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weak and in need of help which was a common trope in literature. Through characters such as Louisa in her short story: “A New
England Nun,” Freeman challenges contemporary ideas concerning female roles, values, and relationships in society. Also, Freeman's short story “The Revolt of 'Mother'" illustrated the struggles of rural women and the role they played within their families. “The Revolt of 'Mother'” initiated the discussion on the rights of rural woman, went on to inspire many more pieces discussing the lack of control rural woman had over families finances, and looking to improve the structure of farm families in the early twentieth-century.
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Mary away from her reading to the reality of hated kitchen work. According to Edward Foster's biography of
Freeman, "Disliking her household duties, she avoided them, nor could she be moved by disciplinary tactics." It is clear that a growing tension between Mary and her mother centered on her resistance to undertaking the tasks expected of a "good girl."
173:, for one year, from 1870 to 1871. She later finished her education at Glenwood Seminary in West Brattleboro. When the family's dry goods business in Vermont failed in 1873, the family returned to Randolph, Massachusetts. Freeman's mother died three years later, and she changed her middle name to "Eleanor" in her memory.
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for children while still a teenager to help support her family and was quickly successful. Her career as a short story writer launched in 1881 when she took first place in a short story contest with her submission “The Ghost Family.” When the supernatural caught her interest, the result was a group
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As an adolescent, Freeman was increasingly caught between the need for her mother's love and her instinct to avoid becoming her mother and subsiding into her mother's form of passivity. Despite continuous pressure from her mother to participate in domestic chores, no amount of discipline could pull
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As the years passed, the contrast between Mary and her sister, Anna, became apparent. While her sister Anna willingly undertook domestic work and increasingly met her parents' expectations, Mary quietly began to reject them. She would resist her mother's world of domesticity throughout her entire
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Through her different genres of work including children's stories, poems, and short stories, Mary
Wilkins Freeman sought to demonstrate her values as a feminist. During the time which she was writing, she did this in nonconventional ways; for example, she diverged from making her female characters
184:
in 1892, she met Dr. Charles
Manning Freeman, a non-practicing medical doctor seven years younger than she. After years of courtship and delays, the two were married on January 1, 1902. Immediately after, she firmly established her name as "Mary E. Wilkins Freeman", which she asked
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Freeman's father died suddenly in 1883, leaving her without any immediate family and an estate worth only $ 973. Wilkins returned to her hometown of
Randolph. She moved in with a friend, Mary J. Wales, and began writing as her only source of income.
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of short stories which combined domestic realism with supernaturalism and these have proved very influential. Her best known work was written in the 1880s and 1890s while she lived in
Randolph. She produced more than two dozen volumes of published
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to use on all of her work. The couple built a home in
Metuchen, where Freeman became a local celebrity for her writing, despite having occasionally published satirical fictional representations of her neighbors. Her husband suffered from
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life. Her story, "The Revolt of Mother" is especially significant in this context, for the story seems to have been written as a tribute to her mother's work, a form of work she had never valued in her mother's lifetime.
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Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins. "The Norton
Anthology of American Literature". seventh ed. Vol. C. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton & Company, 2007. Pg. 625-26.
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Although she produced a dozen volumes of short stories and as many novels, Freeman is remembered chiefly for the first two collections of stories,
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on
October 31, 1852, to Eleanor Lothrop and Warren Edward Wilkins, who originally baptized her "Mary Ella". Freeman's parents were orthodox
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Garvey, Ellen Gruber (2009). "Less work for 'Mother': rural readers, farm papers, and the makeover of 'The Revolt of 'Mother'".
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and an addiction to sleeping powders. He also had a reputation for driving fast horses and womanizing. He was committed to the
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Finding aid to Mary
Eleanor Wilkins Freeman letters at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
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Freeman suffered a heart attack and died in Metuchen on March 15, 1930, aged 77. She was laid to rest in
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Harris, S. (2002). "Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's 'A New England Nun' and the Dilemma of the Woman Artist".
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Image of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman scanned from frontispiece of her novel
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Mary E. Wilkins Freeman page, links to works on the web, bibliography
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The Heart's Highway: A Romance of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century
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692:– Metuchen home, listed on the NRHP in Middlesex County, New Jersey
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In a Closet Hidden: The Life and Work of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
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In a Closet Hidden: The Life and Work of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
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The Wind in the Rose Bush and Other Stories of the Supernatural
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was adapted from a Freeman short story; it was commissioned by
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and novels. She is best known for two collections of stories,
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Fishinger, Sondra. "Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, 1852–1930", in
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Fishinger, Sondra. "Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, 1852–1930", in
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Fishinger, Sondra. "Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, 1852–1930", in
142:(October 31, 1852 – March 13, 1930) was an American author.
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Artist and Audience in Three Mary Wilkins Freeman Stories
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In April 1926, Freeman became the first recipient of the
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Burials at Hillside Cemetery (Scotch Plains, New Jersey)
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The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales
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Character Types in the Fiction of Mary Wilkins Freeman
776:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997: 141.
745:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997: 140.
713:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997: 139.
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The Uncollected Short Stories of Mary Wilkins Freeman
289:(1894), and she contributed a notable chapter to the
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Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
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853:"Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's first published story"
797:"Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman | American author"
283:life. Freeman is also remembered for her novel
1081:Works by or about Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
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1060:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1014:. Amherst: University of Mass. Press, 1996.
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926:Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers
774:Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women
743:Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women
711:Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women
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1028:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
507:Mary E. Wilkins, from the inside cover of
111:American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1926
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1390:20th-century American short story writers
1385:19th-century American short story writers
549:The Love of Parson Lord and Other Stories
169:(then, Mount Holyoke Female Seminary) in
198:New Jersey State Hospital for the Insane
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1136:The Revolt of Mother-Free Short Story
1090:Works by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
1072:Works by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
1040:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
959:The Village Singer opera in one act.
830:. University of Massachusetts Press.
279:(1891). Her stories deal mostly with
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213:American Academy of Arts and Letters
211:for Distinction in Fiction from the
119:Dr. Charles Manning Freeman (m.1902)
1375:19th-century American women writers
1370:20th-century American women writers
1340:People from Randolph, Massachusetts
669:The Best Stories of Mary E. Wilkins
573:A Far-Away Melody and Other Stories
335:A New England Nun and Other Stories
325:Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman, 1900.
1315:American women short story writers
1124:A New England Nun-Free Short Story
416:A Humble Romance and Other Stories
341:(1894) (Britannica Encyclopedia).
331:A Humble Romance and Other Stories
270:A Humble Romance and Other Stories
259:Freeman began writing stories and
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1360:American women children's writers
1254:The Pot of Gold and Other Stories
446:The Pot of Gold and Other Stories
1335:People from Metuchen, New Jersey
1246:Young Lucretia and Other Stories
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438:Young Lucretia and Other Stories
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1300:20th-century American novelists
1295:19th-century American novelists
651:The Copy–Cat, and Other Stories
473:Comfort Pease and Her Gold Ring
378:By Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
1037:New International Encyclopedia
869:10.5406/amerlitereal.45.3.0268
851:Eppard, Philip (Spring 2013).
509:The people of our neighborhood
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1051:"Wilkins, Mary Eleanor"
1031:"Wilkins, Mary Eleanor"
318:, and was premiered in 1979.
161:In 1867, the family moved to
16:American novelist (1852–1930)
1345:Novelists from Massachusetts
1330:Mount Holyoke College alumni
1197:Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
824:Glasser, Leah Blatt (1996).
627:The Winning Lady, and Others
609:The Fair Lavinia, and Others
591:The Givers and Other Stories
394:Resources in other libraries
370:Resources in other libraries
356:Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
316:Opera Theater of Saint Louis
140:Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
1305:American children's writers
1096:(public domain audiobooks)
171:South Hadley, Massachusetts
77:, Scotch Plains, New Jersey
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1129:December 15, 2018, at the
690:Mary Wilkins Freeman House
517:People of Our Neighborhood
497:Silence, and other Stories
209:William Dean Howells Medal
1350:Novelists from New Jersey
911:Studies in American Humor
857:American Literary Realism
389:Resources in your library
365:Resources in your library
224:Scotch Plains, New Jersey
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1320:American women novelists
1310:American fantasy writers
615:By the Light of the Soul
1262:Collected Ghost Stories
1057:Encyclopædia Britannica
801:Encyclopedia Britannica
676:Collected Ghost Stories
152:Randolph, Massachusetts
52:Randolph, Massachusetts
25:Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
621:The Shoulders of Atlas
523:Some of Our Neighbours
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337:(1891), and the novel
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1355:Burials in New Jersey
963:. En.schott-music.com
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410:The Adventures of Ann
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167:Mount Holyoke College
961:"The Village Singer"
567:The Portion of Labor
431:The Revolt of Mother
255:, published in 1892.
182:Metuchen, New Jersey
163:Brattleboro, Vermont
150:Freeman was born in
66:Metuchen, New Jersey
1223:(contributor; 1908)
1008:Glasser, Leah Blatt
890:Carter, J. (2008).
639:The Butterfly House
291:collaborative novel
938:10.1353/leg.0.0068
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491:Jerome, a Poor Man
404:Decorative Plaques
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308:The Village Singer
306:The one-act opera
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180:During a visit to
156:Congregationalists
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1239:A New England Nun
1076:Project Gutenberg
529:In Colonial Times
425:and Other Stories
423:A New England Nun
351:Library resources
277:and Other Stories
275:A New England Nun
220:Hillside Cemetery
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985:. Eamdc.com
932:: 119–135.
459:Giles Corey
333:(1887) and
281:New England
272:(1887) and
230:Adolescence
90:Nationality
1279:Categories
837:1558490280
697:References
603:Doc Gordon
597:The Debtor
453:Jane Field
253:Jane Field
194:alcoholism
82:Occupation
46:1852-10-31
1119:Biography
989:April 18,
967:April 18,
946:162009943
877:161792833
579:Six Trees
293:entitled
146:Biography
124:Signature
1241:" (1891)
1212:Pembroke
1127:Archived
1094:LibriVox
913:: 27–39.
684:See also
466:Pembroke
339:Pembroke
299:(1908).
286:Pembroke
188:Harper's
93:American
85:Novelist
1083:at the
1023::
635:(1910)]
479:Madelon
243:Writing
202:Trenton
1265:(1974)
1257:(1892)
1249:(1892)
1215:(1894)
1204:Novels
944:
875:
834:
780:
749:
717:
679:(1974)
671:(1927)
665:(1918)
659:(1917)
653:(1914)
647:(1912)
641:(1912)
629:(1909)
623:(1908)
617:(1907)
611:(1907)
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441:(1892)
433:(1891)
427:(1891)
418:(1887)
412:(1886)
406:(1883)
353:about
116:Spouse
1105:Works
942:S2CID
873:S2CID
261:verse
991:2017
969:2017
832:ISBN
808:2018
778:ISBN
747:ISBN
715:ISBN
57:Died
40:Born
1107:at
1092:at
1074:at
934:doi
865:doi
310:by
222:in
200:in
1281::
1054:.
1034:.
1010:.
940:.
930:26
928:.
894:.
871:.
861:45
859:.
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816:^
799:.
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757:^
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226:.
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1189:e
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