3817:, related to working hours or outputs produced by the labour force. At the company level, an employee does not control and own the means of production in a capitalist mode of production. Instead, an employee is performing specific duties under a contract of employment, working for wages or salaries. As for firms and profit-seeking organizations, from a personnel economics perspective, to maximize efficiency and productivity there must be an equilibrium between labour markets and product markets. In human resource practices, compensation structure tends to shift towards pay-for-performance bonus or incentive pay rather than base salary to attract the right workers, even if conflicts of interest exist in an employer-worker relationship.
3966:. Besides capitalism and communism, there is another mode of production which is called a Mixed Economic System. In a mixed economy, private ownership of capital goods are protected and a certain level of the market economy is allowed. However, the government has the right to intervene in the market and economic activities for social objectives. Different from the pure capitalism, the government regulation exists to control particular means of production over the private business sector. Different from communism, the majority of means of production are privately owned rather than shared in common.
47:
3615:
1535:
874:
862:
3639:
1118:
3627:
1064:, learning, research, development, innovation, ideas and creativity are the means of production; communication such as books, articles, videos disseminated both physically and digitally over the Internet are a means of distribution. In a broad sense, the "means of production" also includes the "means of
3728:
According to Marx, escalating tension between the upper and lower class is a major consequence of technology decreasing the value of labor force and the contradictory effect an evolving means of production has on established social and economic systems. Marx believed increasing inequality between the
3788:
from their operation. Examples of the capitalist class include business owners, shareholders and the minority of people who own factories, machinery and lands. Countries considered as the capitalist countries include
Australia, Canada, the U.S., and other nations which hold a free market economy. In
1008:
uses its capital goods, which are also known as tangible assets as they are physical in nature. Unfinished goods are transformed into products and services in the production process. Even if capital goods are not traded on the market as consumer goods, they can be valued as long as capital goods are
4492:
For Marx, class was defined by an individual's relationship to the means of production...Class is determined by the extent to which people own most, some, or little of the means of production, or by their relationship to the means of production. It generally conflicts over control or access to the
4131:
It takes the means of production to comprise anything that is or can be put to productive use... the means of production consist of anything that enables or could enable the extraction of surplus value (exploitation). Similarly, for
Proudhon, goods not meant for immediate consumption, whose
3720:
The increasing efficiency of the means of production via the creation and adaptation of new technologies over time has a tendency to rearrange local and global market structures, leading to the disruption of existing profit pools, creating the possibility of massive economic impact.
1012:
The social means of production are capital goods and assets that require organized collective labor effort, as opposed to individual effort, to operate on. The ownership and organization of the social means of production is a key factor in categorizing and defining different types of
4369:
4269:
Here we encounter a further characteristic of the modern wage proletarian. He works not with the individual but with social means of production, means of production so extensive that they can be operated only by a society of workers, not by the individual
3756:
for its owners. Under this system, profit-seeking individuals or organizations undertake a majority of economic activities. However, capitalism does not indicate all material means of production are privately owned as partial economies are publicly owned.
3832:
of ownership of the means of production that gives rise to them. This explanation differs dramatically from other explanations based on "differences in ability" between individuals or on religious or political affiliations giving rise to
1080:
The means of production of the firm may depreciate, which means there is a loss in the economic value of capital goods or tangible assets (e.g. machinery, factory equipment) due to wear and tear, and aging. This is known as the
1501:
4358:
1806:
1776:
3725:
can lead to the devaluation of various forms of labor power, up to the point of making human labor power economically noncompetitive in certain applications, potentially widening income inequality.
3737:, at which point the contradictory relationship between technological advancement and the value of labor force is resolved by the emergence of a new mode of production based on a different set of
4687:
1494:
1596:
1487:
1044:). People operate on the subjects of labor using the instruments of labor to create a product; or stated another way, labor acting on the means of production creates a good. In an
3895:
1288:
4077:
Hindess and Hirst (1977, page 65) define means of production as 'all the conditions necessary to the operation of a particular labour process which are combined in the
5344:
4505:
3873:, and instruments of labor: the term is equivalent to means of production plus labor. The factors of production are often listed in economic writings derived from the
3062:
4680:
4955:
4935:
4751:
4554:
4440:
4343:
3928:
1921:
1274:
1133:
1097:
1556:
1551:
1296:
973:; or as an abbreviation of the "means of production, distribution, and exchange" which further includes the exchange of distributed products, generally to
904:
836:
4970:
4673:
1696:
1571:
3795:
according to Marx's theory, which is distinct from bourgeoisie and proletariat as they can buy the labour of others but also work along with employees.
5304:
3669:
4457:; Brewer, Paul; Shaw, Anthony; Chandler, Malcolm; Cheshire, Gerard; Cranfield, Ingrid; Ralph Lewis, Brenda; Sutherland, Joe; Vint, Robert (2003).
3780:
Marx's theory of class defines classes in their relation to their ownership and control of the means of production. In a capitalist society, the
4184:
The conception of capital within orthodox economics. Within orthodox economics, the term 'capital' generally refers to the means of production.
2495:
2477:
1906:
1248:
5168:
3733:, which develop to a point where the existing mode of production inevitably becomes unsustainable, either collapsing or being overthrown in a
2867:
4910:
4530:
4416:
4319:
4242:
3687:
3390:
3317:
1766:
1105:
3709:
become superfluous and unnecessary as the advancement of technology integrated within the means of production contradicts the established
5329:
5163:
1896:
1721:
1651:
1626:
1148:
4177:
3752:. Capitalism is defined as private ownership and control over the means of production, where the surplus product becomes a source of
4945:
4811:
4470:
4063:
2135:
1791:
1741:
1301:
5314:
3909:) are the relations humans enter into with each other in using the means of production to produce. Examples of such relations are
2452:
5385:
5359:
3682:
The analysis of the technological sophistication of the means of production and how they are owned is a central component in the
3448:
3395:
2060:
1706:
3806:, comprises the majority of the population that lacks access to the means of production and are therefore induced to sell their
5256:
4771:
2902:
2308:
2150:
2028:
1731:
1631:
1586:
897:
3197:
5446:
5025:
3706:
1948:
1846:
1736:
1661:
1178:
1826:
3705:
in the means of production. As the level of technology improves with respect to productive capabilities, existing forms of
5431:
5231:
5118:
4920:
3996:
3891:
3662:
2100:
1869:
1756:
1451:
1153:
497:
235:
1009:
produced commodities, which are required for production. The total values of capital goods constitute the capital value.
5441:
5406:
5299:
5128:
5083:
5020:
4876:
4851:
4816:
2872:
2752:
1926:
1841:
1686:
954:
2652:
965:. It can also be used as an abbreviation of the "means of production and distribution" which additionally includes the
5015:
3380:
3182:
1786:
1711:
1606:
1534:
846:
66:
56:
3825:
5426:
5284:
5226:
3702:
3292:
3152:
3127:
3052:
2415:
2213:
1656:
1243:
890:
840:
370:
360:
4148:
2299:
5436:
5113:
5030:
4836:
4031:
2183:
1801:
1761:
1691:
1676:
1346:
250:
5178:
5138:
4454:
3655:
3385:
1751:
1671:
1621:
1065:
970:
819:
557:
512:
365:
134:
78:
572:
3789:
modern society, small business owners, minority shareholders and other smaller capitalists are considered as
5354:
5005:
4721:
4026:
3902:
3842:
3722:
3710:
3550:
3530:
2363:
2095:
1978:
1831:
1796:
1616:
1611:
1566:
1183:
1173:
1069:
522:
330:
320:
280:
270:
177:
100:
937:. While the exact resources encompassed in the term may vary, it is widely agreed to include the classical
5173:
4861:
4821:
4776:
3991:
3963:
3478:
2802:
2208:
2140:
2130:
2118:
2050:
1421:
1238:
934:
692:
537:
275:
215:
172:
119:
1416:
507:
5349:
5153:
5093:
4831:
4736:
3986:
3882:
3853:
2622:
2467:
2070:
2043:
1901:
1851:
1771:
1716:
1426:
1233:
946:
938:
826:
482:
467:
325:
265:
245:
240:
5070:
3287:
2262:
1601:
5334:
5241:
5198:
5158:
4846:
4741:
3838:
3535:
3488:
3483:
3468:
3458:
3425:
3400:
3262:
3162:
2877:
2447:
2332:
2218:
2023:
1988:
1938:
1880:
1726:
1591:
1544:
1386:
1021:
918:
577:
399:
350:
315:
255:
220:
124:
114:
61:
5421:
5251:
5103:
4950:
4930:
4886:
4881:
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4078:
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3545:
3247:
3067:
3002:
2557:
2198:
2178:
2173:
2065:
2055:
2003:
1993:
1891:
1746:
1666:
1561:
1376:
1361:
1356:
1143:
980:
The concept of "Means of
Production" is used by researchers in various fields of study — including
950:
803:
612:
472:
434:
375:
300:
290:
260:
187:
95:
20:
4392:
2592:
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5060:
5000:
4990:
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4628:
4597:
4548:
4499:
4434:
4337:
4122:
3916:
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3607:
3589:
3567:
3493:
3430:
3420:
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3327:
3032:
2757:
2727:
2562:
2422:
2248:
2228:
2168:
1916:
1819:
1781:
1641:
1163:
1049:
831:
787:
592:
429:
424:
404:
355:
295:
285:
230:
225:
197:
192:
162:
30:
3913:/employee, buyer/seller, the technical division of labour in a factory, and property relations.
3375:
3212:
3082:
1431:
1341:
5294:
5246:
5088:
5055:
4995:
4960:
4856:
4791:
4731:
4589:
4536:
4526:
4466:
4422:
4412:
4359:"Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy"
4325:
4315:
4238:
4173:
4144:
4114:
4059:
4006:
3878:
3870:
3829:
3734:
3691:
3631:
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3520:
3498:
3227:
3192:
3022:
2927:
2862:
2812:
2782:
2702:
2677:
2627:
2437:
2368:
2342:
2294:
2223:
2203:
2075:
2038:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1971:
1933:
1876:
1461:
1168:
1138:
1061:
1033:
722:
697:
647:
607:
487:
444:
380:
345:
335:
167:
129:
85:
4169:
4094:
5369:
5289:
5266:
5193:
5078:
5040:
4896:
4866:
4581:
4230:
4106:
4016:
3959:
3935:
3765:
3738:
3643:
3619:
3555:
3540:
3342:
3332:
3267:
3167:
3102:
3077:
3027:
2992:
2952:
2787:
2747:
2712:
2602:
2582:
2532:
2527:
2507:
2462:
2432:
2378:
2327:
2322:
2289:
2188:
2145:
2090:
2033:
1636:
1518:
1475:
1326:
1045:
1037:
942:
772:
717:
702:
687:
672:
652:
602:
582:
562:
517:
390:
340:
310:
305:
1052:
the means of production become social means of production and include factories and mines.
992:— to discuss, broadly, the relationship between anything that can have productive use, its
46:
4891:
4761:
4222:
4001:
3821:
3753:
3745:
3730:
3572:
3463:
3410:
3322:
3257:
3237:
3177:
3072:
3047:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2967:
2922:
2912:
2777:
2717:
2672:
2637:
2617:
2577:
2552:
2398:
2317:
2013:
1943:
1681:
1381:
1336:
1014:
866:
777:
742:
707:
642:
567:
552:
439:
414:
409:
385:
157:
152:
5339:
3415:
2982:
4197:
3784:, or the capitalist class, is the class that owns the means of production and derives a
5183:
5148:
4965:
4826:
4801:
4796:
4786:
4756:
4462:
3837:. This explanation is consistent with the bulk of Marxist theory in which Politics and
3785:
3577:
3405:
3307:
3242:
3232:
3222:
3217:
3137:
3117:
3107:
3097:
3087:
3057:
3037:
2977:
2972:
2957:
2942:
2932:
2852:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2732:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2667:
2657:
2632:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2512:
2193:
2125:
2080:
1856:
1701:
1411:
1406:
1366:
1029:
797:
782:
747:
732:
712:
682:
532:
502:
419:
109:
105:
4665:
4615:
Frederick Engels: Socialism: Utopian and
Scientific Chapter III Historical Materialism
3958:
is a mode of production in which the means of production are not owned by anyone, but
3741:
including, most notably, different patterns of ownership for the means of production.
5400:
5324:
5143:
5045:
5035:
4940:
4162:
4126:
4021:
3947:
3923:) means the dominant way in which production is organised in society. For instance, "
3803:
3698:
3272:
3142:
3132:
3042:
2917:
2797:
2772:
2767:
2737:
2662:
2567:
2517:
2442:
2427:
2373:
2347:
2105:
1886:
1331:
1228:
958:
762:
752:
727:
667:
662:
657:
637:
627:
597:
587:
492:
395:
5261:
5203:
5010:
4975:
4871:
4234:
3939:
3814:
3807:
3515:
3337:
3312:
3277:
3207:
3202:
3187:
3172:
3122:
3112:
2962:
2947:
2937:
2887:
2857:
2842:
2827:
2792:
2612:
2572:
2522:
2472:
2393:
2337:
1193:
1082:
1041:
962:
878:
792:
737:
632:
622:
617:
542:
90:
4053:
5236:
5208:
4980:
4781:
4726:
3951:
3943:
3865:
3799:
3781:
3748:
generated by their operation is the fundamental factor in delineating different
3352:
3297:
3252:
3147:
3092:
3017:
2847:
2837:
2742:
2722:
2682:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2388:
2085:
1983:
1958:
1646:
1581:
1351:
1282:
1188:
767:
757:
547:
182:
5218:
5098:
4925:
4766:
3924:
3857:
3347:
3157:
2987:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2762:
2687:
2647:
2642:
2482:
2282:
2257:
1953:
1576:
1268:
1208:
1203:
1198:
677:
477:
4614:
4593:
4540:
4426:
4329:
4118:
3697:
In Marx's work and subsequent developments in
Marxist theory, the process of
5319:
5309:
5133:
5123:
5050:
3981:
3955:
3860:
3761:
3582:
3525:
3473:
3453:
3282:
2907:
2502:
2457:
2267:
1456:
1321:
1117:
1025:
993:
989:
985:
966:
527:
458:
38:
4658:
Institute of
Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. (1957).
4520:
4406:
4309:
4298:, Volume 37. The Arena Pub. Co, originally from Princeton University. p. 9
861:
4011:
3910:
3508:
3503:
3302:
2383:
1836:
981:
974:
930:
4601:
4585:
4569:
3810:
for a wage or salary to gain access to necessities, goods and services.
3638:
4706:
4110:
3769:
3714:
3683:
2277:
1526:
16:
Inputs used in the production of goods and services with economic value
5276:
3834:
3813:
According to Marx, wages and salaries are considered as the price of
2272:
3899:, he uses "productive forces" (that may depend on the translation).
1048:
the principal means of production is the soil and the shovel. In an
3768:
of the means of production so that the surplus product accrues to
1020:
The means of production includes two broad categories of objects:
926:
19:
This article is about the economics term. For the 2003 album, see
5108:
4160:
Eatwell, John; Milgate, Murray; Newman, Peter (April 19, 1990).
3889:, he uses "factors of production", in his famous Preface to his
1005:
4669:
4570:"Personnel Economics: The Economist's View of Human Resources"
1807:
Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
3877:
as "land, labour and capital". Marx sometimes used the term "
1777:
4285:, London, England, 1975. Part II, Chap. 2, sect. a; p. 63.
3744:
Ownership of the means of production and control over the
996:, and the constituent social parts needed to produce it.
969:
distribution and delivery of products, generally through
3845:) of the basic underlying economic reality of a people.
1597:
The Origin of the Family, Private
Property and the State
1158:
3686:
theoretical framework of historical materialism and in
4486:
Ishiyama, Breuning, John, Marijke (October 22, 2010).
4525:. Nigar Hashimzade, Gareth D. Myles (5 ed.). .
4488:
21st
Century Political Science: A Reference Handbook
4411:. Nigar Hashimzade, Gareth D. Myles (5 ed.). .
4314:. Nigar Hashimzade, Gareth D. Myles (5 ed.). .
3729:
upper and lower classes acts as a major catalyst of
5378:
5275:
5217:
5069:
4905:
4701:
4145:
A contribution to the critique of political economy
3896:
A Contribution to the
Critique of Political Economy
4221:Hennings, K. H. (1987), Palgrave Macmillan (ed.),
4161:
5345:Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
4229:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 1–11,
4132:accumulation might introduce social inequality
1068:" such as stores, the internet and railroads (
4681:
3663:
1557:The Condition of the Working Class in England
1495:
898:
8:
4568:Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L. (2007).
4504:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4147:. London: Lawrence and Wishart. Archived at
1552:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
4052:Gould, Peter; Olsson, Gunnar, eds. (1977).
3828:and scientific explanation that it was the
1297:Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
4688:
4674:
4666:
4553:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4439:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4342:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3670:
3656:
2244:
1697:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
1572:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
1513:
1502:
1488:
1092:
905:
891:
25:
5305:The East wind prevails over the West wind
4493:means of production that drives history.
4227:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
3824:in the first place, Karl Marx offered a
3820:To the question of why classes exist in
961:necessary to reproduce stable levels of
4044:
2355:
2307:
2247:
1525:
1104:
37:
4546:
4497:
4432:
4335:
4168:. W. W. Norton & Company. p.
4095:"What Are "The Means of Production"?*"
2478:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
4408:Capitalism--A dictionary of economics
3934:in which the means of production are
3701:evolution is based on the premise of
3391:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
1767:Change the World Without Taking Power
7:
4574:The Journal of Economic Perspectives
4081:in which that process takes place' .
3688:Marx's critique of political economy
4696:Marxist phraseology and terminology
4522:Employee--A dictionary of economics
4223:"Capital as a Factor of Production"
4164:Marxian Economics: The New Palgrave
3946:) who profits off the labor of the
1722:Marxism and the Oppression of Women
1652:Theses on the Philosophy of History
1089:Marxism and Marxist theory of class
933:that enable a society to engage in
4629:"Mixed Economic System Definition"
4143:Marx, Karl; Dobb, Maurice (1971).
1004:From the perspective of a firm, a
925:refers to the generally necessary
14:
4946:Commanding heights of the economy
4812:Primitive accumulation of capital
1742:Time, Labor and Social Domination
1302:Time, Labor and Social Domination
5360:Revolution is not a dinner party
5330:Whole-process people's democracy
3637:
3625:
3613:
3449:21st-century communist theorists
1792:Towards Socialism or Capitalism?
1707:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
1627:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
1533:
1116:
872:
860:
45:
5257:Uneven and combined development
4772:Dictatorship of the proletariat
4662:. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
4465:: Parragon Books. p. 343.
4375:from the original on 2020-07-22
4099:Journal of Political Philosophy
2151:Theory of historical trajectory
2029:Dictatorship of the proletariat
1732:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
1632:History and Class Consciousness
1587:Critique of the Gotha Programme
147:Concepts, theory and techniques
5026:Socially necessary labour time
4235:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_20-1
4093:Edmundson, William A. (2020).
1949:Socially necessary labour time
1847:Philosophy in the Soviet Union
1737:The Sublime Object of Ideology
1662:A Critique of Soviet Economics
1179:Socially necessary labour time
1:
5386:People's Multiparty Democracy
4936:Capitalist mode of production
4921:Critique of political economy
4752:Capitalist mode of production
4660:Political Economy: A Textbook
4267:. 978-0333283844. p. 9.
4058:. London: Pion. p. 215.
3997:Gross fixed capital formation
3892:Critique of Political Economy
3841:are seen as mere outgrowths (
1870:Critique of political economy
1452:Critique of political economy
1291:Critique of Political Economy
1154:Critique of political economy
1134:Capitalist mode of production
5300:Continuous revolution theory
5021:Socialist mode of production
4877:Workers of the world, unite!
4852:Socialist mode of production
4817:Proletarian internationalism
1907:Falling profit-rate tendency
1687:The Society of the Spectacle
1249:Falling profit-rate tendency
1149:Concrete and abstract labour
5016:Simple commodity production
4265:Selected Political Writings
3381:Capitalism Nature Socialism
1897:Concrete and abstract labor
1787:Capital in the Anthropocene
1712:Social Justice and the City
1607:The Accumulation of Capital
5463:
5285:Antagonistic contradiction
5232:Degenerated workers' state
4490:. SAGE Publications, Inc.
4198:"Capital Goods Definition"
4055:A Search for Common Ground
3703:technological improvements
1657:Dialectic of Enlightenment
1412:New School Economic Review
1275:Economic and Philosophical
1244:Technological unemployment
18:
5129:People's democratic state
5114:General line of the party
4837:Revolutionary spontaneity
4311:A dictionary of economics
4032:Socialization (economics)
1802:Literature and Revolution
1762:Late Victorian Holocausts
1692:Pedagogy of the Oppressed
1677:The Wretched of the Earth
953:) as well as the general
5179:Socialism in one country
5139:Political rehabilitation
1752:The Origin of Capitalism
1622:The State and Revolution
135:JEL classification codes
5355:Revolutionary base area
5315:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
5227:Deformed workers' state
5006:Relations of production
4926:Accumulation of capital
4906:Sociology and economics
4722:Base and superstructure
4702:Philosophy and politics
4649:Nolan P. K Lenski 2009
4357:James, Manyika (2013).
4027:Relations of production
3723:Disruptive technologies
3711:organization of society
2453:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
2096:Relations of production
1979:Base and superstructure
1832:Dialectical materialism
1797:The Revolution Betrayed
1617:Terrorism and Communism
1612:Philosophical Notebooks
1567:The Communist Manifesto
1174:Relations of production
1070:Infrastructural capital
321:Industrial organization
178:Computational economics
5174:Socialist accumulation
4822:Proletarian revolution
4777:Historical materialism
3992:Information revolution
3962:, without class-based
3927:" is the name for the
3856:are defined by German
3396:Historical Materialism
2141:Proletarian revolution
2136:Primitive accumulation
2131:Historical determinism
1422:Historical Materialism
1239:Historical materialism
173:Experimental economics
5447:Factors of production
5094:Democratic centralism
4737:Bourgeois nationalism
4627:Staff, Investopedia.
4263:Karl Kautsky (1983).
3987:Factors of production
3907:Produktionsverhältnis
3883:factors of production
3881:" equivalently with "
3854:Factors of production
3632:Philosophy portal
3426:Science & Society
2044:Democratic centralism
1902:Factors of production
1772:Caliban and the Witch
1717:Women, Race and Class
1289:A Contribution to the
1204:Wertabspaltungskritik
1000:Industrial production
939:factors of production
5432:Production economics
5335:One Divides Into Two
5242:Permanent revolution
5199:Democracy in Marxism
5159:Revolutionary terror
4956:Commodity production
4941:Crisis of capitalism
4847:Scientific socialism
4742:Bourgeois revolution
4617:Marx2mao.com. p. 74
4519:Black, John (2017).
4405:Black, John (2017).
4308:Black, John (2017).
3903:Production relations
3776:Determinant of class
3644:Socialism portal
3620:Communism portal
3489:History of communism
3484:Economic determinism
3469:Criticism of Marxism
3459:Creative destruction
2219:Marxism and religion
1939:Scientific socialism
1842:Philosophy of nature
1727:Imagined Communities
1592:Dialectics of Nature
1056:Knowledge production
1022:instruments of labor
919:political philosophy
400:Social choice theory
5442:Capital (economics)
5407:Marxist terminology
5252:Transitional demand
5119:National liberation
5104:Enemy of the people
4986:Means of production
4747:Bourgeois socialism
4732:Bourgeois democracy
4586:10.1257/jep.21.4.91
4079:units of production
3977:Capital (economics)
3750:modes of production
3376:Capital & Class
2056:False consciousness
2004:Commodity fetishism
1994:Class consciousness
1912:Means of production
1747:The Age of Extremes
1667:The Long Revolution
1602:What Is to Be Done?
1562:The German Ideology
1432:Capital & Class
1417:Crisis and Critique
1377:Hans-Georg Backhaus
1357:Claus Peter Ortlieb
1277:Manuscripts of 1844
1159:Means of production
1107:Marxian critique of
923:means of production
867:Business portal
188:Operations research
168:National accounting
21:Means of Production
5365:Social imperialism
5189:Social imperialism
5061:Worker cooperative
5001:Production for use
4991:Mode of production
4842:Revolutionary wave
4807:Petite bourgeoisie
4717:Barracks communism
4393:Mode of Production
4111:10.1111/jopp.12211
3931:mode of production
3917:Mode of production
3792:Petite bourgeoisie
3590:Worker cooperative
3568:Left-wing populism
3494:Left-wing politics
3431:Socialist Register
3421:Rethinking Marxism
2214:Literary criticism
1917:Mode of production
1782:Capitalist Realism
1642:The Black Jacobins
1427:Socialist register
1164:Mode of production
1085:of capital goods.
1050:industrial society
198:Industrial complex
193:Middle income trap
5427:Marxian economics
5394:
5393:
5295:Capitalist roader
5247:Social revolution
5089:Central Committee
4996:Productive forces
4961:Dominant ideology
4857:Super-imperialism
4792:Lumpenproletariat
4532:978-0-19-181994-0
4418:978-0-19-181994-0
4321:978-0-19-181994-0
4244:978-1-349-95121-5
4196:Tuovila, Alicia.
4007:Productive forces
3879:productive forces
3871:subjects of labor
3830:cultural practice
3798:In contrast, the
3735:social revolution
3692:Marxian economics
3680:
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3521:Political ecology
3499:Marxian economics
2438:Council communism
2406:
2405:
2333:Neue Marx-Lektüre
2295:Regulation school
2184:Cultural analysis
2076:Lumpenproletariat
2019:Cultural hegemony
2009:Communist society
1999:Classless society
1934:Productive forces
1672:Guerrilla Warfare
1545:Theoretical works
1512:
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1462:Marxist sociology
1387:Hans-Jürgen Krahl
1169:Productive forces
1109:political economy
1062:knowledge economy
1038:natural resources
1034:subjects of labor
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5437:Labour economics
5370:Struggle session
5290:Anti-revisionism
5267:World revolution
5194:Soviet democracy
5079:Anti-revisionism
5071:Marxist–Leninist
5041:Subject of labor
4971:Free association
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4897:World revolution
4887:Workers' control
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1492:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:Related topics
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:Monthly Review
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1367:Moishe Postone
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1087:
1077:
1074:
1057:
1054:
1030:infrastructure
1001:
998:
955:infrastructure
913:
912:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
884:
883:
882:
881:
869:
854:
853:
850:
849:
844:
834:
829:
823:
818:
817:
814:
813:
808:
807:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
464:
463:
462:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:Organizational
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
212:
210:By application
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
103:
98:
93:
88:
82:
76:
75:
72:
71:
70:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5459:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:New Democracy
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5144:Popular front
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:Surplus value
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5036:Social murder
5034:
5032:
5031:Socialization
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4700:
4691:
4686:
4684:
4679:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4608:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4580:(4): 91–114.
4579:
4575:
4571:
4564:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4515:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4494:
4489:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4472:0-75258-227-5
4468:
4464:
4460:
4459:World History
4456:
4455:Black, Jeremy
4450:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4398:
4395:. Marxism.org
4394:
4389:
4386:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4259:
4256:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4214:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4165:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4067:
4065:9780850860931
4061:
4057:
4056:
4048:
4045:
4038:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Privatization
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3948:working class
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3849:Related terms
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:working class
3801:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3783:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3760:By contrast,
3758:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3699:socioeconomic
3695:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3551:Revolutionary
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Authoritarian
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Moufawad-Paul
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
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3226:
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3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
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3179:
3176:
3174:
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3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
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3079:
3076:
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3069:
3066:
3064:
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3059:
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3026:
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3019:
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3014:
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3009:
3006:
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3001:
2999:
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2894:
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2881:
2879:
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2874:
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2859:
2856:
2854:
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2834:
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2811:
2809:
2806:
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2801:
2799:
2796:
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2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
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2759:
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2734:
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2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
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2701:
2699:
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2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
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2649:
2646:
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2639:
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2629:
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2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Eurocommunism
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:Austromarxism
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:Communization
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2348:Praxis School
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2106:Working class
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Crisis theory
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
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1825:
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1816:
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1808:
1805:
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1800:
1798:
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1725:
1723:
1720:
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1715:
1713:
1710:
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1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
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1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
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5340:People's war
5262:United front
5204:United front
5011:Ruling class
4985:
4976:Law of value
4872:Wage slavery
4862:Theoretician
4659:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4633:Investopedia
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4139:
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4054:
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3964:exploitation
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3864:
3863:in his book
3852:
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3815:labour power
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3808:labour power
3797:
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3779:
3759:
3743:
3727:
3719:
3696:
3681:
3516:Municipalism
3328:Bhattacharya
2473:Situationist
2448:Instrumental
2101:State theory
2066:Immiseration
2061:Human nature
2051:Exploitation
1911:
1881:accumulation
1371:
1194:Wage slavery
1083:depreciation
1079:
1076:Depreciation
1066:distribution
1059:
1032:, etc.) and
1019:
1011:
1003:
979:
971:distributors
963:productivity
922:
916:
837:Publications
802:
425:Sociological
398: /
296:Geographical
276:Evolutionary
251:Digitization
216:Agricultural
120:Mathematical
91:Econometrics
5350:Revisionism
5237:French Turn
5209:Vanguardism
5164:Secretariat
5154:Revisionism
4981:Materialism
4832:Revisionism
4782:Imperialism
4727:Bourgeoisie
3952:proletariat
3944:bourgeoisie
3938:by a small
3929:capitalist
3866:Das Kapital
3858:philosopher
3800:proletariat
3782:bourgeoisie
3479:Communalism
2878:Wallerstein
2468:Revisionist
2199:Film theory
2179:Criminology
2174:Archaeology
2086:Proletariat
2071:Imperialism
1984:Bourgeoisie
1959:Wage labour
1852:Reification
1647:On Practice
1352:Mark Fisher
1347:Robert Kurz
1283:Das Kapital
1234:Imperialism
1189:Wage labour
673:von Neumann
326:Information
266:Engineering
246:Development
241:Demographic
183:Game theory
125:Methodology
5422:Capitalism
5401:Categories
5219:Trotskyist
5099:Dual power
4767:Dialectics
4653:References
4638:2021-04-25
4379:2021-04-25
4250:2021-04-24
4207:2021-04-24
3925:capitalism
3869:as labor,
3826:historical
3772:at large.
3536:Democratic
3401:Mediations
3013:Przeworski
2953:Poulantzas
2803:Sivanandan
2758:Bettelheim
2658:Horkheimer
2653:Mariátegui
2628:Pashukanis
2553:Liebknecht
2483:Wertkritik
2423:Analytical
2283:Trotskyism
2258:Autonomist
2249:Structural
2229:Philosophy
2169:Aesthetics
1954:Value-form
1922:Capitalist
1827:Alienation
1820:Philosophy
1577:Grundrisse
1269:Grundrisse
1209:Value-form
1199:Wertkritik
967:logistical
935:production
832:Economists
703:Schumacher
608:Schumpeter
578:von Wieser
498:von Thünen
459:economists
435:Statistics
430:Solidarity
351:Managerial
316:Humanistic
311:Historical
256:Ecological
221:Behavioral
115:Mainstream
5417:Socialism
5412:Communism
5320:Mass line
5310:Four Olds
5134:Politburo
5124:New class
5051:Use value
4951:Commodity
4594:0895-3309
4549:cite book
4541:970401192
4500:cite book
4435:cite book
4427:970401192
4338:cite book
4330:970401192
4296:The Arena
4283:Karl Marx
4127:212948343
4119:1467-9760
4039:Footnotes
3982:Clause IV
3956:Communism
3919:(German:
3905:(German:
3861:Karl Marx
3762:socialism
3583:Economism
3546:Reformist
3526:Socialism
3474:Communism
3454:Anarchism
3308:Coulthard
3233:McDonnell
3193:Screpanti
3103:Rowbotham
2968:Harnecker
2778:Althusser
2718:Deutscher
2558:Kollontai
2548:Luxemburg
2528:Plekhanov
2458:Nkrumaism
2369:Classical
2343:Political
2268:Guevarism
2224:Sociology
2204:Geography
2024:Democracy
1972:Sociology
1927:Socialist
1892:Commodity
1457:Economics
1322:Karl Marx
1144:Commodity
1026:factories
994:ownership
990:sociology
986:economics
975:consumers
931:resources
748:Greenspan
713:Samuelson
693:Galbraith
663:Tinbergen
603:von Mises
598:Heckscher
558:Edgeworth
376:Personnel
336:Knowledge
301:Happiness
291:Financial
261:Education
236:Democracy
130:Political
96:Heterodox
39:Economics
4602:30033753
4370:Archived
4012:Property
3970:See also
3911:employer
3839:Religion
3713:and its
3509:Old Left
3504:New Left
3371:Antipode
3365:Journals
3268:Heinrich
3243:Roediger
3238:Douzinas
3228:Hennessy
3183:Holloway
3098:Hartsock
3088:Eagleton
3073:Federici
3048:Bannerji
3023:Therborn
3003:Rancière
2998:Easthope
2978:Anderson
2973:Altvater
2873:O'Connor
2868:Mészáros
2863:Guattari
2818:Thompson
2808:Miliband
2788:Williams
2773:Hobsbawm
2748:Emmanuel
2728:Beauvoir
2693:Lefebvre
2638:Benjamin
2603:Bukharin
2583:Zinoviev
2578:Grossman
2563:Bogdanov
2538:Connolly
2518:Lafargue
2463:Orthodox
2433:Centrist
2384:Leninism
2379:Feminist
2328:Humanist
2309:Hegelian
1837:Ideology
1519:a series
1517:Part of
1400:Journals
1127:Concepts
1098:a series
1096:Part of
1024:(tools,
982:politics
841:journals
827:Glossary
778:Stiglitz
743:Rothbard
723:Buchanan
708:Friedman
698:Koopmans
688:Leontief
668:Robinson
553:Marshall
457:Notable
405:Regional
381:Planning
356:Monetary
286:Feminist
231:Cultural
226:Business
31:a series
29:Part of
4931:Capital
4911:Marxian
4707:Marxist
4270:worker.
4071:8 April
3887:Kapital
3770:society
3715:economy
3684:Marxist
3608:Outline
3561:Utopian
3338:Srnicek
3323:Toscano
3318:Seymour
3273:Prashad
3223:Sankara
3218:Berardi
3203:Hampton
3178:Burawoy
3148:Panitch
3143:Haraway
3133:Cleaver
3118:Brenner
3083:Balibar
3038:Postone
3028:Losurdo
2958:Vattimo
2928:Gonzalo
2923:Jameson
2913:Parenti
2853:Liebman
2848:Guevara
2738:Nkrumah
2733:Sombart
2708:Padmore
2678:Kalecki
2673:Marcuse
2633:Bordiga
2618:Gramsci
2573:Trotsky
2533:Du Bois
2523:Kautsky
2399:Western
2278:Titoism
2163:Aspects
2119:History
2039:Radical
1877:Capital
1582:Capital
1527:Marxism
1139:Capital
951:capital
847:Schools
839: (
798:Piketty
793:Krugman
658:Kuznets
648:Kalecki
623:Polanyi
513:Cournot
508:Bastiat
493:Ricardo
483:Malthus
473:Quesnay
445:Welfare
415:Service
86:Applied
62:Outline
57:History
5277:Maoist
4600:
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3556:Social
3541:Market
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3298:Fisher
3293:Linera
3288:Lordon
3278:Kelley
3263:Marcos
3258:Ghandy
3248:Foster
3173:Fraser
3168:Wright
3158:Jessop
3153:Clarke
3138:Bishop
3128:Massey
3108:Mouffe
3058:Newton
3053:Spivak
3043:Rodney
3008:Berman
2963:Badiou
2943:Laclau
2938:Harvey
2933:Dussel
2893:Debord
2888:Tronti
2858:Heller
2843:Castro
2838:Berger
2823:Bauman
2813:Cabral
2798:Mandel
2793:Freire
2783:Hinton
2763:Draper
2743:Sweezy
2713:Sartre
2703:Adorno
2668:Brecht
2623:Galiev
2598:Korsch
2593:Lukács
2568:Stalin
2513:Morris
2508:Engels
2496:People
2273:Maoism
2194:Ethics
2034:Soviet
1757:Empire
1315:People
1222:Topics
1100:on the
988:, and
949:, and
947:labour
927:assets
921:, the
783:Thaler
763:Ostrom
758:Becker
753:Sowell
733:Baumol
638:Myrdal
633:Sraffa
628:Frisch
618:Knight
613:Keynes
588:Fisher
583:Veblen
568:Pareto
548:Menger
543:George
538:Jevons
533:Walras
523:Gossen
391:Public
386:Policy
341:Labour
306:Health
163:Market
5379:Other
5084:Cadre
5056:Value
4598:JSTOR
4373:(PDF)
4362:(PDF)
4123:S2CID
3950:(the
3942:(the
3940:class
3802:, or
3353:Saito
3348:Hamza
3213:Žižek
3198:Tamás
3163:Davis
3123:Davis
3113:Geras
3078:Wolff
3063:Sakai
3018:Cohen
2993:Sison
2988:Vogel
2948:Bahro
2918:Negri
2908:Nairn
2833:Kosik
2828:Fanon
2768:Jones
2723:Hoxha
2698:James
2683:Fromm
2613:Serge
2588:Bloch
2543:Lenin
2364:Black
1989:Class
1372:NML:
1262:Works
1060:In a
820:Lists
788:Hoppe
773:Lucas
738:Solow
728:Arrow
718:Simon
683:Lange
678:Hicks
653:Röpke
643:Hayek
593:Pigou
563:Clark
478:Smith
440:Urban
420:Socio
410:Rural
110:Macro
106:Micro
67:Index
5109:Foco
4590:ISSN
4555:link
4537:OCLC
4527:ISBN
4506:link
4467:ISBN
4441:link
4423:OCLC
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