541:
503:, which was a manned space exploration aimed towards testing equipment and various procedures while in Earth's orbit. The Agena was used as a rendezvous and docking spot for the Gemini team. This project came to fruition in 1966 when it was launched into space and had a successful mission. This project was the beginning of the United States' involvement in the
457:. She was one of only forty people who worked on this project and was the only female on the team. The work done by Ross and her team for the Skunk Works project was highly confidential, and even now, most of the specifics are still classified. However, it is known that Ross's work on the Skunk Works project involved "preliminary design concepts for
423:. The P-38 was one of the fastest airplanes designed at the time: it was the first military airplane to fly faster than 400 mph (640 km/h) in level flight. Throughout her career, Ross helped to solve numerous design issues involved with
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by
Lockheed. Her primary role, at the beginning of her career at Lockheed, was working on developing fighter planes. One of her assignments during this time was analyzing the effects of pressure on the
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556:. This society focuses on aiding in the development of other young women in their pursuit of a career in engineering by providing mentoring, scholarship, and community to young women.
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to study further. While at UCLA, she was able to obtain a professional certification in engineering. Ross was the first Native
American woman to obtain this certification.
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Following WWII, when men returned from war and displaced women from the jobs they held during the war, Lockheed decided to keep Ross on their team. They even sent Ross to
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and other new defense technologies for this new branch. It was also during this time that Ross made important discoveries for advancing technology related to
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By the late 1960s, Ross was promoted to the senior advanced systems staff engineer position. This led to Ross joining the team working on the
306:, the second of five children of William Wallace Ross Jr and Mary Henrietta Moore Ross. She was the great-granddaughter of the Cherokee Chief
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and worked to recruit young women and Native
American youth into engineering careers. Since the 1950s, she had been a founding member of the
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project while at
Lockheed Corporation. Throughout her life, Ross was dedicated to the advancement of young women and Native Americans in
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544:"Mary G. Ross: Scientist, Engineer, Cherokee-American" in honor of Mary G. Ross, created by Lawrence Kinney, Buffalo State College.
241:, crewed and uncrewed earth-orbiting flights, the earliest studies of orbiting satellites for both defense and civilian purposes."
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507:. Ross's main role in this project was in developing the specific criteria for the rocket itself using her extensive research in
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404:, New Mexico. While she was working at the boarding school, Ross was working towards completing her Master's in mathematics.
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from their land under Andrew
Jackson. This settlement for the Cherokee Nation was complete with a school and government.
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A few years after obtaining her Master's degree, Ross relocated to
California in 1941 to seek work after the US joined
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511:. This aided in her advancement to establishing preliminary design concepts for flyby missions to Venus and Mars.
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to the museum. This endowment was left to continue her legacy of support and celebration for Native
Americans.
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274:. She worked at Lockheed from 1942 until her retirement in 1973, where she was best remembered for her work on
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Ross began her career teaching math and science in rural
Oklahoma schools for nine years, mostly during the
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Skunk Works
Project Polaris Project Agena Rocket Project Poseidon Missile Project Trident Missile Project
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1028:"Mary G. Ross blazed a trail in the sky as a woman engineer in the space race, celebrated museum"
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Woman of
Achievement Award, California State Federation of Business and Professional Clubs, 1961
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310:. John Ross was influential in the creation of the new settlement in Oklahoma following the
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She also supported the American Indians in Science and Engineering Society (AISES) and the
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for fighter jets. Ross was able to perform intricate calculations to advance the field of
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fields. Ten years after her death, in 2018, Ross was chosen to be depicted on the 2019
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Silicon Valley Engineering Council’s Hall of Fame, 1992, Fellow and life member of the
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1229:"The Cherokee Nation Remembers Mary Golda Ross, the First Woman Engineer for Lockheed"
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1416:"The Google Doodle celebrates a pioneering female Native American aerospace engineer"
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1315:"Mary G. Ross | Biology Inclusion Committee | Washington University in St. Louis"
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Ross's engineering career at Lockheed prepared her for her contributions to the
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branch. Ross played an important role in research and performance evaluation of
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in Tahlequah. She earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1928, at age 20.
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278:. She was one of the 40 founding engineers of the renowned and highly secretive
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461:, crewed and uncrewed earth-orbiting flights, the earliest studies of orbiting
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https://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/mary-golda-ross-she-reached-stars
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In 1992, The Santa Clara Valley Section established a scholarship in her name.
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female engineer. She was also the first female engineer in the history of the
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812:"United States Mint Unveils Design for 2019 Native American $ 1 Coin Reverse"
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In 1952, Ross helped found Lockheed's Advanced Development Program, known as
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for a professional certification in engineering, which she obtained in 1949.
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1084:
The Lockheed P-38 Lightning: The Definitive Story of Lockheed's P-38 Fighter
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https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/mary-g-ross-aerospace-engineer
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classes as were offered to satisfy her intense fascination with space.
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made by her niece, Ross participated in the opening ceremonies of the
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A talented child, she was sent to live with her grandparents in the
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Peninsula Woman of the Year, by the women's communications society
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At age 96, wearing her "first traditional Cherokee dress" of green
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Another major contribution Ross made while at Lockheed was for the
1086:. Hayesville, North Carolina: Widewing Publications. p. 215.
539:
898:
Zierdt-Warshaw, Linda; Winkler, Alan; Bernstein, Leonard (2000).
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in Washington, D.C. Upon her death in 2008, she left a $ 400,000
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In 1936, Ross took the civil service examination to work for the
527:
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1143:"Mary Golda Ross: Aerospace Engineer, Educator, and Advocate"
1061:. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International. p. 8.
673:"Mary Golda Ross: The first Native American female engineer"
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In 1937, she was reassigned as an advisor to girls at the
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California Federation of Business and Professional Women
351:. While obtaining her Master's, Ross still took as many
965:"Celebrating the First Native American Female Engineer"
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Silicon Valley Engineering Council’s Hall of Fame, 1992
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712:. Silicon Valley Engineering Council. Archived from
1509:
https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/maryross.htm
1057:Thornborough, Anthony M.; Davies, Peter E. (1988).
902:
American women in technology : an encyclopedia
294:celebrating Native Americans in the space program.
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999:Rocky Mountain Alliance For Minority Participation
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842:"'Golda' Ross left teaching to support war effort"
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582:Awards, recognitions, and important contributions
532:, which is still relevant to space travel today.
476:, Lockheed recognized this shift and created the
169:in Greeley, master's degree in mathematics, 1938
1259:"Museum: Three elders, a century of inspiration"
940:"Cherokee rocket scientist leaves heavenly gift"
499:project. The Agena rocket was a big part of the
266:(August 9, 1908 – April 29, 2008) was the first
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604:American Indian Science and Engineering Society
174:, professional certificate in engineering, 1949
335:In 1938, Ross received her Master's degree in
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1629:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
1446:"Mary Golda Ross: She Reached for the Stars"
1340:"California Business and Professional Women"
1113:"Mary Golda Ross: She Reached for the Stars"
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833:
637:Ross is pictured on the reverse of the 2019
488:and defense systems that would apply to the
1471:"2019 Native American $ 1 Coin | U.S. Mint"
787:"Mary G. Ross (U.S. National Park Service)"
302:Mary G. Ross was born in the small town of
1549:20th-century American women mathematicians
1499:https://www.nps.gov/people/mary-g-ross.htm
1394:"Mary Ross Scholarship (established 1992)"
1032:The National Museum of the American Indian
995:"People of Color in STEM: Mary Golda Ross"
468:As the nation’s focus shifted towards the
42:
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563:by expanding their educational programs.
472:and new weapon technology in the form of
465:for both defense and civilian purposes."
164:, bachelor's degree in mathematics, 1928
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615:'s Award for Woman of Distinction, 1961
592:NASA Planetary Flight Handbook Vol. III
1634:University of Northern Colorado alumni
1195:Mary Ouimette-Kinney (July 10, 2016).
1171:"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details"
988:
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877:The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
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671:Williams, Jasmin K. (March 21, 2013).
572:National Museum of the American Indian
548:After retiring in 1973, Ross lived in
1609:People from Cherokee County, Oklahoma
1544:20th-century American women engineers
1539:20th-century American philanthropists
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873:"Mary Golda Ross and the Skunk Works"
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364:University of California, Los Angeles
196:NASA Planetary Flight Handbook Vol. 3
182:First Native American female engineer
172:University of California, Los Angeles
27:First Native American female engineer
7:
1604:Northeastern State University alumni
1534:20th-century American mathematicians
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362:, Lockheed sent Mary G. Ross to the
330:Northeastern State Teachers' College
162:Northeastern State Teachers' College
1374:from the original on August 9, 2018
906:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
814:. December 10, 2018. Archived from
1669:20th-century women philanthropists
1649:21st-century Native American women
1639:20th-century Native American women
1414:Croucher, Shane (August 9, 2018).
1265:. January 14, 2011. Archived from
969:Indian Country Today Media Network
938:Briggs, Kara (December 24, 2008).
328:When she was 16, Ross enrolled in
25:
1614:People from Los Altos, California
608:Council of Energy Resource Tribes
561:Council of Energy Resource Tribes
237:"Preliminary design concepts for
1664:Native American women scientists
1288:Smith, Yvette (August 9, 2018).
1026:Briggs, Kara (October 7, 2009).
993:Whipple, Erin (April 27, 2021).
530:Planetary Flight Handbook Vol. 3
1619:Philanthropists from California
1529:20th-century American engineers
398:American Indian boarding school
345:University of Northern Colorado
341:Colorado State Teachers College
232:
167:Colorado State Teachers College
1589:Mathematicians from California
1569:Cherokee Nation businesspeople
1564:American women philanthropists
1368:"Mary G. Ross' 110th Birthday"
1235:. May 13, 2008. Archived from
840:Agnew, Brad (March 20, 2016).
621:Fellow and life member of the
1:
1644:21st-century Native Americans
1624:Philanthropists from Oklahoma
486:submarine launched spacecraft
414:In 1942, Ross was hired as a
1594:Mathematicians from Oklahoma
1559:American aerospace engineers
1290:"Mary Ross: A Hidden Figure"
1263:American Indian News Service
710:"Hall of Fame: Mary G. Ross"
652:Timeline of women in science
602:Achievement awards from the
1211:"Obituary for Mary G. Ross"
478:Lockheed Missiles and Space
459:interplanetary space travel
312:removal of Native Americans
239:interplanetary space travel
1700:
1082:Bodie, Warren M. (2001) .
679:. New York. Archived from
623:Society of Women Engineers
613:The San Francisco Examiner
554:Society of Women Engineers
389:, as a statistical clerk.
251:Society of Women Engineers
1599:Native American engineers
1574:Engineers from California
1554:Women aerospace engineers
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192:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
41:
755:mathwomen.agnesscott.org
383:Bureau of Indian Affairs
298:Early life and education
288:Native American $ 1 Coin
48:Native American Engineer
1674:Women rocket scientists
1579:Engineers from Oklahoma
421:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
122:35.851221°N 94.947831°W
545:
394:Santa Fe Indian School
1679:Cherokee Nation women
1215:San Jose Mercury News
846:Tahlequah Daily Press
550:Los Altos, California
543:
435:using only a pencil,
127:35.851221; -94.947831
87:Los Altos, California
1239:on December 21, 2013
1038:on December 30, 2012
818:on December 16, 2018
716:on November 29, 2020
272:Lockheed Corporation
223:Lockheed Corporation
1269:on January 16, 2011
1175:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
1059:Lockheed Blackbirds
879:. November 19, 2021
343:, now known as the
323:Tahlequah, Oklahoma
304:Park Hill, Oklahoma
204:Great-grandfather:
118: /
100:Park Hill, Oklahoma
68:Park Hill, Oklahoma
1370:. August 9, 2018.
1147:airandspace.si.edu
948:. NMAI Newservice.
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482:ballistic missiles
234:Significant design
213:Engineering career
1426:on August 9, 2018
1068:978-0-7110-1794-8
683:on April 10, 2013
634:on August 9, 2018
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