388:: If any asks which were the actual words spoken by John, whether those reported by Matthew, or by Luke, or by Mark, it may be shown, that there is no difficulty here to him who rightly understands that the sense is essential to our knowledge of the truth, but the words indifferent. And it is clear we ought not to deem any testimony false, because the same fact is related by several persons who were present in different words and different ways. Whoever thinks that the Evangelists might have been so inspired by the Holy Ghost that they should have differed among themselves neither in the choice, nor the number, nor the order of their words, he does not see that by how much the authority of the Evangelists is preeminent, so much the more is to be by them established the veracity of other men in the same circumstances. But the discrepancy may seem to be in the thing, and not only in words, between, I am not worthy to bear His shoes, and, to loose His shoe-latchet. Which of these two expressions did John use? He who has reported the very words will seem to have spoken truth; he who has given other words, though he have not hid, or been forgetful, yet has he said one thing for another. But the Evangelists should be clear of every kind of falseness, not only that of lying, but also that of forgetfulness. If then this discrepancy be important, we may suppose John to have used both expressions, either at different times, or both at the same time. But if he only meant to express the Lord’s greatness and his own humility, whether he used one or the other the sense is preserved, though any one should in his own words repeat the same profession of humility using the figure of the shoes; their will and intention does not differ. This then is a useful rule and one to be remembered, that it is no lie, when one fairly represents his meaning whose speech one is recounting, though one uses other words; if only one shows our meaning to be the same with his. Thus understood it is a wholesome direction, that we are to enquire only after the meaning of the speaker.
346:: The floor, is the Church, the barn, is the kingdom of heaven, the field, is the world. The Lord sends forth His Apostles and other teachers, as reapers to reap all nations of the earth, and gather them into the floor of the Church. Here we must be threshed and winnowed, for all men are delighted in carnal things as grain delights in the husk. But whoever is faithful and has the marrow of a good heart, as soon as he has a light tribulation, neglecting carnal things runs to the Lord; but if his faith be feeble, hardly with heavy sorrow; and he who is altogether void of faith, however he may be troubled, passes not over to God. The wheat when first thrashed lies in one heap with chaff and straw, and is after winnowed to separate it; so the faithful are mixed up in one Church with the unfaithful; but persecution comes as a wind, that, tossed by Christ’s fan, they whose hearts were separate before, may be also now separated in place. He shall not merely cleanse, but throughly cleanse; therefore the Church must needs be tried in many ways till this be accomplished. And first the Jews winnowed it, then the Gentiles, now the heretics, and after a time shall Antichrist throughly winnow it. For as when the blast is gentle, only the lighter chaff is carried off, but the heavier remains; so a slight wind of temptation carries off the worst characters only; but should a greater storm arise, even those who seem steadfast will depart. There is need then of heavier persecution that the Church should be cleansed.
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376:: There is this difference between the chaff and the tares, that the chaff is produced of the same seed as the wheat, but the tares from one of another kind. The chaff therefore are those who enjoy the sacraments of the faith, but are not solid; the tares are those who in profession as well as in works are separated from the lot of the good.
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imagery is quite clear. The wheat represents those who are truly repentant, the chaff those like the
Pharisees and Sadducees who are not. The messiah will clear the world, and those that are worthy would be brought into his "barn" while those that were unworthy will burn in unquenchable fire. France
364:: After the threshing is finished in this life, in which the grain now groans under the burden of the chaff, the fan of the last judgment shall so separate between them, that neither shall any chaff pass into the granary, nor shall the grain fall into the fire which consumes the chaff.
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Winnowing forks, generally made of wood, were common at the time, and several dating from this period have been found. Modern scholars mostly agree that the term "winnowing fork" is the most accurate but older versions have fan, shovel, broom, and other translations. In the
382:: The unquenchable fire is the punishment of eternal damnation; either because it never totally destroys or consumes those it has once seized on, but torments them eternally; or to distinguish it from purgatorial fire which is kindled for a time and again extinguished.
255:, a large flat surface. The unneeded chaff would then be burned. As with the axe already placed against the tree in the preceding verse, the winnowing fork is already in hand, emphasizing the nearness of judgement.
352:: This His floor, to wit, the Church, the Lord cleanses in this life, both when by the sentence of the Priests the bad are put out of the Church, and when they are cut off by death.
340:: By the fan is signified the separation of a just trial; that it is in the Lord’s hand, means, ‘in His power,’ as it is written, The Father hath committed all judgment to the Son.
370:: The wheat, i. e. the full and perfect fruit of the believer, he declares, shall be laid up in heavenly barns; by the chaff he means the emptiness of the unfruitful.
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In this verse John the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The Gospel
According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary.
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Some early manuscripts containing the text of this verse are:
100:. The verse occurs in the section relating the preachings of
459:. Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research
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The Gospel of
Matthew: a commentary on the Greek text.
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263:church the word was most often interpreted as
143:kai synaxei ton siton autou eis tēn apothēkēn
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126:καὶ συνάξει τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην,
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420:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005 pg. 148
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204:For a collection of other versions see
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247:that would be used to lift harvested
148:to de achyron katakausi pyri asbestō.
133:Hou to ptyon en tē cheiri autou, kai
129:τὸ δὲ ἄχυρον κατακαύσει πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ.
7:
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164:he will thoroughly purge his floor,
333:Commentary from the Church Fathers
120:οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ
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173:the chaff with unquenchable fire.
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200:burn up with unquenchable fire."
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433:Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.
191:cleanse his threshing floor. He
194:will gather his wheat into the
138:diakathariei tēn alōna autou,
1:
446:(London: 1997), pp. 2–4.
167:and gather his wheat into the
161:Whose fan is in his hand, and
157:of the Bible the text reads:
188:hand, and he will thoroughly
185:His winnowing fork is in his
123:διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ,
444:The Oxyrhynchus Papyri LXIV
197:barn, but the chaff he will
181:translates the passage as:
170:garner; but he will burn up
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1492:Five Discourses of Matthew
1759:American Standard Version
1585:The Visual Bible: Matthew
1095:Massacre of the Innocents
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326:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
239:, the word translated as
53:'s depiction of winnowing
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498:. Oxford, Parker. 1874.
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1310:Mary, sister of Martha
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1482:Matthean Posteriority
1477:Two-gospel hypothesis
1169:Feeding the multitude
1132:Behold the bridegroom
457:"Liste Handschriften"
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223:This verse describes
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1529:Joseph Smith–Matthew
1214:Crucifixion of Jesus
70:Christian Bible part
51:Jean-François Millet
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179:World English Bible
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1596:Manuscripts
1588:(1993 film)
1580:(1973 film)
1564:(1964 film)
1335:Simon Peter
1209:Last Supper
1194:Ten Virgins
1152:Golden Rule
1068:and phrases
613:Matthew 3:1
398:Malachi 4:1
320:Codex Bezae
296:Papyrus 101
114:Koine Greek
1739:Greek Text
1538:In culture
1224:Empty tomb
1142:Beatitudes
1117:Temptation
404:References
310:(~330–360)
304:(~325–350)
1785:Matthew 3
1603:Papyrus 1
1553:Structure
1416:Jerusalem
1401:Capernaum
1396:Bethsaida
1391:Bethlehem
1370:Sanhedrin
1365:Sadducees
1360:Pharisees
1199:Anointing
964:Matthew 1
811:Matthew 1
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597:chapter 3
546:Chapter 3
463:27 August
386:Augustine
276:Sadducees
272:Pharisees
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1522:Shem Tob
1507:Immanuel
1457:M source
1452:Q source
1270:Jeremiah
1255:Caiaphas
803:Chapters
392:See also
211:Analysis
1732:Sources
1445:Related
1431:Samaria
1411:Galilee
1386:Bethany
1345:Zebedee
1315:Matthew
1112:Baptism
1039:16:2b–3
153:In the
116:it is:
108:Content
96:in the
92:of the
37: →
28:←
1379:Places
1355:Angels
1351:Groups
1340:Thomas
1330:Rachel
1320:Philip
1290:Joseph
1250:Andrew
1243:People
1219:Burial
1066:Events
1024:13:1–3
956:Verses
328:(~450)
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278:. The
1426:Judea
1406:Egypt
1265:James
1260:Herod
788:Bible
702:Terms
605:Verse
265:broom
249:wheat
237:Ptyon
233:chaff
229:wheat
86:verse
1300:Mary
1280:John
1085:Magi
465:2011
274:and
177:The
60:Book
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30:3:11
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