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207:'s Regent Street premises. Public displays in London garnered publicity, and more centres started in 1932 in Bromley, Southend, Slough, Bournemouth, Croydon, Birmingham, Glasgow followed by Ayr, Paisley and Edinburgh and finally franchised centres all over the UK. The Women's League of Health and Beauty classes included elements from dance, callisthenics, and remedial, slimming, and rhythmical exercise to music. The League published its own magazine,
1459:
190:
principles of the Bagot Stack System. There were classes for women and children in dance as well as exercises. Her inspiration for developing her own exercise system came from a short time in India, where she observed the differences in movement between women wearing constricting
Europeans clothes and those with looser Indian clothing. She had also studied
189:
In the 1920s she again began to hold classes, initially for children in her own home, and by 1926 was training teachers in her own system at the Bagot Stack Health School in
Holland Park, London. This initially involved 12 sequences of exercise designed to train the body in accordance with the seven
243:
Mary Meta (Mollie) Bagot Stack was born 12 June 1883 in Dublin to parents from the Irish
Protestant professional class. Her father was a dentist, Richard Theodore Stack (d. 1909). She contracted rheumatic fever at the age of 17. She married in 1909 (Albert Thomas James McCreery, a doctor) but this
194:
on her travels in India. She developed a series of exercises based around her belief that movement was essential in life. This also fitted with ideas developing across Europe at the time of the benefits to women of exercise and changes in clothing fashions. As well as involving vigorous group
248:, who was killed in the First World War. She travelled with him to India, living in Lansdowne, a hill station near the Himalayas, but returned to the UK at the outbreak of war with her newborn daughter. She died in London 26 January 1935, aged 50 after suffering from thyroid cancer.
226:
terms and saw women as "natural race builders". Their aim was to promote "racial health" through physical exercise. The organisation grew rapidly so that by 1934 there were 47,000 members but this had grown to 166,000 in 1937. Her daughter
171:, Dublin, she enrolled in 1907 as a trainee teacher at Mrs Josef Conn's Institute of Physical Training in London. She had met Mrs Conn in Paris and was inspired by her specialisation in exercises to promote health. By 1910 she had moved to
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2221:
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Her big innovation was to move from small, private classes to a mass-market movement. In 1930 this grew into a commercial enterprise, the Women's League of Health and Beauty, using the
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in 1930, the first and most significant mass keep-fit system of the 1930s in the UK. This has continued as an exercise system into the 21st century.
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was short-lived ending in divorce. She married again on 10 March 1912 to a third cousin, Edward Hugh Bagot Stack (1884 - 1914), a captain in the
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and set up her own fitness centre with private classes, large classes for women factory workers and also treated private patients.
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211:, from 1933 to 1935 with content on pacifism and feminist political discussion as well as general self-improvement. Her book
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exercises, the classes were designed to be sociable, which benefited the many recently bereaved women.
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231:, along with others, continued promoting this exercise system so that what is now called the "
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351:"They Had Such a Lot of Fun: The Women's League of Health and Beauty between the Wars"
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Step-daughters of
England: British Women Modernists and the National Imaginary
393:
In a League of Their Own. The Story of the Women's League of Health and Beauty
191:
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640:
2182:
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2002:
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The
Culture of the Abdomen: Obesity and Reducing in Britain, circa 1900–1939
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2015:
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Building the Body
Beautiful - The Bagot Stack stretch-and-swing system
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Building the body beautiful: The Bagot Stack stretch-and-swing system
119:
Building the Body
Beautiful, the Bagot Stack Stretch-and-Swing System
78:
60:
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235:" movement continues as a national fitness programme in the UK.
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The organisation has been described as the most popular female
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International
Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller
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623:
Yoga body : the origins of modern posture practice
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316:Matthews, Jill Julius (2014) . "Stack, Mary Meta".
251:Her first child died at birth in 1913. The second,
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104:
93:
85:
67:
46:
23:
179:Development of the Bagot Stack Exercise System
1490:
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8:
322:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
222:organization in Britain. The league adapted
108:Mass market keep-fit system in 1930s Britain
525:(1 ed.). Chapman and Hall. p. 71.
167:After an education at Alexandra School and
151:(12 June 1883 – 26 January 1935), known as
2613:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
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31:
20:
292:
2725:People associated with physical culture
319:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
285:
129:Albert Thomas James McCreery (divorced)
558:. Manchester University Press. p. 67.
535:Zweiniger‐Bargielowska, Ina. (2005).
255:, was born in India on 28 July 1914.
157:Women's League of Health & Beauty
7:
2730:People educated at Alexandra College
693:Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
469:Horwell, Veronica (2 January 2011).
2152:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
445:"Student Teacher/Trainer Contract"
14:
2415:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga
142:(28 July 1914 – 30 December 2010)
131:Edward Hugh Bagot Stack (d. 1914)
1786:
1458:
1457:
498:. Fitness League. Archived from
1926:Yoga and cultural appropriation
568:Childs, Martin (1 March 2011).
16:Irish health and fitness expert
349:Matthews, Jill Julius (1990).
1:
2720:20th-century Irish educators
770:Edward William Barton-Wright
496:"The Fitness League History"
336:UK public library membership
625:. Oxford University Press.
37:"Seal" posture, now called
2746:
1914:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
718:Francisco Amorós y Ondeano
542:Journal of British Studies
521:Bagot Stack, Mary (1931).
182:
2715:19th-century Irish people
2669:Modern Yoginis (template)
2409:Vishnudevananda Saraswati
2331:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
1835:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga
1784:
1702:International Day of Yoga
1452:
471:"Prunella Stack obituary"
30:
2710:19th-century Irish women
2690:20th-century Irish women
2664:Yoga teachers (category)
2659:Yoga scholars (template)
2167:A History of Modern Yoga
450:. EMDP Training together
391:Ashburner, Lynn (2005).
2455:Satchidananda Saraswati
2206:The Path of Modern Yoga
1885:Autobiography of a Yogi
554:Garrity, Jane. (2003).
215:was published in 1931.
1615:European Union of Yoga
1390:Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao
328:10.1093/ref:odnb/45797
2371:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
1879:Paramahansa Yogananda
1659:Trauma-sensitive yoga
1610:British Wheel of Yoga
1414:Battle of the Systems
1258:Warren Lincoln Travis
1023:Marie Bjelke Petersen
830:Edith Margaret Garrud
698:Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
417:"OUR FITNESS JOURNEY"
183:Further information:
2695:Exercise instructors
2654:List of yoga schools
2525:Yoga the Iyengar Way
2429:Satyananda Saraswati
2424:Bihar School of Yoga
2160:Yoga in Modern India
2069:Lilias, Yoga and You
1872:Seetharaman Sundaram
1375:Seetharaman Sundaram
1337:Kodi Rammurthy Naidu
1322:Jatindra Charan Guho
1218:Dudley Allen Sargent
840:George Hackenschmidt
703:Johann Baptist Krebs
595:"The Fitness League"
2481:Himalayan Institute
2343:T. K. V. Desikachar
2318:Swami Kuvalayananda
2132:Selvarajan Yesudian
875:Jørgen Peter Müller
370:10.1093/hwj/30.1.22
209:Mother and Daughter
2587:Beryl Bender Birch
2538:c. 1975
2369:c. 1948
2358:Srivatsa Ramaswami
2295:The Yoga Institute
2265:Breath of the Gods
1850:Genevieve Stebbins
1620:André Van Lysebeth
1317:Ambika Charan Guha
1233:Genevieve Stebbins
910:Clara Schlaffhorst
395:. Heritage Books.
270:Genevieve Stebbins
153:Mollie Bagot Stack
2677:
2676:
2649:Asanas (template)
2644:Post-lineage yoga
2274:
2273:
2230:The Story of Yoga
1983:Frank Jude Boccio
1840:Marguerite Agniel
1810:Early modern yoga
1782:
1781:
1472:
1471:
1429:Muscular religion
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1276:
1275:
1228:Amos Alonzo Stagg
1163:Bernarr Macfadden
1128:Annette Kellerman
1073:Keene Fitzpatrick
978:Marguerite Agniel
957:Emily Diana Watts
925:Lionel Strongfort
825:Gustav Frištenský
800:Launceston Elliot
790:François Delsarte
632:978-0-19-539534-1
334:(Subscription or
265:Marguerite Agniel
169:Alexandra College
146:
145:
98:Alexandra College
2737:
2512:B. K. S. Iyengar
2499:Bikram Choudhury
2376:K. Pattabhi Jois
2363:Vanda Scaravelli
2175:Positioning Yoga
2027:Paddleboard Yoga
1857:Physical culture
1845:Mary Bagot Stack
1800:
1790:
1697:Competitive yoga
1665:Restorative Yoga
1647:Yoga using props
1599:Teacher training
1549:Meditation seats
1517:
1506:Yoga as exercise
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1434:Yoga as exercise
1287:
1238:Alois P. Swoboda
1148:Diocletian Lewis
1123:George F. Jowett
1068:Carrica Le Favre
1058:Ludwig Durlacher
1048:C. Ward Crampton
920:Mary Bagot Stack
855:F. A. Hornibrook
850:Oscar Heidenstam
795:Edmond Desbonnet
750:
741:
713:Franz Nachtegall
708:Pehr Henrik Ling
679:Physical culture
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570:"Prunella Stack"
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545:44 (2): 239-273.
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358:History Workshop
355:
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220:physical culture
149:Mary Bagot Stack
115:
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56:
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35:
25:Mary Bagot Stack
21:
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2235:
2222:Yoga in Britain
2190:The Subtle Body
2138:
2061:Yoga for Health
2042:
2008:Phillip Moffitt
1957:
1909:Science of yoga
1892:
1791:
1778:
1731:
1706:
1685:
1653:Accessible yoga
1633:
1593:
1568:Accompaniments
1534:Standing asanas
1508:
1503:
1473:
1468:
1448:
1439:Natural hygiene
1419:Fitness culture
1394:
1365:Krishnamacharya
1351:
1302:Ramesh Balsekar
1272:
1173:William Muldoon
1143:W. R. C. Latson
1063:George Eiferman
1028:William Blaikie
993:Sanford Bennett
966:
820:Bob Fitzsimmons
775:Zishe Breitbart
765:William Bankier
732:
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633:
619:Singleton, Mark
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574:The Independent
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502:on 29 July 2009
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94:Alma mater
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71:26 January 1935
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2569:Jivamukti Yoga
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2404:Sivananda Yoga
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2391:Kino MacGregor
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2121:Rachel Brathen
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1998:Jon Kabat-Zinn
1995:
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1587:Hasta Vinyasas
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1554:Sun Salutation
1551:
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1544:Lotus position
1541:
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1529:List of asanas
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1307:The Great Gama
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1200:
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1188:Harry Paschall
1185:
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1168:Artie McGovern
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1133:Siegmund Klein
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1098:Joe Greenstein
1095:
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1088:John B. Gagnon
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1080:
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1050:
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1043:Edwin Checkley
1040:
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890:William Pullum
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880:Hartvig Nissen
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845:Georges Hébert
842:
837:
835:Hermann Görner
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140:Prunella Stack
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105:Known for
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75:(aged 51)
69:
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48:
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41:or Locust Pose
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2574:Sharon Gannon
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2543:
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2534:Dharma Mittra
2531:
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2522:
2520:
2519:
2518:Light on Yoga
2515:
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2500:
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2474:
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2469:
2466:
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2451:
2450:Integral Yoga
2447:
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2438:
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2430:
2427:
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2425:
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2396:Larry Schultz
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2313:Kaivalyadhama
2310:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Shri Yogendra
2298:
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2292:
2291:
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2286:
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2277:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:Enlighten Up!
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
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2226:
2224:
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2218:
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2215:
2214:Roots of Yoga
2210:
2208:
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2202:
2200:
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1760:Hugger Mugger
1758:
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1755:Angela Farmer
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1719:Asana Journal
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1628:
1627:Yoga Alliance
1625:
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1380:Shri Yogendra
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1370:Kuvalayananda
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1199:
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1178:Ralph Parcaut
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1113:Roy Hilligenn
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1108:Milo Hastings
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1093:Vince Gironda
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1053:Jack Delinger
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1044:
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1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Drexel Biddle
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:Clarence Bass
986:
984:
983:Charles Atlas
981:
979:
976:
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969:
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962:Freddie Welsh
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952:Ronald Walker
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815:Eileen Fowler
813:
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760:Bert Assirati
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728:Thomas Topham
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402:0-9549963-0-5
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364:(30): 22–54.
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247:
246:Gurkha Rifles
239:Personal life
238:
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88:
84:
80:
70:
66:
62:
49:
45:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2600:Anusara Yoga
2563:Forrest Yoga
2555:Sarah Powers
2550:Paul Grilley
2523:
2516:
2507:Iyengar Yoga
2473:Stephen Cope
2463:Kripalu Yoga
2413:
2381:Mysore style
2335:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2198:Selling Yoga
2196:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2127:Switzerland
2083:Lyn Marshall
2067:
2059:
1993:Janice Gates
1988:Anne Cushman
1978:Mindful Yoga
1953:Yoga tourism
1936:For children
1883:
1844:
1820:
1726:Yoga Journal
1724:
1717:
1681:Janice Gates
1539:Downward dog
1456:
1347:Monotosh Roy
1327:Guru Hanuman
1297:Manohar Aich
1290:Bodybuilding
1243:Armand Tanny
1213:Tony Sansone
1198:Steve Reeves
1138:Jack LaLanne
1038:Alan Calvert
919:
905:Arthur Saxon
900:Eugen Sandow
810:Juan Ferrero
723:Adolf Spiess
622:
598:. Retrieved
589:
577:. Retrieved
573:
563:
555:
550:
540:
536:
531:
522:
516:
504:. Retrieved
500:the original
490:
478:. Retrieved
475:The Guardian
474:
464:
452:. Retrieved
424:. Retrieved
420:
411:
392:
386:
361:
357:
344:
317:
288:
253:Ann Prunella
250:
242:
217:
212:
208:
202:
188:
166:
156:
152:
148:
147:
118:
114:Notable work
73:(1935-01-26)
57:12 June 1883
18:
2705:1935 deaths
2700:1883 births
2639:Modern yoga
2605:John Friend
2545:Paulie Zink
2494:Bikram Yoga
2468:Amrit Desai
2437:Ananda Yoga
2348:A. G. Mohan
2033:Aerial yoga
1862:B. C. Ghosh
1815:Vivekananda
1342:Chandgi Ram
1312:B. C. Ghosh
1253:John Terpak
1223:Larry Scott
1208:Joe Rollino
1118:Bob Hoffman
1103:John Grimek
1078:Mark Forest
940:Monte Saldo
895:Joan Rhodes
860:Thomas Inch
805:Tony Emmott
785:Victor Dane
686:Antecedents
199:Mass market
86:Nationality
39:Salabhasana
2684:Categories
2634:Hatha yoga
2611:2006
2598:1997
2592:Bryan Kest
2582:Power Yoga
2580:1995
2567:1984
2561:1982
2532:1975
2505:1975
2492:1973
2486:Swami Rama
2479:1971
2461:1966
2448:1966
2442:Kriyananda
2435:1965
2422:1963
2402:1959
2386:Tim Miller
2353:Indra Devi
2324:1934
2311:1924
2293:1918
2262:2012
2254:2009
2246:2006
2227:2020
2219:2019
2211:2017
2203:2016
2195:2015
2180:2010
2172:2005
2157:2004
2149:1996
2047:By country
2031:2014
2025:2013
2014:2003
1976:1990
1972:Naked yoga
1970:1938
1867:K. V. Iyer
1819:1896
1767:Yoga pants
1745:Yoga brick
1671:Yoga nidra
1669:2008
1663:2007
1657:2002
1651:1979
1606:Standards
1424:Gymnastics
1332:K. V. Iyer
1263:Al Treloar
1203:Leo Robert
1193:Bill Pearl
1183:Kid Parker
1153:Gilman Low
1033:Paul Bragg
1008:Joe Bonomo
1003:Mark Berry
870:Dan McLeod
780:Niels Bukh
579:17 January
480:17 January
454:17 January
426:6 December
421:FLexercise
338:required.)
281:References
233:Flexercise
224:eugenicist
192:hatha yoga
173:Manchester
53:1883-06-12
2183:Yoga Body
2038:Beer yoga
2003:Cyndi Lee
1941:For women
1822:Raja Yoga
1772:Lululemon
1577:Pranayama
1559:Tree pose
1248:Vic Tanny
1158:Dan Lurie
971:New World
930:Maxalding
865:John Lees
641:318191988
163:Education
126:Spouse(s)
2540:Yin Yoga
2326:Viniyoga
2016:Acroyoga
1904:Hot yoga
1750:Yoga mat
1711:Journals
1463:Category
885:Reg Park
753:European
621:(2010).
259:See also
229:Prunella
136:Children
100:, Dublin
2622:Related
2280:Schools
2095:Germany
2077:Britain
2054:America
1963:Hybrids
1897:Aspects
1796:History
1639:Therapy
1582:Vinyāsa
1572:Drishti
1564:Warrior
1444:Pilates
1407:Related
1268:Turners
1083:Ed Fury
947:Vulcana
745:Western
737:Systems
612:Sources
506:17 June
378:4289005
89:British
2115:Sweden
2110:Russia
2090:France
1690:Events
1521:Asanas
1513:Topics
1385:Tiruka
1282:Indian
935:Maxick
639:
629:
600:3 July
399:
376:
332:
121:, 1931
79:London
61:Dublin
2285:Gurus
2240:Films
2143:Books
2130:1941
2119:2015
2105:Italy
2100:India
2081:1976
2066:1970
2058:1961
1803:Early
1737:Props
1357:Yogic
915:Sokol
448:(PDF)
374:JSTOR
354:(PDF)
2629:Yoga
2249:Guru
2021:Doga
637:OCLC
627:ISBN
602:2020
581:2015
508:2014
482:2015
456:2015
428:2022
397:ISBN
205:YMCA
68:Died
47:Born
366:doi
324:doi
2686::
635:.
572:.
539:.
473:.
436:^
419:.
372:.
362:30
360:.
356:.
300:^
2287:)
2283:(
1498:e
1491:t
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671:e
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657:v
643:.
604:.
583:.
510:.
484:.
458:.
430:.
405:.
380:.
368::
330:.
326::
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
