:Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
3719:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
2202:Amos, Jonathan (22 July 2011).
759:
2506:Hart, Robert (25 April 2023).
2398:Jones, Andrew (30 July 2021).
859:Materials Adherence Experiment
337:(informally "Mount Sharp") in
176:fluvio-lacustrine environments
94:NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1:
5498:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
2724:Svitak, Amy (18 April 2011).
2177:Chow, Dennis (22 July 2011).
2090:Agle, D. C. (28 March 2012).
1501:
1406:
901:Radiation assessment detector
733:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
556:rovers. They were to move on
289:rover and lander captured by
194:. The search for evidence of
4537:Space program on U.S. stamps
4462:Gemini and Apollo medallions
4412:Solar System Family Portrait
4188:Joint Polar Satellite System
4057:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
3311:Vision for Space Exploration
3281:Space Exploration Initiative
2599:Physical Research Laboratory
2059:NASA Staff (27 March 2012).
835:Chemistry and Camera complex
5422:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
5367:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
5343:Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
4711:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
4532:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
4489:We choose to go to the Moon
4452:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
4010:International Space Station
3990:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
3729:Great Observatories program
3573:International Space Station
3551:Roscosmos State Corporation
3468:Science Mission Directorate
3414:Manned Space Flight Network
1662:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
1530:Comparison of wheels: Mars
82:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
5836:
4349:NASA cameras on spacecraft
4160:James Webb Space Telescope
4072:Solar Dynamics Observatory
3293:U.S. National Space Policy
2914:Pictures of Mars by Rovers
2451:10.1038/d41586-023-00111-3
841:Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons
364:design. Launched with the
272:
29:
5746:
5479:
5220:
4805:
4729:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
4656:
4580:
3424:Vehicle Assembly Building
3174:
3043:
2673:"NASA - Missions to Mars"
1947:10.1017/S1473550421000276
1463:human exploration of Mars
1008:global topography of Mars
640:Moscow Aviation Institute
5679:Mars Exploration Program
4661:List of missions to Mars
4495:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
4419:The Day the Earth Smiled
3754:Solar Terrestrial Probes
3136:Rover embedded computers
1637:List of missions to Mars
1562:Comparison (2011): MER,
1546:Comparison (2008): MER,
1440:Mars Exploration Program
275:List of missions to Mars
4769:Mars Science Laboratory
4552:Other primates in space
4264:Deep Space Atomic Clock
4084:Mars Science Laboratory
3872:Spitzer Space Telescope
3461:Lunar Sample Laboratory
3404:Launch Services Program
3069:Mars Science Laboratory
2908:Mars Pathfinder Gallery
2300:. MSNBC. Archived from
2121:Staff (29 March 2012).
1856:10.1126/science.1242777
1740:10.1126/science.1249944
913:Sample Analysis at Mars
781:Examples of instruments
741:(MAX-C), cancelled 2011
341:on August 6, 2012. The
327:Mars Science Laboratory
245:is still active, while
59:is a remote-controlled
5138:Mars Exploration Rover
4828:
4820:
4812:
4567:National Astronaut Day
4510:The Astronaut Monument
4332:Space Shuttle missions
4032:Mars Exploration Rover
4015:Hubble Space Telescope
3924:Kepler space telescope
3724:Earth Observing System
3698:Mars Exploration Rover
3409:Mercury Control Center
3005:Mars Exploration Rover
2329:on September 28, 2011.
1647:Mars Exploration Rover
1601:
1409:
1069:
983:Mars landing locations
815:
799:
447:Mars Exploration Rover
406:
379:'s mission has ended,
304:
52:
5333:(2024, flyby in 2025)
5325:(2024, flyby in 2025)
4904:(2023, flyby in 2026)
4895:Mars Cube One (MarCO)
4827:
4819:
4811:
4666:List of Mars orbiters
4515:Lunar sample displays
4505:Space Mirror Memorial
4447:Voyager Golden Record
4339:United States rockets
3531: (with the
3439:Launch Control Center
1599:
1413:NASA Mars rover goals
1405:
1004:Interactive image map
991:
885:(MER + MSL + M20+TW1)
877:Mars Hand Lens Imager
805:
788:
706:Mars Tumbleweed Rover
610:The European-Russian
395:
285:
225:was dependent on the
190:) that may have been
169:chemolithoautotrophic
139:On January 24, 2016,
40:
5815:Landers (spacecraft)
5689:Mars Next Generation
5648:Permanent settlement
5538:Mars Surveyor Lander
5004:Mars Climate Orbiter
4990:Mars Global Surveyor
3533:Soviet space program
3451:Johnson Space Center
3419:Kennedy Space Center
3382:spinoff technologies
3151:Lunar Roving Vehicle
2298:"Good moves on Mars"
2028:USGS (16 May 2012).
1677:Lunar Roving Vehicle
479:2018 Mars dust storm
120:(2012–present), and
4646:Spacecraft missions
4542:Apollo 17 Moon mice
4398:Pillars of Creation
4305:Space Shuttle crews
3783:(human and robotic)
3777:Individual featured
3360:Ranks and positions
2819:10.2514/6.2018-4488
2778:10.2514/6.2018-4492
1939:2021IJAsB..20..394C
1838:2014Sci...343A.386G
1731:2014Sci...343..386G
1684:Radiation hardening
1205:Mars Polar Lander ↓
1064:Mars Memorials list
978:Remote Camera (TW1)
213:The Soviet probes,
182:related to ancient
143:reported that then
5674:Mars Scout Program
5513:Mars 4NM & 5NM
5437:Mars Micro Orbiter
5427:Mars Geyser Hopper
4829:
4821:
4813:
4344:NASA cancellations
4239:Deep Space Network
4229:Near Earth Network
3714:Living With a Star
3688:Project Prometheus
3668:Planetary Observer
2919:All Rovers on Mars
2276:"Mars Exploration"
2236:. 18 February 2021
1803:. January 24, 2014
1602:
1566:rover, humans, MSL
1410:
1070:
895:Rock Abrasion Tool
816:
800:
750:Cushion-air rovers
745:Mars Surveyor 2001
688:Mars Geyser Hopper
496:launched with the
407:
305:
53:
5753:
5752:
5742:
5741:
5713:The Case for Mars
5623:Atmospheric entry
5587:
5586:
5518:Mars 5M (Mars-79)
5475:
5474:
5452:Next Mars Orbiter
5360:Rosalind Franklin
5296:
5295:
5216:
5215:
5071:Mars Polar Lander
4803:
4802:
4697:2001 Mars Odyssey
4612:
4611:
4525:stolen or missing
4322:uncrewed missions
4300:Apollo astronauts
4295:Gemini astronauts
4213:
4212:
3997:2001 Mars Odyssey
3772:
3771:
3648:Mars Surveyor '98
3606:
3605:
3549: (with
3482:Human spaceflight
3476:
3475:
3434:Launch Complex 48
3429:Launch Complex 39
3181:
3180:
3141:Crewed Mars rover
3112:Rosalind Franklin
2828:978-1-62410-571-5
2787:978-1-62410-570-8
1832:(6169): 1242777.
1725:(6169): 386–387.
1667:2001 Mars Odyssey
1622:Crewed Mars rover
1455:Characterize the
1449:Characterize the
1395:
1377:
1357:
1339:
1319:
1301:
1280:
1278:Rosalind Franklin
1262:
1244:
1224:
1206:
1188:
1172:
1156:
1140:
1122:
1104:
1084:
1027:Clickable image:
855:(MER + MSL + M20)
849:(MER + MSL + M20)
825:(MPF + MER + MSL)
777:
776:
617:Rosalind Franklin
32:Crewed Mars rover
16:(Redirected from
5827:
5805:Missions to Mars
5782:
5781:
5780:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5761:
5719:Inspiration Mars
5706:The Mars Project
5598:
5481:
5305:
5222:
4839:
4684:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4616:
4600:
4599:
4588:
4587:
4426:Fallen Astronaut
4067:Van Allen Probes
3787:
3693:Mars Exploration
3618:
3489:
3257:Space Task Group
3229:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3185:
3104:Planned missions
3055:Current missions
3049:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2925:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2732:. Archived from
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2702:. Archived from
2691:
2685:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:. 10 August 2012
2272:
2263:
2262:
2257:. Archived from
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2155:. Archived from
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2098:. Archived from
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2067:. Archived from
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2036:. Archived from
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1932:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1849:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1708:
1578:
1559:
1543:
1527:
1512:
1474:
1422:space technology
1398:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1025:
990:
811:
760:
698:
697:
696:
683:
682:
681:
666:
665:
664:
637:
636:
635:
630:
629:
628:
609:
608:
607:
602:
601:
600:
569:
568:
567:
528:
527:
526:
490:
489:
488:
463:
462:
461:
439:
438:
437:
416:
415:
414:
370:Mars helicopter
354:
353:
352:
319:
318:
317:
21:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5766:
5764:
5756:
5754:
5749:
5738:
5693:
5662:
5583:
5485:
5471:
5417:Mars Base Alpha
5407:Icebreaker Life
5385:
5292:
5274:Mars 3MS No.170
5226:
5212:
5179:
5114:
5065:Mars Pathfinder
5016:
4907:
4866:Mariner 6 and 7
4830:
4822:
4814:
4799:
4748:
4675:
4652:
4643:
4613:
4608:
4576:
4476:
4467:Mission patches
4442:Pioneer plaques
4405:Mystic Mountain
4382:Family Portrait
4375:The Blue Marble
4359:
4353:
4327:Apollo missions
4268:
4220:
4209:
4176:
3981:
3975:
3812:Mercury-Atlas 6
3782:
3778:
3768:
3702:
3638:Mariner Mark II
3602:
3583:Commercial Crew
3561:
3484:
3472:
3456:Mission Control
3355:Astronaut Corps
3350:Chief Scientist
3328:
3233:
3217:
3212:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3124:
3099:
3050:
3041:
2984:Mars Pathfinder
2957:
2952:
2899:
2894:
2885:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2829:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2788:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2739:
2737:
2736:on May 24, 2012
2723:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2707:
2706:on May 24, 2012
2693:
2692:
2688:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2652:Team Tumbleweed
2646:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2529:"Mars 2 Lander"
2527:
2526:
2519:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2102:on 3 March 2016
2089:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2040:on 28 July 2012
2027:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1847:10.1.1.455.3973
1821:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1657:Mars Pathfinder
1607:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1534:rover, MER, MSL
1528:
1519:
1513:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:(November 2005)
1480:
1475:
1457:geology of Mars
1451:climate of Mars
1415:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1135:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1057:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1019:
1002:
988:
985:
813:
809:
783:
778:
773:
771:
757:
719:
694:
692:
679:
677:
662:
660:
657:
642:and the Indian
633:
631:
626:
624:
605:
603:
598:
596:
593:
586:communications.
565:
563:
524:
522:
519:
505:Utopia Planitia
486:
484:
459:
457:
435:
433:
424:Mars Pathfinder
412:
410:
405:
402:Mars Pathfinder
390:
350:
348:
315:
313:
310:
277:
271:
227:Mars Pathfinder
145:current studies
87:Mars helicopter
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5833:
5831:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5774:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:Mars Institute
5721:
5716:
5709:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5569:
5564:
5557:
5554:Northern Light
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5364:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5326:
5323:Europa Clipper
5320:
5311:
5309:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5259:Mars 2M No.521
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5228:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5189:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5135:
5128:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5104:
5097:
5089:
5082:
5077:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4965:Phobos program
4962:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4944:Viking program
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4897:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4758:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4738:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4707:
4700:
4692:
4690:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4619:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4594:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4562:Astronauts Day
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
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4270:
4269:
4267:
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4261:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4221:and navigation
4219:Communications
4215:
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4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4199:Europa Clipper
4195:
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3653:New Millennium
3650:
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2897:External links
2895:
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2827:
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2786:
2760:
2746:
2716:
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2683:on 2006-10-15.
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2426:. 11 May 2022.
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2261:on 2015-03-20.
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2020:
2007:New York Times
1993:
1968:
1923:(6): 394–426.
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1890:Universe Today
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1116:
1109:
1096:
1089:
1071:
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1052: Planned)
1045: Inactive
1031:
1020:
1012:Martian rovers
992:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
976:
970:
964:
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934:
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482:
455:
431:
396:
389:
386:
385:
384:
346:
309:
306:
303:on 6 June 2021
270:
267:
208:organic carbon
172:microorganisms
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
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2:
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5643:Human mission
5641:
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5638:Sample return
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4983:Mars Observer
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4572:Nikon NASA F4
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4457:NASA insignia
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4437:Lunar plaques
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4389:Pale Blue Dot
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4317:NASA missions
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4312:NASA aircraft
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4234:Space Network
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3867:Space Shuttle
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3749:New Frontiers
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3658:Lunar Orbiter
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3598:Lunar Gateway
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3557:Constellation
3555:
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3539:Space Shuttle
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3377:NASA research
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2962:Past missions
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2900:
2896:
2882:on 2008-05-22
2881:
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2871:
2868:
2857:on 2012-08-28
2856:
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2345:mars.nasa.gov
2342:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2304:on 2010-01-23
2303:
2299:
2296:Boyle, Alan.
2292:
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2260:
2256:
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2198:
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2173:
2170:
2159:on 2012-06-07
2158:
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2143:
2140:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2071:on 7 May 2017
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1983:on 2017-05-20
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1518:rover on Mars
1517:
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1489:
1485:taken by the
1484:
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584:
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555:
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547:
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540:rover, 1971,
539:
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150:
146:
142:
137:
136:(2021–2022).
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
118:
114:(2004–2018),
113:
112:
108:(2004–2010),
107:
106:
101:
100:
95:
90:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:motor vehicle
58:
50:
46:
45:
39:
33:
19:
5772:Solar System
5729:Mars Society
5711:
5704:
5658:Terraforming
5653:Colonization
5627:
5579:Voyager Mars
5571:
5559:
5552:
5378:
5358:
5329:
5316:Mangalyaan-2
5315:
5234:Mars 1M No.1
5193:
5173:
5157:
5143:
5131:
5107:
5100:
5094:Schiaparelli
5093:
5085:
5075:Deep Space 2
5064:
5057:
5050:
5010:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4955:
4948:
4900:
4887:
4880:
4782:Perseverance
4781:
4762:
4753:
4741:
4734:
4709:
4704:Mars Express
4702:
4695:
4602:
4590:
4424:
4417:
4411:
4403:
4396:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4197:
4146:Perseverance
4145:
4107:
4100:
4077:
4037:
4020:
4004:New Horizons
4002:
3995:
3988:
3961:
3953:
3929:
3917:
3910:
3897:
3885:
3877:
3838:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3545:
3529:Apollo–Soyuz
3161:Mars landing
3110:
3082:Perseverance
3080:
3061:
3027:
3019:
3018:Timeline of
3011:
3010:Timeline of
2997:
2991:
2982:
2975:
2954:
2884:. Retrieved
2880:the original
2870:
2859:. Retrieved
2855:the original
2845:
2810:
2804:
2769:
2763:
2749:
2738:. Retrieved
2734:the original
2729:
2719:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:the original
2699:
2689:
2681:the original
2676:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2651:
2648:"Our Vision"
2642:
2630:
2619:. Retrieved
2608:
2596:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2576:. March 2023
2568:
2557:. Retrieved
2553:
2544:
2533:. Retrieved
2531:. NASA NSSDC
2511:
2501:
2492:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2442:
2432:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2393:
2385:www.golem.de
2384:
2375:
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2344:
2335:
2327:the original
2317:
2306:. Retrieved
2302:the original
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2259:the original
2249:
2238:. Retrieved
2233:
2224:
2213:. Retrieved
2207:
2197:
2186:. Retrieved
2172:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:the original
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2069:the original
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2038:the original
2023:
2012:. Retrieved
2005:
1996:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:the original
1971:
1920:
1916:
1905:
1894:. Retrieved
1892:. 2020-12-30
1889:
1880:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1798:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1772:
1766:
1757:
1722:
1716:
1612:Astrobiology
1586:
1563:
1547:
1531:
1515:
1487:
1483:Husband Hill
1481:Panorama of
1461:Prepare for
1437:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1392:
1374:
1354:
1336:
1316:
1298:Schiaparelli
1297:
1277:
1259:
1242:Perseverance
1241:
1221:
1137:
1121:Deep Space 2
1101:
1081:
1038: Active
1026:
1011:
817:
806:
789:
705:
638:The Russian
616:
582:
576:
570:
553:
549:
545:
541:
535:
529:
508:
491:
470:
464:
450:
440:
427:
417:
397:
381:Perseverance
380:
376:
371:
361:
357:Perseverance
355:
342:
331:Aeolis Palus
320:
298:
286:
278:
262:
259:Perseverance
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
212:
202:(related to
196:habitability
165:chemotrophic
152:
148:
138:
131:
123:Perseverance
121:
115:
109:
103:
97:
91:
80:
56:
54:
42:
5820:Mars robots
5810:Mars rovers
5784:Spaceflight
5593:Exploration
5442:MELOS rover
5345:(mid 2020s)
5284:Fobos-Grunt
5158:Opportunity
4432:Deep fields
4360:and artwork
4358:NASA images
3930:Opportunity
3399:NASA Social
3225:and history
3146:Lunar rover
3012:Opportunity
2999:Opportunity
2955:Mars rovers
2554:www.esa.int
2472:10 February
2255:"Sojourner"
1807:January 24,
1587:Opportunity
1504:Mars rovers
1433:Opportunity
1222:Opportunity
1058:(See also:
943:Microphones
807:Opportunity
796:Mount Sharp
791:Curiosity's
717:Undeveloped
672:Melos rover
471:Opportunity
466:Opportunity
400:disembarks
339:Gale Crater
335:Aeolis Mons
333:plain near
251:Opportunity
231:Opportunity
161:autotrophic
149:Opportunity
147:on Mars by
111:Opportunity
18:Mars rovers
5794:Categories
5667:Strategies
5561:Red Dragon
5523:Mars-Aster
5467:Sky-Sailor
5462:Phootprint
5432:Mars-Grunt
5249:2MV-3 No.1
5244:2MV-4 No.1
5196:helicopter
5011:Mangalyaan
4520:Moon rocks
4280:Astronauts
4273:NASA lists
4130:OSIRIS-REx
3964:helicopter
3832:Pioneer 11
3825:Pioneer 10
3628:Hitchhiker
3503:suborbital
3340:Space Race
2886:2008-06-25
2861:2008-06-25
2740:2011-04-21
2730:Space News
2710:2011-04-21
2700:Space News
2621:2011-04-04
2559:2022-04-23
2535:2008-06-25
2350:31 October
2308:2010-01-22
2282:2012-08-10
2240:2021-02-18
2215:2011-07-22
2188:2011-07-22
2163:2011-07-22
2014:2011-11-26
1987:2011-11-26
1930:2112.00596
1896:2020-12-31
1779:24 January
1696:References
1672:Moon rover
1652:Mars-Grunt
1550:rover, MSL
273:See also:
57:Mars rover
5734:Mars race
5548:NetLander
5508:Marsokhod
5486:proposals
5484:Cancelled
5288:Yinghuo-1
5269:Mariner 8
5264:2M No.522
5254:Mariner 3
5206:Mars 2020
5194:Ingenuity
5132:Sojourner
5108:Tianwen-1
4929:Mariner 9
4856:Mariner 4
4788:Mars 2020
4763:Curiosity
4742:Tianwen-1
4547:Moon tree
4368:Earthrise
4243:Goldstone
4140:Mars 2020
4109:Voyager 2
4102:Voyager 1
4038:Curiosity
3982:operating
3980:Currently
3962:Ingenuity
3899:MESSENGER
3878:Sojourner
3807:Mercury 3
3797:Apollo 11
3744:Discovery
3734:Explorers
3323:Augustine
3287:Augustine
3166:Sky crane
3088:Mars 2020
3063:Curiosity
3035:Tianwen-1
2977:Sojourner
2837:240369235
2796:240375295
2493:Vice News
2467:256056375
2423:Space.com
2404:Space.com
2183:Space.com
2127:Space.com
1963:244773061
1955:1473-5504
1842:CiteSeerX
1564:Sojourner
1548:Sojourner
1532:Sojourner
1516:Sojourner
1317:Sojourner
1102:Curiosity
945:(M20+TW1)
931:Mastcam-Z
723:Marsokhod
498:Tianwen-1
445:(MER-A),
428:Sojourner
419:Sojourner
398:Sojourner
377:Ingenuity
372:Ingenuity
366:Mars 2020
362:Curiosity
343:Curiosity
322:Curiosity
255:Sojourner
243:Curiosity
239:Curiosity
223:Sojourner
200:taphonomy
192:habitable
159:based on
157:biosphere
153:Curiosity
117:Curiosity
99:Sojourner
44:Curiosity
5698:Advocacy
5633:Aircraft
5601:Concepts
5533:Mars One
5503:Beagle 3
5390:Proposed
5380:Kazachok
5363:) (2028)
5337:EscaPADE
5227:launches
5185:Aircraft
5164:timeline
5150:timeline
5092:ExoMars
5080:Beagle 2
5058:Viking 2
5051:Viking 1
4975:Phobos 2
4970:Phobos 1
4957:Viking 2
4950:Viking 1
4912:Orbiters
4793:timeline
4774:timeline
4717:timeline
4688:Orbiters
4591:Category
4253:Canberra
4165:timeline
4153:timeline
4089:timeline
4045:timeline
3942:observed
3937:timeline
3905:Aquarius
3845:timeline
3818:Magellan
3780:missions
3678:Surveyor
3614:programs
3544:Shuttle–
3485:programs
3317:Aldridge
3236:creation
3093:timeline
3074:timeline
2677:nasa.gov
2657:30 April
2459:36670252
2234:BBC News
2209:BBC News
2153:NASA JPL
2132:30 March
2106:31 March
2075:31 March
1872:52836398
1864:24324272
1749:24458635
1605:See also
1393:Viking 2
1375:Viking 1
1082:Beagle 2
1060:Mars map
973:SuperCam
925:Cachecam
871:Mini-TES
865:MIMOS II
853:MarsDial
729:mission.
655:Proposed
621:options.
269:Missions
102:(1997),
5758:Portals
5618:Landing
5613:Orbiter
5402:DePhine
5355:ExoMars
5308:Planned
5279:Mars 96
5239:1M No.2
5201:flights
5174:Zhurong
5101:InSight
5086:Phoenix
5022:Landers
4882:Rosetta
4744:orbiter
4603:Commons
4481:Related
4290:by year
4285:by name
4062:GOES 15
4052:GOES 14
3969:flights
3955:InSight
3911:Cassini
3839:Galileo
3764:SIMPLEx
3739:Voyager
3707:Current
3663:Pioneer
3633:Mariner
3612:Robotic
3593:Artemis
3566:Current
3509:Mercury
3501: (
3394:NASA TV
3333:General
3232:History
3129:Related
3118:ExoMars
3029:Zhurong
2580:3 March
1935:Bibcode
1834:Bibcode
1825:Science
1800:Science
1768:Science
1727:Bibcode
1718:Science
1498:Gallery
1355:Zhurong
1260:Phoenix
1138:InSight
1016:landers
1006:of the
999:discuss
967:SHERLOC
727:Mars 96
612:ExoMars
591:Planned
509:Zhurong
493:Zhurong
422:rover,
325:of the
287:Zhurong
263:Zhurong
206:), and
204:fossils
133:Zhurong
77:robotic
73:landers
47:rover,
41:NASA's
5447:MetNet
5351:(2026)
5339:(2024)
5319:(2024)
5301:Future
5225:Failed
5144:Spirit
5126:PrOP-M
5119:Rovers
5110:lander
5045:Mars 7
5040:Mars 6
5035:Mars 3
5030:Mars 2
4997:Nozomi
4939:Mars 5
4934:Mars 4
4924:Mars 3
4919:Mars 2
4901:Psyche
4876:Mars 7
4871:Mars 6
4861:Zond 2
4851:Mars 1
4843:Flybys
4754:Rovers
4680:Active
4248:Madrid
4181:Future
4096:NuSTAR
4027:THEMIS
3949:RHESSI
3886:Spirit
3683:Viking
3673:Ranger
3524:Skylab
3519:Apollo
3514:Gemini
3372:Budget
3325:(2009)
3319:(2004)
3313:(2004)
3307:(2003)
3301:(2002)
3299:CFUSAI
3295:(1996)
3289:(1990)
3283:(1989)
3277:(1987)
3271:(1986)
3269:Rogers
3265:(1986)
3259:(1958)
3253:(1958)
3247:(1915)
3223:Policy
3020:Spirit
2993:Spirit
2969:PrOP-M
2910:(NASA)
2835:
2825:
2794:
2784:
2617:. NASA
2512:Forbes
2465:
2457:
2443:Nature
2044:28 May
1961:
1953:
1870:
1862:
1844:
1747:
1488:Spirit
1429:Spirit
1337:Spirit
1187:Mars 6
1171:Mars 3
1155:Mars 2
1050:
1043:
1036:
961:RIMFAX
889:Pancam
883:Navcam
847:Hazcam
829:CheMin
614:rover
583:Mars 3
578:PrOP-M
572:Mars 3
554:Prop-M
546:Mars 2
542:Mars 2
537:PrOP-M
531:Mars 2
517:Failed
451:Spirit
442:Spirit
308:Active
291:HiRISE
253:, and
247:Spirit
235:Spirit
219:Mars 3
215:Mars 2
184:rivers
180:plains
105:Spirit
69:Rovers
51:, 2015
49:selfie
5628:Rover
5608:Flyby
5573:Vesta
5457:PADME
4724:MAVEN
4193:NISAR
4148:rover
4120:MAVEN
4040:rover
4021:Swift
3932:rover
3893:LADEE
3888:rover
3880:rover
3857:GRAIL
3852:GALEX
3643:MESUR
3588:Orion
3389:NASA+
3365:Chief
3263:Paine
2833:S2CID
2792:S2CID
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