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or an incinerator. Between 5 and 45% of "dirty" MRF material is recovered. Potential hazards are also removed, such as lithium batteries, propane tanks, and aerosol cans, which can create fires. Materials like plastic bags and hoses, which can entangle the recycling equipment, are also removed. From there, materials are transported via another conveyer belt to the disk screen, which separates wide and flat materials like flattened cardboard boxes from items like cans, jars, paper, and bottles. Flattened boxes ride across the disk screen to the other side, while all other materials fall below, where paper is separated from the waste stream with a blower. The stream of cardboard and paper is overseen by more human workers, who ensure no plastic, metal, or glass is present. Newer MRFs or retrofitted ones may use industrial robots instead of humans for pre-sorting and for quality control. However, complete removal of human labor from the sortation process is unlikely for the foreseeable future, as one needs to replicate the dexterity of the human hand and nervous system for removing every type of contaminant within a material stream. The technical limitations of this involve advanced concepts in mechatronics and computer science, where a robot hand would need to be designed, and a highly flexible algorithm that creates another precise movement algorithm within the time constraints of the system (say, the highly approximate estimate of 30,000 lines of code to do this on a modern processor would trigger too long of a delay to be effective on a sortation line). In other words, one would need to search an encyclopedia of said robotic hand motions for every configuration of waste for every pick, and this may be computationally insurmountable, even with quantum computing, as every conditional would need to be checked every iteration.
31:
73:, pronounced "murf") is a specialized waste sorting and recycling system that receives, separates and prepares recyclable materials for marketing to end-user manufacturers. Generally, the main recyclable materials include ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal, plastics, paper, glass. Organic food waste is used to anaerobic digestion or composting. Inorganic inert waste is used to make building materials. Non-recyclable high calorific value waste is used to making RDF and SRF.
248:. Today, MWPFs are attracting renewed interest as a way to address low participation rates for source-separated recycling collection systems and prepare fuel products and/or feedstocks for conversion technologies. MWPFs can give communities the opportunity to recycle at much higher rates than has been demonstrated by curbside or other waste collection systems. Advances in technology make today’s MWPF different and, in many respects better, than older versions.
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165:). Infrared light reflects differently off different polymer types; once identified, a jet of air shoots the plastic into the appropriate bin. MRFs might only collect and recycle a few polymers of plastic, sending the rest to landfills or incinerators. The separated materials are baled and sent to the shipping dock of the facility.
239:
A mixed-waste processing system, sometimes referred to as a dirty MRF, accepts a mixed solid waste stream and then proceeds to separate out designated recyclable materials through a combination of manual and mechanical sorting. The sorted recyclable materials may undergo further processing required
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Waste enters a MRF when it is dumped onto the tipping floor by the collection trucks. The materials are then scooped up and placed onto conveyor belts, which transports it to the pre-sorting area. Here, human workers remove some items that are not recyclable, which will either be sent to a landfill
667:
Finstein, M. S., Zadik, Y., Marshall, A. T. & Brody, D. (2004) The ArrowBio
Process for Mixed Municipal Solid Waste – Responses to “Requests for Information”, Proceedings for Biodegradable and Residual Waste Management, Proceedings. (Eds. E. K. Papadimitriou & E. I. Stentiford), Technology
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is expensive for these facilities, but a study estimated that costs could be cut significantly by investments in improved glass processing. In Texas, Austin and
Houston have facilities which have invested glass recycling, built and operated by Balcones Recycling and
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plastics) and a mixed paper stream including corrugated cardboard boxes, newspapers, magazines, office paper and junk mail. Material is sorted to specifications, then baled, shredded, crushed, compacted, or otherwise prepared for shipment to market.
39:
108:
In 2018, a survey in the
Northeast United States found that the processing cost per ton was $ 82, versus a value of around $ 45 per ton. Composition of the ton included 28% mixed paper and 24% old corrugated containers (OCC).
272:. These combine a dirty MRF with water, which acts to densify, separate and clean the output streams. It also hydrocrushes and dissolves biodegradable organics in solution to make them suitable for
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where all recyclable material is mixed, or dual stream MRFs, where source-separated recyclables are delivered in a mixed container stream (typically glass,
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Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc., American
Chemistry Council, (2015) The Evolution of Mixed Waste Processing Facilities 1970-Today
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In the United States, there are over 300 materials recovery facilities. The total market size is estimated at $ 6.6B as of 2019.
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established
Resource Recovery Systems, Inc. in Branford, Connecticut, the "first materials recovery facility (MRF)" in the US.
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generated by either residential or commercial sources. There are a variety of clean MRFs. The most common are
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Mastermind of the MRF Logsdon, Gene. BioCycle. Emmaus: Apr 1993. Vol. 34, Iss. 4; pg. 49, ff.
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The glass and plastic streams are separated by further disk screens. The glass is crushed into
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As of 2016, the top 75 were headed by Sims
Municipal Recycling out of Brooklyn, New York.
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companies have announced initiatives to use more recycled fiber.
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A materials recovery facility for the recycling of domestic waste
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materials that have already been separated at the source from
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Robots have spread across the industry, helping with sorting.
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operated 95 MRF facilities total, with 26 in the top 75.
740:"Coming soon! van der Linde's amazing recycling machine"
494:"Companies plan investments in US recycled paper mills"
445:"NERC survey offers insight into today's MRF economics"
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In the United States, modern MRFs began in the 1970s.
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Metal is separated from plastics and glass first with
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227:Mixed-waste processing facility (MWPF) / Dirty MRF
49:Clean materials recovery facility recycling video
244:stream is sent to a disposal facility such as a
750:The Role of MRFS in Modern Day Waste Management
567:Petrova, Lori Ioannou, Magdalena (2019-07-27).
519:"Glass is costing MRFs $ 150 million annually"
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591:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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745:"Materials Recovery Facility Solutions"
713:"What is a Materials Recovery Facility"
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308:List of waste treatment technologies
235:Manual material triage for recycling
680:"Chaz Miller - Onto the next stage"
617:Waldrop, M. Mitchell (2020-10-01).
328:Transfer station (waste management)
357:waste sorting and recycling system
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394:"Recycling Facilities in the US"
172:Main processing building at the
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318:Mechanical biological treatment
266:mechanical biological treatment
717:Green and Blue Waste Solutions
214:and other non-ferrous metals,
59:materials reclamation facility
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2138:Container-deposit legislation
682:. Northeast Recycling Council
18:Materials recovery facilities
63:materials recycling facility
1833:Materials recovery facility
1479:History of waste management
176:, Brooklyn, New York - 2015
55:materials recovery facility
27:Plant to process recyclates
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2301:Waste treatment technology
1067:fluorescent lamp recycling
678:Miller, Chaz (June 2017).
369:"Sortation by the numbers"
100:operated 4 in the top 75.
96:operated 6 in the top 75.
92:operated 6 in the top 75.
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632:10.1146/knowable-092920-1
619:"Recycling meets reality"
1449:China's waste import ban
2163:Reverse vending machine
810:Agricultural wastewater
523:Resource Recycling News
498:Resource Recycling News
449:Resource Recycling News
373:Resource Recycling News
298:Cradle-to-cradle design
148:eddy current separators
2203:Water recycling shower
2047:Reuse of human excreta
2017:Recycling (ecological)
2002:Material flow analysis
1534:Environment portal
1212:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1102:water recycling shower
333:Waste characterization
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1992:Interchangeable parts
1987:Industrial metabolism
902:Municipal solid waste
882:Industrial wastewater
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200:municipal solid waste
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67:multi re-use facility
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2198:Water heat recycling
2188:Waste management law
1097:water heat recycling
1002:Garden waste dumping
2148:Ethical consumerism
2082:Urban lumberjacking
2012:Product stewardship
1962:Eco-industrial park
1464:Eco-industrial park
1052:appliance recycling
972:Anaerobic digestion
917:Post-consumer waste
815:Biodegradable waste
470:"OCC hits new lows"
313:List of waste types
303:Curbside collection
274:anaerobic digestion
2221:Environment portal
2092:Waste minimisation
2037:Reusable packaging
1982:Industrial ecology
1509:Waste minimisation
1454:Cleaner production
1119:Reusable packaging
1032:Mechanical sorting
835:Construction waste
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2022:Refill (campaign)
1967:Ecological design
1947:Dematerialization
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1413:Sanitation worker
1387:London Convention
1323:Bamako Convention
1114:Resource recovery
1082:textile recycling
1077:plastic recycling
1057:battery recycling
997:Ecological design
922:Radioactive waste
623:Knowable Magazine
418:"No lightweights"
398:www.ibisworld.com
323:Resource recovery
264:Around 2004, new
98:Waste Connections
94:Republic Services
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1062:bottle recycling
1042:Reclaimed lumber
1037:Photodegradation
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1854:Rate by country
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1007:Illegal dumping
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2168:Simple living
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2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Pallet crafts
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2154:
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2141:
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2100:
2098:
2097:Waste picking
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2075:
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2040:
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2033:
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2028:
2027:Repairability
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Green economy
1975:
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1965:
1963:
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1955:
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1950:
1948:
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1943:
1940:
1939:
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1927:
1926:United States
1924:
1920:
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1912:
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1867:
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1857:
1855:
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1839:
1838:Waste sorting
1836:
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1767:Mobile phones
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1565:Organizations
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1484:Landfill fire
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1333:EU directives
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1318:
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1307:United States
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1144:Waste sorting
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1132:
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1005:
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985:
983:
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948:
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938:
935:
933:
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928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
892:Marine debris
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
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858:
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708:
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681:
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495:
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486:
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410:
399:
395:
389:
386:
374:
370:
364:
361:
358:
353:
350:
343:
339:
338:Waste sorting
336:
334:
331:
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326:
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311:
309:
306:
304:
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299:
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291:
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271:
267:
258:
251:
249:
247:
243:
233:
226:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:ferrous metal
205:
204:single stream
201:
197:
193:
185:
180:
175:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
140:
133:
131:
128:
126:
121:
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101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
32:
19:
2267:
2128:Cogeneration
1957:Durable good
1832:
1437:Other topics
1428:Waste picker
1355:incineration
1134:Urban mining
1031:
1012:Incineration
992:Durable good
937:Sharps waste
897:Mining waste
720:. Retrieved
716:
707:
696:
684:. Retrieved
673:
660:
649:
622:
576:. Retrieved
572:
562:
551:. Retrieved
547:
538:
527:. Retrieved
525:. 2017-04-20
522:
513:
502:. Retrieved
500:. 2019-08-13
497:
488:
477:. Retrieved
473:
464:
453:. Retrieved
451:. 2019-08-27
448:
425:. Retrieved
421:
412:
401:. Retrieved
397:
388:
377:. Retrieved
375:. 2018-10-01
372:
363:
352:
286:Peter Karter
283:
269:
263:
238:
191:
189:
161:technology (
152:
141:
137:
129:
118:
111:
107:
83:
80:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
52:
2241:by material
2102:Wishcycling
2052:Repurposing
1952:Downcycling
1904:Switzerland
1740:PET bottles
1688:Cooking oil
1673:Refrigerant
1459:Downcycling
1406:Occupations
1375:waste water
1272:Switzerland
1262:South Korea
1252:New Zealand
1177:Afghanistan
1149:Waste trade
1109:Repurposing
947:Toxic waste
927:Scrap metal
862:Green waste
825:Brown waste
802:Major types
242:mixed waste
90:ReCommunity
2285:Categories
2246:by product
2236:by country
2153:Freeganism
2133:Composting
2107:Zero waste
2007:Precycling
1828:Collection
1818:Blue boxes
1720:Appliances
1514:Zero waste
1316:Agreements
1247:Kazakhstan
1202:Bangladesh
987:Composting
872:Heat waste
857:Food waste
850:by country
722:2024-01-24
578:2019-08-29
553:2019-08-29
529:2019-08-29
504:2019-08-29
479:2019-08-29
455:2019-08-29
427:2019-08-29
403:2019-08-29
379:2019-08-29
344:References
196:recyclable
114:paper mill
2296:Recycling
2077:Upcycling
2071:Green Dot
1859:Australia
1847:Countries
1813:Blue bags
1801:Apparatus
1747:Computers
1730:Batteries
1623:Aluminium
1615:Materials
1607:Recycling
1494:Upcycling
1360:landfills
1350:framework
1343:Recycling
1338:batteries
1267:Sri Lanka
1227:Hong Kong
1192:Australia
1169:Countries
1047:Recycling
965:Processes
786:Biosolids
641:224901411
192:clean MRF
2231:Category
2116:See also
1935:Concepts
1894:Mongolia
1889:Malaysia
1792:Vehicles
1782:Textiles
1712:Products
1633:Concrete
1555:Journals
1370:vehicles
1292:Thailand
1282:Tanzania
1017:Landfill
977:Balefill
587:cite web
292:See also
270:wet MRFs
246:landfill
212:aluminum
194:accepts
159:infrared
2269:Commons
1874:Ireland
1735:Bottles
1668:Plastic
1628:Asphalt
1222:Georgia
1197:Belgium
1187:Armenia
1182:Albania
280:History
252:Wet MRF
134:Process
2067:Symbol
1909:Taiwan
1879:Israel
1869:Canada
1864:Brazil
1762:Lumber
1683:Timber
1658:Gypsum
1648:Energy
1643:Cotton
1638:Copper
1543:
1297:Turkey
1287:Taiwan
1257:Russia
1237:Israel
1207:Brazil
932:Sewage
887:Litter
792:, and
686:2 June
639:
155:cullet
2258:Index
2173:Waste
2057:Reuse
1884:Japan
1823:Codes
1787:Tires
1777:Ships
1772:Paint
1752:Drugs
1693:Water
1678:Scrap
1663:Paper
1653:Glass
1560:Lists
1550:Index
1277:Syria
1242:Japan
1232:India
1217:Egypt
790:waste
637:S2CID
186:Clean
181:Types
1808:Bins
1380:WEEE
1365:RoHS
688:2017
593:link
573:CNBC
220:HDPE
218:and
627:doi
216:PET
71:MRF
65:or
2287::
788:,
715:.
635:.
625:.
621:.
601:^
589:}}
585:{{
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546:.
521:.
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69:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
