358:
418:
77:
20:
406:
382:
394:
370:
66:. In 1647, Mazarin brought Laura Margherita and her two daughters, ten-year-old Anne Marie and eight-year-old Laura from Italy to Paris, then, in 1650, when Girolama was widowed, she moved to France, too, with her five daughters and three sons: thirteen-year-old Laura and Paul Jules, eleven-year-old Olympia, ten-year-old Marie, nine-year-old Philippe, six-year-old Alfonso, four-year-old Hortense, and one-year-old Marie Anne.
187:(between 1648 and 1653), they were forced to flee Paris and go into exile twice. Once the revolts were crushed and Cardinal Mazarin restored to power, he arranged advantageous marriages for his nieces with powerful French and Italian aristocrats, and gave large dowries to their husbands in order to overcome their reluctance to marry women of lower origins.
346:
91:
after the death of her husband, Louis XIII, and during the minority of his son, Louis XIV, from 1643 to 1651, supervised the education of the
Martinozzi and Mancini children herself. She even allowed for the younger children to be educated with the king and his younger brother,
357:
417:
177:
Voilà des petites demoiselles qui présentement ne sont point riches, mais qui bientôt auront de beaux châteaux, de bonnes rentes, de belles pierreries, de bonne vaisselle d'argent, et peut-être de grandes
328:
106:
In Paris, where the beauty ideal was pale skin and a full figure, the darker complexion and thinner build of the
Italian girls were widely talked about. The Mazarinettes were discussed in the
171:
Here are young ladies who just at present are not rich at all, but who soon shall have beautiful castles, good incomes, precious stones, substantial silver plate, and perchance great rank...
405:
293:
229:
307:
76:
70:
393:
655:
381:
216:
665:
631:
369:
264:
288:(28 August 1639 – 8 May 1715), who was the first love of Louis XIV, and was banished from court to make the king's political marriage to
19:
221:
561:
533:
160:
445:
96:
345:
278:
to the
English throne descend. Laura ruled as the regent of Modena during the minority of her son, between 1662 and 1674
249:, for which she was exiled from France. She married Eugene Maurice of Savoy-Carginan (1635–1673) in 1657, becoming the
183:
The
Mazarinettes' lives and luck were tied to the fortune of their uncle. During the series of civil wars known as the
660:
297:
164:
55:
650:
201:
73:. He also wanted to surround himself with his family, in whom he could confide, as he had many enemies at court.
323:(1649 – 20 June 1714), a patron of the arts, who was tried in court and exiled from Paris for being involved in
110:, the anti-Mazarin pamphlets published in France between 1648 and 1653. One of them described them as follows:
36:
289:
254:
69:
Mazarin wished to establish a dynasty in France and secure his legacy through advantageous marriages, but
447:
The Works of
Monsieur de St. Evremond: Made English from the French Original: with the Life of the Author
211:
311:
604:
332:
320:
59:
205:
627:
557:
529:
250:
157:
48:
314:
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225:
32:
242:
84:
268:
63:
644:
324:
281:
246:
194:
100:
572:
267:(1634–1662) in 1655, becoming the Duchess of Modena, and had issue, among them
272:
184:
40:
275:
237:
44:
574:
Die
Nichten Mazarin's. Studien der Sitten und Charaktere im 17. Jahrhundert
310:(1632–1713), in 1661, becoming Duchess Mazarin, and had issue. She was the
93:
306:(6 June 1646 – 2 July 1699), the cardinal's favorite niece, who married
88:
71:
could have no children of his own as a member of the
Catholic clergy
603:
Savoie-Carignan, Guy Jean Raoul Eugène
Charles Emmanuel de (1911).
75:
271:, queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland, from whom the
257:, one of the most successful military commanders of his time
245:(11 July 1638 – 9 October 1708), who became involved in the
547:(in German). Frankfurt: Societäts-Verlag. pp. 637–670.
156:
624:
Galantes
Versailles. Die Mätressen am Hofe der Bourbonen
220:
for Anne of Austria between 1657 and 1666, and married
54:
They were the daughters of the cardinal's two sisters,
153:
called them "dirt princesses" and "stinking snakes".
508:
317:
of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland
58:(died 1685), the wife of Girolamo Martinozzi, and
590:Saint-Victor, Paul de (1867). "Les Mazarines".
554:Les Mazarinettes ou, Les sept nièces de Mazarin
484:
174:
169:
450:. J. and J. Knapton, J. Darby, A. Battesworth.
399:Marie Mancini, Duchess and Princess of Paliano
8:
200:(6 May 1636 – 8 February 1657), who married
545:Mazarin. Frankreichs Aufstieg zur Weltmacht
112:
62:, (1614–1656), the wife of Michele Lorenzo
263:(27 May 1639 – 19 July 1687), who married
556:(in French). Paris: Éditions de Minuit.
363:Anne Marie Martinozzi, Princess of Conti
214:(1637 – 4 February 1672), who served as
18:
433:
423:Marie Anne Mancini, Duchess of Bouillon
338:
327:, but was never convicted. She married
329:Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne
217:Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine
622:Jurewitz-Freischmidt, Sylvia (2002).
606:The seven richest heiresses of France
496:
375:Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons
7:
472:
460:
439:
437:
577:(in German). Dresden: Rudolf Kuntze
387:Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena
331:(1636-1721) in 1662, becoming the
296:(1637–1689) in 1661, becoming the
224:(1629–1666) in 1654, becoming the
204:(1612–1669) in 1651, becoming the
14:
411:Hortense Mancini, Duchess Mazarin
351:Laura Mancini, Duchess of Mercœur
236:("The Great Conti"), an infamous
416:
404:
392:
380:
368:
356:
344:
136:They possess the eyes of an owl,
298:Duchess and Princess of Paliano
142:And a complexion of a chimney.
138:The bark as white as a cabbage,
127:L'Ă©corce blanche comme un chou,
140:The eyebrows of a damned soul,
129:Les sourcils d'une âme damnée,
125:Elles ont les yeux d'un hibou,
1:
528:(in French). Paris: Grasset.
340:Portraits of the Mazarinettes
666:17th-century French nobility
626:(in German). Munich: Piper.
253:, and had issue, among them
228:, and had issue, among them
131:Et le teint d'une cheminée.
51:from 1642 until his death.
656:People of the Ancien RĂ©gime
552:Hillairet, Jacques (1976).
682:
524:Combescot, Pierre (1999).
308:Armand-Charles de La Porte
163:said to the king's uncle,
509:Jurewitz-Freischmidt 2002
230:François Louis de Bourbon
118:
115:
31:were the seven nieces of
444:Saint-Evremond (1728).
294:Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna
190:The Mazarinettes were:
165:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
571:Renée, Amédée (1858).
292:possible. She married
290:Maria Theresa of Spain
181:
173:
81:
33:Cardinal Jules Mazarin
24:
526:Les petites Mazarines
325:Affair of the Poisons
255:Prince Eugen of Savoy
247:Affair of the Poisons
212:Anne Marie Martinozzi
79:
22:
592:Revue du XIXe siècle
485:Savoie-Carignan 1911
251:Countess of Soissons
119:English translation
87:, who was ruling as
543:Guth, Paul (1973).
333:Duchess of Bouillon
661:Court of Louis XIV
321:Marie Anne Mancini
206:Duchess of Mercœur
82:
25:
16:Italian noblewomen
633:978-3-492-24494-7
609:. London: J. Long
265:Alfonso IV d'Este
226:Princess of Conti
222:Armand de Bourbon
147:
146:
673:
651:Cardinal Mazarin
637:
618:
616:
614:
599:
586:
584:
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567:
548:
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512:
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476:
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458:
452:
451:
441:
420:
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396:
384:
372:
360:
348:
304:Hortense Mancini
261:Laura Martinozzi
202:Louis de Bourbon
198:Victoria Mancini
113:
56:Laura Margherita
35:, (1639–1661),
23:Cardinal Mazarin
681:
680:
676:
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388:
385:
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364:
361:
352:
349:
335:, and had issue
300:, and had issue
243:Olympia Mancini
208:, and had issue
141:
139:
137:
130:
128:
126:
116:French original
85:Anne of Austria
80:Anne of Austria
17:
12:
11:
5:
679:
677:
669:
668:
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632:
619:
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367:
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355:
353:
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343:
341:
337:
336:
318:
301:
279:
269:Mary of Modena
258:
240:
234:Le Grand Conti
209:
145:
144:
133:
121:
120:
117:
37:chief minister
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
678:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
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649:
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635:
629:
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620:
608:
607:
601:
597:
593:
588:
576:
575:
569:
565:
563:2-7073-0138-8
559:
555:
550:
546:
541:
537:
535:2-246-47761-1
531:
527:
522:
521:
517:
511:, p. 20.
510:
505:
502:
499:, p. 37.
498:
493:
490:
487:, p. 64.
486:
481:
478:
475:, p. 639
474:
469:
466:
463:, p. 638
462:
457:
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101:Duke of Anjou
98:
95:
90:
86:
78:
74:
72:
67:
65:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
39:to the Kings
38:
34:
30:
21:
623:
611:. Retrieved
605:
595:
591:
579:. Retrieved
573:
553:
544:
525:
504:
492:
480:
468:
456:
446:
283:
233:
215:
195:
189:
182:
176:
175:
170:
155:
150:
148:
135:
124:
107:
105:
83:
68:
53:
29:Mazarinettes
28:
26:
613:October 15,
581:October 15,
232:, known as
178:dignités...
151:Mazarinades
108:Mazarinades
645:Categories
598:: 323–331.
518:References
497:Renée 1858
276:pretenders
41:Louis XIII
473:Guth 1973
461:Guth 1973
238:libertine
45:Louis XIV
315:mistress
312:official
273:Jacobite
161:Villeroy
97:Philippe
94:Monsieur
60:Girolama
286:Mancini
158:Marshal
64:Mancini
630:
560:
532:
185:Fronde
149:Other
89:regent
49:France
429:Notes
284:Marie
282:Anne
196:Laura
628:ISBN
615:2009
583:2009
558:ISBN
530:ISBN
43:and
27:The
47:of
647::
594:.
436:^
167::
103:.
99:,
636:.
617:.
596:4
585:.
566:.
538:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
