177:-killed poliovirus vaccine, testing it first on Brodie himself and five co-workers, and eventually on 7,000 children and adults, with another 4,500 people serving as a control group. In the control group, Brodie reported that five out of 4500 developed polio; in the group receiving the vaccine, one out of 7,000 developed polio. This difference is not quite statistically significant, and other researchers believed that the one case was likely caused by the vaccine. Two more possible cases were reported later. Rockefeller Institute Virologist
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and frequently affecting children in towns where no polio outbreak had occurred. He had no control group, but asserted that many more children would have gotten sick. The response from other researchers was uncharacteristically blunt; one of them directly called Kolmer a murderer. Brodie presented his results afterwards, but the feelings of the researchers were
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in
Philadelphia, presented his findings first. He had developed an attenuated poliovirus vaccine, which he tested in about 10,000 children across much of the United States and Canada. Five of these children died of polio and 10 more were paralyzed, usually in the arm where the vaccine was injected,
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in
November 1935. Both projects were cancelled as a result of complications from vaccine trials resulting in the death of 6 participants and the paralysis of 10 others. The resulting public outrage delayed further research on the polio vaccine until the 1950s, when the Salk and Sabin vaccines were
185:, director of the New York City Health Department Research Laboratories, thereupon decided to discontinue development of Brodie's vaccine, which he had sponsored. But some experts felt Brodie's vaccine deserved further study; the case against it was inconclusive and too hastily drawn.
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In 1936, Brodie moved to
Detroit, where he became director of laboratories at Providence Hospital and hospital pathologist. He died suddenly while working in his laboratory, 3:45 pm, Tuesday, May 9, 1939. Cause of death was
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Maurice Brodie joined the New York City Health
Department and the bacteriology department at New York University Medical College. In 1935, Brodie demonstrated induction of immunity in monkeys with inactivated polio virus.
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132:, in 1928; he was named a Wood Gold Medalist. He served as a medical intern, and in 1931 he received a Master of Science degree in physiology from McGill. Brodie belonged to the McGill chapter of
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198:. His remains were sent to Ottawa for burial. He was interred in the Jewish Cemetery on Metcalfe Road (now the Jewish Memorial Gardens on Bank Street) in Ottawa.
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Brodie was head of one of two separate teams that developed polio vaccines and reported their results at the annual meeting of the
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120:, the son of Samuel Broude and Esther Ginsburg. The family immigrated to Ottawa, Canada, in 1910. Maurice graduated from
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140:, 1927–1928. At McGill 1932 he received a grant from the Banting Research Foundation for his studies of polio.
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Maurice Brodie. Active
Immunization in Monkeys Against Poliomyelitis with Germicidally Inactivated Virus.
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Value of paralysis vaccine is unknown. Greensboro Daily News Friday, Aug 28, 1936 Greensboro, NC Page: 4
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declared that Brodie's vaccine was ineffective, while the safety of Kolmer’s vaccine was in doubt. Dr
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The Cutter
Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis
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MORGAN IM. Immunization of monkeys with formalin-inactivated poliomyelitis viruses.
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210:(7 August 1907 – 28 February 1989), a leading researcher on drug therapy.
459:. Yale University Press; Reprint edition (October 20, 1997) p68
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because of Kolmer's report. Brodie and his team had prepared a
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Dr. Bernard Brodie honored in US. Ottawa
Journal 3 April 1940
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McGill
Medicine: The Second Half Century, 1885–1936
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Edna Singer
Stewart Brodie (m 1938–1939, his death)
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New York
University Grossman School of Medicine faculty
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demonstrated the same phenomenon again a decade later.
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Maurice Brodie, noted scientist, passes at Detroit.
264:Fraternity award given doctor for paralysis serum.
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251:Famous Doctor Visiting Home Tells of Work.
481:Thursday, May 11, 1939 Detroit, MI Page: 3
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407:Infantile paralysis vaccines discussed.
457:A Summer Plague: Polio and Its Survivors
100:(1903–1939) was a British-born American
320:. 1948 Nov;48(3):394–406. PubMed
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136:, and had been a staff reporter of the
618:English emigrants to the United States
171:already unfavorable before he started
126:McGill University Faculty of Medicine
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613:Health professionals from Merseyside
277:Dr. Maurice Brodie dies in Detroit.
279:The Gazette (Montreal). 12 May 1939
608:Lisgar Collegiate Institute alumni
383:. Yale University Press. pp.
306:January 1, 1935, 28 (1) 1–18
158:American Public Health Association
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477:Burial in Ottawa for Dr. Brodie.
337:Maurice Brodie on Google Scholar
206:Maurice Brodie was a brother of
16:British-born American virologist
468:Detroit Free Press, 11 May 1939
442:Mystery death is investigated.
238:Local students to get degrees.
593:Medical doctors from Liverpool
526:Dr Henry Brodie obit, NY Times
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623:English expatriates in Canada
568:American medical researchers
578:New York University faculty
122:Lisgar Collegiate Institute
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266:The Salt Lake City Tribune
490:Honor memory Dr. Brodie.
420:The fight against polio.
292:(Montreal) 20 Jan 1933 p5
112:Early years and education
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545:. Doubleday 1979, 2006.
409:St Louis Post Dispatch
240:Ottawa Evening Journal
542:Explorers of the Body
348:John Kolmer biography
55:May 9, 1939 (aged 35)
573:American virologists
208:Bernard Beryl Brodie
183:William Hallock Park
196:coronary thrombosis
116:Brodie was born in
492:The Ottawa Journal
444:Detroit Free Press
253:The Ottawa Journal
118:Liverpool, England
45:Liverpool, England
166:Temple University
130:Alpha Omega Alpha
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80:Years active
59:Detroit, Michigan
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189:Later career
175:formaldehyde
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563:1939 deaths
558:1903 births
494:12 May 1939
290:The Gazette
255:9 Sept 1936
552:Categories
394:0300130376
268:5 Jan 1936
214:References
161:produced.
102:virologist
74:virologist
108:in 1935.
70:physician
375:(2005).
326:18893238
318:Am J Hyg
304:Immunol
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202:Family
88:Spouse
583:Polio
387:–18.
389:ISBN
322:PMID
124:and
52:Died
38:Born
554::
354:^
128:,
72:,
397:.
385:4
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