263:, and consequently one descriptor can carry several tree numbers. For example, the descriptor "Digestive System Neoplasms" has the tree numbers C06.301 and C04.588.274; C stands for Diseases, C06 for Digestive System Diseases and C06.301 for Digestive System Neoplasms; C04 for Neoplasms, C04.588 for Neoplasms By Site, and C04.588.274 also for Digestive System Neoplasms. The tree numbers of a given descriptor are subject to change as MeSH is updated. Every descriptor also carries a unique alphanumerical ID that will not change.
288:), which can be added to descriptors to narrow down the topic. For example, "Measles" is a descriptor and "epidemiology" is a qualifier; "Measles/epidemiology" describes the subheading of epidemiological articles about Measles. The "epidemiology" qualifier can be added to all other disease descriptors. Not all descriptor/qualifier combinations are allowed since some of them may be meaningless. In all there are 83 different qualifiers.
333:, each trial has keywords that describe the trial. The ClinicalTrials.gov team assigns each trial two sets of MeSH terms. One set is for the conditions studied by the trial and the other for the set of interventions used in the trial. The XML file that can be downloaded for each trial contains these MeSH keywords. The XML file also has a comment that says: "the assignment of MeSH keywords is done by imperfect algorithm".
47:
205:). MeSH contains approximately 30,000 entries (as of 2022) and is updated annually to reflect changes in medicine and medical terminology. MeSH terms are arranged in alphabetic order and in a hierarchical structure by subject categories with more specific terms arranged beneath broader terms. When we search for a MeSH term, the most specific MeSH terms are automatically included in the search. This is known as the
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see how a search formulation was translated. By default, a search for a descriptor will include all the descriptors in the hierarchy below the given one. PubMed does not apply automatic mapping of the term in the following circumstances: by writing the quoted phrase (e.g. "kidney allograft"), when truncated on the asterisk (e.g.
312:
and marked with an asterisk, indicating the article's major topics. When performing a MEDLINE search via PubMed, entry terms are automatically translated into (i.e., mapped to) the corresponding descriptors with a good degree of reliability; it is recommended to check the 'Details tab' in PubMed to
271:
Most subject headings come with a short description or definition. See the MeSH description for diabetes type 2 as an example. The explanatory text is written by the MeSH team based on their standard sources if not otherwise stated. References are mostly encyclopaedias and standard textbooks of the
188:
MeSH was introduced in the 1960s, with the NLM's own index catalogue and the subject headings of the
Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus (1940 edition) as precursors. The yearly printed version of MeSH was discontinued in 2007; MeSH is now available only online. It can be browsed and downloaded free
201:), which describe the subject of each article (e.g., "Body Weight", "Brain Edema" or "Critical Care Nursing"). Most of these are accompanied by a short description or definition, links to related descriptors, and a list of synonyms or very similar terms (known as
1002:
300:. These do not belong to the controlled vocabulary as such; instead they enlarge the thesaurus and contain links to the closest fitting descriptor to be used in a MEDLINE search. Many of these records describe chemical substances.
228:(see below), can be used with MeSH terms to more completely describe a particular aspect of a subject, such as adverse, diagnostic or genetic effects. For example, the drug therapy of asthma is displayed as asthma/drug therapy.
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In MEDLINE/PubMed, every journal article is indexed with about 10–15 subject headings, subheadings and supplementary concept records, with some of them designated as
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of charge through PubMed. Originally in
English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different origins.
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are arranged in a hierarchy. A given descriptor may appear at several locations in the hierarchical tree. The tree locations carry systematic labels known as
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subject areas. References for specific statements in the descriptions are not given; instead, readers are referred to the bibliography.
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239:(SCR) which describes substances such as chemical products and drugs that are not included in the headings (see below as "
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of that MeSH term. This additional information and the hierarchical structure (see below) make the MeSH essentially a
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MeSH vocabulary is divided into four types of terms. The main ones are the "headings" (also known as MeSH headings or
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The remaining two types of term are those that describe the type of material that the article represents (
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registry to classify which diseases are studied by trials registered in
ClinicalTrials.
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Campos-Asensio, C. (2018). "Cómo elaborar una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica".
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In addition to the descriptor hierarchy, MeSH contains a small number of standard
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provided by
National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
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article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings. MeSH is also used by
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In addition to the descriptors, MeSH also contains some 318,000
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The top-level categories in the MeSH descriptor hierarchy are:
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569:"Frequently Asked Questions about Indexing for MEDLINE"
27:"MeSH" redirects here. For the organic chemical, see
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94:National Center for Biotechnology Information
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543:"Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Fact sheet"
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375:and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment
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104:United States National Library of Medicine
90:United States National Library of Medicine
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403:Technology, Industry, and Agriculture
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651:"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - MeSH"
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220:The second type of term, MeSH
1:
298:supplementary concept records
237:supplementary concept records
708:Medical Subject Heading Home
547:National Library of Medicine
490:Rogers, F B (January 1963).
471:Medical literature retrieval
422:Publication Characteristics
390:Disciplines and Occupations
341:For the full hierarchy, see
161:for the purpose of indexing
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621:10.1016/j.enfi.2018.09.001
492:"Medical subject headings"
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165:articles and books in the
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173:(NLM), it is used by the
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1784:Medical Subject Headings
387:Phenomena and Processes
151:Medical Subject Headings
62:Medical Subject Headings
40:Medical Subject Headings
1799:Medical classification
786:Medical classification
719:Automatic Term Mapping
587:"Introduction to MeSH"
466:Medical classification
750:of qualifiers – 2009
675:. September 13, 2006.
400:and Social Phenomena
304:Use in Medline/PubMed
159:controlled vocabulary
157:) is a comprehensive
73:controlled vocabulary
34:Controlled vocabulary
1789:Biological databases
1064:Pharmaceutical codes
609:EnfermerĂa Intensiva
247:Descriptor hierarchy
794:Topographical codes
737:Visual MeSH Browser
693:. October 17, 2008.
687:"Qualifiers - 2009"
496:Bull Med Libr Assoc
412:Information Science
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343:List of MeSH codes
331:ClinicalTrials.gov
315:kidney allograft *
183:ClinicalTrials.gov
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