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on the French and succeeded in capturing arms, ammunition, and horses. These additional resources allowed Mina to expand his small army to over 1,200 men and 150 mounted cavalries. He began to engage in full-scale military actions to find new strength in these numbers. Mina was captured in March 1810
326:, where they arrived November 24. He then moved to what is now the nation of Mexico. In April 1817, Mina took a force of about 250 men southward in ships provided by the French privateer,
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On
November 11, 1817, Mina was executed by a firing squad on a hill close to the Fuerte de Los Remedios region of the Sierra de Pénjamo, by the Zaragoza Battalion. He was 28 years old.
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in early 1808, Spain was under occupation by French troops, prompting Mina to flee to the hills and forests of his native region. There he formed a
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After arriving in
Baltimore in the United States, Mina met with a group of Spanish American agents there to organize the expedition.
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acted as his press agent. In
September Mina sailed on two ships. First, Mina and his crew sailed from Baltimore to
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with his uncle and aunt, Clemente and Simona Espoz. At the age of 18, he left Otago to continue his education in
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of
Ferdinand VII in his colonies. A few English lords made Mina's voyage to America possible. In May 1816, 20
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Martín
Francisco Javier Mina y Larrea should not be confused with his successor and distant relative
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Mina was depicted on the 2008 5 peso coin for the
Bicentenary Independence commemorative coin set.
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In the 1830s, a town in colonial Texas was renamed Mina; but a few years later (after the
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prison in France. He was finally released in April 1814, concurrent with the collapse of
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ranch. The prisoner was presented to
Colonel Francisco de Orrantia, who took him to
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or (IATA: TAM, ICAO: MMTM) is an international airport named after him, located at
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Xavier Mina, el
Insurgente Español. Guerrillero por la libertad de España y México
206:, and Maria Larrea. Mina studied Latin, mathematics, and humanities at the local
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of ten men. Under his leadership, the force grew to over 200 men. Mina launched
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471:, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Pamplona, 2006.
459:, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Pamplona, 2000.
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that he took to associate himself with the triumphs of his predecessor.
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532:"Manuel Torres, a Spanish American Patriot in Philadelphia, 1796–1822"
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453:, Espasa Calpe. Madrid, 1932. Reedición en Txalaparta, Tafalla 2003
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helped organize funding from a group of
Baltimore merchants, while
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489:, Brush, Webb, Bradburn y Terrés, Trama Editorial. Madrid, 2011
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he traveled to
England where he met Servando Teresa de Mier.
399:, generally known at the time as Francisco Espoz y Mina, a
465:, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Editorial Porrúa. México, 2003.
477:, Manuel Ortuño Martínez, Trama Editorial. Madrid, 2008.
420:, a municipality of the northeastern Mexican state of
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General Francisco Javier Mina International Airport
265:against the king failed, Mina fled to France; from
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
518:Spanish Guerrillas in the Peninsular War 1808–1814
493:Spanish Guerrillas in the Peninsular War 1808-1814
186:, who later became a Mexican independence figure.
495:, Renè Chartrand, Osprey Publishing. London, 2004
218:, where he began studying law at the university.
144: and the second or maternal family name is
536:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
501:, Gustavo Pérez Rodríguez, México, UNAM, 2018.
475:Vida de Mina. Guerrillero, liberal, insurgente
167:(July 1, 1789 – November 11, 1817), nicknamed
457:Xavier Mina, guerrillero, liberal, insurgente
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483:, Gloria López Morales, Ed. Grijalbo. 2010.
372:. Eventually, Mina was sent to the Liñán.
594:People executed for treason against Spain
584:People of the Mexican War of Independence
579:Spanish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
614:People executed by Spain by firing squad
469:Expedición a Nueva España de Xavier Mina
530:Bowman, Charles H. Jr. (January 1970).
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360:In October 1817, Mina was captured and
69:"Martín Francisco Javier Mina y Larrea"
165:Martín Francisco Javier Mina y Larrea
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447:Mina El Mozo : Héroe De Navarra
245:On returning to Spain he was made a
58:adding citations to reliable sources
487:Diarios: Expedición de Mina (1817)
463:Xavier Mina. Fronteras de libertad
194:Francisco Javier Mina was born in
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347:struggle for Mexican independence
609:19th-century executions by Spain
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481:Charlas de café con Xavier Mina
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27:Spanish lawyer and army officer
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604:Deaths by firearm in Mexico
275:recruited him to fight the
18:Martín Javier Mina y Larrea
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302:, Miguel Santamaria and
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599:Executed Mexican people
589:Executed Spanish people
273:Servando Teresa de Mier
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389:Angel of Independence
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569:People from Navarre
304:José Rafael Revenga
629:Spanish guerrillas
451:Martín Luis Guzmán
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340:Guadalupe Victoria
330:. They arrived at
261:. After a planned
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52:Please help
47:verification
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564:1817 deaths
559:1789 births
542:(1): 46–47.
366:El Venadito
263:coup d'état
221:During the
553:Categories
506:References
422:Nuevo León
336:Tamaulipas
308:Pedro Gual
291:crew left
240:Napoleon's
80:newspapers
324:New Spain
320:Galveston
293:Liverpool
236:Vincennes
190:Biography
253:by King
216:Zaragoza
212:Pamplona
208:seminary
163:General
132:In this
520:, p. 26
432:Tampico
414:Bastrop
289:English
285:Italian
281:Spanish
251:Hussars
247:colonel
200:Navarre
184:officer
169:El Mozo
138:surname
94:scholar
379:Legacy
267:Bayona
204:farmer
177:lawyer
159:(1821)
146:Larrea
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231:raids
101:JSTOR
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418:Mina
287:and
196:Otao
181:army
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