149:
170:
3668:
4424:
2741:
420:
2727:
2222:
Presslee, S.; Slater, G. J.; Pujos, F.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Fischer, R.; Molloy, K.; Mackie, M.; Olsen, J. V.; Kramarz, A.; Taglioretti, M.; Scaglia, F.; Lezcano, M.; Lanata, J. L.; Southon, J.; Feranec, R.; Bloch, J.; Hajduk, A.; Martin, F. M.; Gismondi, R. S.; Reguero, M.; de Muizon, C.; Greenwood,
2360:
488:
claimed that "nearly every good specimen has been described as a different species". A broader perspective on the group, accounting for age, sex, individual and geographic differences, indicates that only three species are valid
2288:
Delsuc, F.; Kuch, M.; Gibb, G. C.; Karpinski, E.; Hackenberger, D.; Szpak, P.; Martínez, J. G.; Mead, J. I.; McDonald, H. G.; MacPhee, R.D.E.; Billet, G.; Hautier, L.; Poinar, H. N. (2019).
979:
A morphological tree of
Megalonychidae, based on the work of Stinnesbeck and colleagues (2021). (Note that this tree does not conform to genetic studies, as it includes the Caribbean sloths
2167:
Tedford, R.H.; Albright, L.B.; Barnosky, A.D.; Ferrusquaia-Villafranca, I.; Hunt, R.M.; Storer, J.E.; Swisher, C.C.; Voorhies, M.R.; Webb, S.D.; Whistler, D.P. (21 April 2004).
2662:
Tejada, Julia V; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Münch, Philippe; Billet, Guillaume; Hautier, Lionel; Delsuc, Frédéric; Condamine, Fabien L (2023-12-02). Wright, April (ed.).
2087:
Morgan, Gary S. (2002). "Late
Rancholabrean Mammals from Southernmost Florida, and the Neotropical Influence in Florida Pleistocene Faunas". In Emry, Robert J. (ed.).
4581:
4620:
340:). Some megalonychid lineages increased in size as time passed. The first species of these were small and may have been partly tree-dwelling, whereas the
2369:
2791:"The Megalonychidae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) from the late Miocene of Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, with remarks on their systematics and biogeography"
540:
set out, Jefferson instructed
Meriwether Lewis to keep an eye out for ground sloths. He was hoping they would find some living in the Western range.
4555:
2897:
2124:
Vizcaíno, Sergio F.; Scillato-Yané, Gustavo J. (December 1995). "An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from
Seymour Island, West Antarctica".
4594:
2579:
454:. An adult was found in direct association with two juveniles of different ages, suggesting that adults cared for young of different generations.
2870:
2842:"Nuevos materiales de Ortotheriinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) procedentes del "Mesopotamiense" (Mioceno tardío) de Entre Ríos"
4692:
4707:
4697:
2186:
427:
2088:
2604:
Stinnesbeck, Sarah R.; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Frey, Eberhard; Avilés Olguín, Jerónimo; González, Arturo González (2021-10-03).
552:
The following sloth family phylogenetic tree is based on collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequence data (see Fig. 4 of
Presslee
4612:
2664:"Bayesian Total-Evidence Dating Revisits Sloth Phylogeny and Biogeography: A Cautionary Tale on Morphological Clock Analyses"
517:
67:
55:
4599:
403:
Megalonychidae, along with all other mainland ground sloths became extinct in North and South
America around the end of the
4702:
2354:; MacPhee, R. D. E.; Jull, A. J. T.; McDonald, H. G.; Woods, C. A.; Iturralde-Vinent, M.; Hodgins, G. W. L. (2005-08-16).
528:
paleontology in North
America. Jefferson's paper was published, with an accompanying description and illustrations of the
169:
2890:
2169:"Mammalian Biochronology of the Arikareean Through Hemiphilian Interval (Late Oligocene Through Early Pliocene Epochs)"
4687:
4607:
4503:
408:
148:
4625:
2746:
337:
2606:"Xibalbaonyx exinferis n. sp. (Megalonychidae), a new Pleistocene ground sloth from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico"
2756:
533:
2478:
2883:
329:
1977:
4443:
4028:
1994:
4347:
4014:
3388:
4646:
4508:
3878:
1835:
1566:
1026:
501:) in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene of North America. Although work by McDonald lists five species.
377:
354:
349:
4382:
4354:
2532:
2531:
Presslee, S.; Slater, G. J.; Pujos, F.; Forasiepi, A. M.; Fischer, R.; Molloy, K.; et al. (2019).
2228:
4664:
3913:
3441:
3278:
1867:
450:. Ongoing excavations at Tarkio Valley in southwest Iowa may reveal something of the familial life of
4529:
4490:
4361:
4284:
4264:
3566:
3360:
3285:
2804:
2617:
2547:
2373:
2301:
2243:
2133:
2033:
797:
324:
in
Antarctica (which was then still connected to South America). They first reached North America by
4007:
3793:
3762:
3601:
3299:
1969:
1747:
4481:
4319:
4298:
4065:
3958:
3770:
2351:
1909:
814:
439:
4326:
3892:
3667:
3539:
2026:"Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)"
1851:
438:, which means "giant claw", is a widespread North American genus that lived past the close of the
4117:
4089:
3899:
3864:
3808:
3746:
3580:
3491:
3395:
2641:
2571:
2267:
2149:
2098:
1961:
1819:
1764:
1126:
1051:
749:
472:
and the southern U.S. about 9 million years ago, and is believed to have been the predecessor of
164:
3477:
3448:
4651:
4423:
4396:
4194:
3920:
3823:
3484:
1875:
1781:
4633:
4516:
3906:
3857:
3150:
2703:
2685:
2633:
2563:
2401:
2329:
2259:
2192:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2069:
2051:
1859:
1811:
773:
373:
344:(about 5 to 2 million years ago) species were already approximately half the size of the huge
333:
325:
4638:
4586:
4340:
4243:
4187:
3716:
3367:
3219:
2820:
2812:
2771:
2693:
2675:
2625:
2555:
2453:
2444:
2391:
2381:
2319:
2309:
2251:
2141:
2059:
2041:
620:
509:
484:
404:
393:
345:
273:
2437:"The Ground Sloth Megalonyx from Pleistocene Deposits of the Old Crow Basin, Yukon, Canada"
4368:
4108:
4076:
3830:
3532:
3102:
3035:
2110:
1789:
879:
537:
2436:
2808:
2757:"A new genus of Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Late Miocene of Argentina"
2698:
2663:
2621:
2551:
2377:
2305:
2247:
2174:
Late
Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology
2137:
2064:
2037:
4495:
4375:
4312:
4291:
4173:
4000:
3993:
3931:
3816:
3698:
3685:
3635:
3511:
3426:
3402:
3346:
3339:
3292:
3257:
3205:
3044:
3024:
3014:
2732:
2396:
2355:
2347:
2224:
1953:
1773:
1590:
1101:
890:
463:
397:
365:
321:
231:
4681:
4275:
4209:
4180:
4152:
4131:
4124:
3848:
3573:
3546:
3264:
3228:
3187:
2841:
2790:
2645:
2575:
2289:
2271:
2153:
1000:
907:
661:
458:
385:
106:
59:
51:
4305:
4257:
4250:
4222:
4159:
4096:
3736:
3502:
3455:
3433:
3413:
3325:
3242:
3120:
3005:
2994:
992:
735:
645:
579:
521:
505:
361:
249:
2816:
2629:
4521:
2172:
4568:
4475:
4389:
4333:
4234:
4138:
4021:
3986:
3951:
3885:
3837:
3608:
3594:
3557:
3518:
3469:
3462:
3374:
3353:
3249:
3064:
3054:
2984:
2605:
2290:"Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Evolutionary History and Biogeography of Sloths"
2093:. Vol. 93. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 15–38.
2046:
1985:
1944:
1900:
1843:
1797:
1638:
1439:
1396:
1371:
919:
389:
81:
47:
4466:
2361:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
442:, when so many large mammals died out. Remains have been found as far north as
4145:
4055:
3972:
3944:
3871:
3754:
3271:
3143:
3129:
2722:
2559:
2314:
2255:
2145:
2025:
1926:
1891:
1827:
1679:
1662:
1337:
1319:
1242:
1165:
525:
419:
381:
258:
126:
91:
2689:
2680:
2637:
2356:"Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands"
2196:
2055:
368:
were part of this family. However, molecular results based on sequences from
4542:
4166:
3965:
3381:
3136:
2937:
2386:
1917:
1614:
1260:
1076:
722:
478:
434:
380:
branch of the sloth radiation, while the latter are more closely related to
313:
309:
304:
267:
181:
131:
75:
39:
17:
2707:
2567:
2405:
2333:
2263:
2073:
2775:
2090:
Cenozoic Mammals of Land and Sea: Tributes to the Career of Clayton E. Ray
4460:
3979:
3800:
3726:
3525:
3306:
3171:
3071:
2968:
2925:
2871:
Smithsonian National Zoological Park: At the Zoo - Slow and Steady Sloths
1935:
1755:
1421:
1183:
563:
369:
341:
201:
121:
116:
101:
96:
86:
63:
43:
2324:
3587:
3235:
3164:
3157:
2825:
2795:
2457:
2452:(3). Calgary, Alberta: The Arctic Institute of North America: 213–220.
1217:
469:
136:
111:
4573:
2952:
2931:
2919:
2906:
2482:
443:
317:
299:
221:
211:
191:
4560:
4437:
4547:
2435:
McDonald, H. G.; Harington, C. R.; De Iuliis, G. (September 2000).
360:
It was formerly believed, based on morphological comparisons, that
4659:
3091:
2726:
447:
418:
2875:
482:
have been named; in fact, a 2000 article by Harington et al. in
336:
about 2.7 million years ago (which led to the main pulse of the
4441:
3683:
2950:
2879:
4534:
2177:. Columbia University Press. pp. 169–231, see also p.
312:, about 35 million years (Ma) ago, in southern Argentina (
504:
Jefferson's ground sloth has a special place in modern
332:, about 9 million years ago, prior to formation of the
316:). There is, however, one possible find dating to the
4052:
3781:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3322:
3216:
3117:
3060:
3050:
3020:
2990:
2980:
2217:
2215:
915:
904:
886:
876:
718:
708:
642:
617:
576:
4450:
4274:
4233:
4208:
4107:
4075:
4050:
3930:
3847:
3780:
3696:
3634:
3556:
3501:
3412:
3320:
3215:
3185:
3116:
3089:
3034:
3004:
2967:
2503:Semken; Brenzel (2007). "One Sloth Becomes Three".
2479:"The Tarkio Valley Sloth Project · Project Summary"
1544:Total evidence phylogeny after Tejada et al. 2023.
2283:
2281:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
1989:(Late Pleistocene, Mexico, potentially Venezuela)
1939:(Middle-Late Pleistocene Central America, Mexico)
411:following the arrival of humans to the Americas.
407:, approximately 12,000 years ago, as part of the
2533:"Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships"
2229:"Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships"
991:which have been placed in the separate family
2891:
8:
2505:Newsletter of the Iowa Archeological Society
524:, on 10 March 1797, marked the beginning of
308:. Megalonychids first appeared in the early
4438:
4214:
4081:
4072:
3936:
3844:
3708:
3704:
3693:
3680:
3631:
3418:
3331:
3197:
3193:
3113:
3109:
2973:
2964:
2960:
2947:
2898:
2884:
2876:
1921:(Pliocene-Late Pleistocene, North America)
544:was named after Thomas Jefferson in 1822.
426:skeleton cast produced and distributed by
147:
31:
2824:
2697:
2679:
2395:
2385:
2323:
2313:
2063:
2045:
2227:; Collins, M.; MacPhee, R.D.E. (2019).
2009:
376:have shown that the former represent a
2585:from the original on 12 September 2020
2106:
2096:
2846:Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral
2657:
2655:
7:
4665:802B8794-FFC9-FFE9-FF15-F983FD98566C
2521:Kurtén & Anderson, 1980, p. 136.
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2764:Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia
1654:
1630:
1606:
1582:
1558:
1550:
1412:
1387:
1362:
1310:
1303:
1233:
1208:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1117:
1092:
1067:
1042:
1017:
1006:
871:
789:
765:
741:
703:
696:
635:
610:
602:
595:
569:
559:
428:Triebold Paleontology Incorporated
25:
999:), which are placed in the clade
4422:
3666:
2739:
2725:
2024:Babcock, Loren E. (2024-03-18).
396:, make up the sloth superfamily
168:
995:, well as the two toed sloths (
384:sloths. The megalonychids plus
2540:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2236:Nature Ecology & Evolution
518:American Philosophical Society
1:
2817:10.1016/j.geobios.2010.06.005
2630:10.1080/08912963.2020.1754817
1930:(Late Pleistocene, Venezuela)
392:sloths, together with living
2370:National Academy of Sciences
2171:. In Woodburne, M.O. (ed.).
4693:Prehistoric mammal families
2047:10.3897/zookeys.1195.117999
440:last (Wisconsin) glaciation
409:Quaternary extinction event
4724:
4708:Taxa named by Paul Gervais
4698:Rupelian first appearances
2747:Prehistoric mammals portal
1948:(Late Pleistocene, Mexico)
1904:(Late Pleistocene, Brazil)
1895:(Late Pleistocene, Brazil)
338:Great American Interchange
4420:
4217:
4084:
3939:
3711:
3707:
3692:
3679:
3664:
3630:
3421:
3334:
3200:
3196:
3112:
2976:
2963:
2959:
2946:
2914:
2560:10.1038/s41559-019-0909-z
2315:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.043
2256:10.1038/s41559-019-0909-z
2146:10.1017/S0954102095000563
1676:
1659:
1652:
1635:
1628:
1611:
1604:
1587:
1580:
1563:
1556:
1435:
1417:
1410:
1392:
1385:
1367:
1360:
1333:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1256:
1238:
1231:
1213:
1206:
1179:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1122:
1115:
1097:
1090:
1072:
1065:
1047:
1040:
1022:
1015:
913:
891:Nothrotheriops shastensis
884:
869:
811:
794:
787:
770:
763:
746:
739:
716:
701:
694:
658:
640:
633:
615:
608:
600:
593:
574:
567:
286:
281:
264:
257:
165:Scientific classification
163:
159:skeleton and restoration
155:
146:
34:
2840:Brandoni, Diego (2008).
2789:Brandoni, Diego (2011).
2755:Brandoni, Diego (2014).
298:is an extinct family of
27:Extinct family of sloths
2387:10.1073/pnas.0502777102
362:Greater Antilles sloths
330:Central American Seaway
2681:10.1093/sysbio/syad069
920:Megatherium americanum
430:
320:, about 40 Ma ago, on
302:including the extinct
4647:Paleobiology Database
2776:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.04
542:Megalonyx jeffersonii
476:. Several species of
424:Megalonyx jeffersonii
422:
350:Megalonyx jeffersonii
4703:Holocene extinctions
2476:Semken and Brenzel,
2300:(12): 2031–2042.e6.
798:Bradypus tridactylus
723:Megalonyx jeffersoni
364:and extant arboreal
4348:Perezfontanatherium
3389:Paroctodontotherium
2809:2011Geobi..44...33B
2622:2021HBio...33.1952S
2552:2019NatEE...3.1121P
2378:2005PNAS..10211763S
2306:2019CBio...29E2031D
2248:2019NatEE...3.1121P
2138:1995AntSc...7..407V
2038:2024ZooK.1195..297B
985:Parocnus Megalocnus
852:(three-toed sloths)
815:Bradypus variegatus
582:(Caribbean sloths)
457:The earliest known
157:Megalonyx wheatleyi
4688:Prehistoric sloths
3879:Megalonychotherium
3396:Pseudoprepotherium
2668:Systematic Biology
2610:Historical Biology
2458:10.14430/arctic852
2223:A.; Chait, B. T.;
1836:Megalonychotherium
1567:Megalonychotherium
1027:Megalonychotherium
750:Bradypus torquatus
664:(two-toed sloths)
660:
516:, read before the
431:
4675:
4674:
4634:Open Tree of Life
4444:Taxon identifiers
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4383:Pyramiodontherium
4355:Plesiomegatherium
4204:
4203:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
3907:Proschismotherium
3675:
3674:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3316:
3315:
3181:
3180:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
2616:(10): 1952–1963.
2425:Harrington (1993)
2209:J.L. White (1993)
2126:Antarctic Science
2032:(1195): 297–308.
1860:Proschismotherium
1736:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1349:
1348:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1195:
1194:
976:
975:
967:
966:
958:
957:
949:
948:
940:
939:
931:
930:
858:
857:
844:
843:
835:
834:
826:
825:
774:Bradypus pygmaeus
682:
681:
673:
672:
394:three-toed sloths
374:mitochondrial DNA
334:Isthmus of Panama
293:
292:
253:
16:(Redirected from
4715:
4668:
4667:
4655:
4654:
4642:
4641:
4629:
4628:
4616:
4615:
4603:
4602:
4590:
4589:
4577:
4576:
4564:
4563:
4551:
4550:
4538:
4537:
4525:
4524:
4512:
4511:
4499:
4498:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4439:
4426:
4215:
4188:Pronothrotherium
4082:
4073:
4054:
3937:
3914:Pseudortotherium
3845:
3783:
3744:
3734:
3724:
3709:
3705:
3694:
3681:
3670:
3632:
3442:Glossotheriopsis
3419:
3368:Octodontotherium
3332:
3324:
3279:Scelidotheridium
3220:Scelidotheriidae
3218:
3198:
3194:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3062:
3052:
3022:
2992:
2982:
2974:
2965:
2961:
2948:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2877:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2761:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2683:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2546:(7): 1121–1130.
2537:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2481:. Archived from
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2441:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2242:(7): 1121–1130.
2233:
2219:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2094:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2049:
2021:
1868:Pseudortotherium
1655:
1631:
1607:
1583:
1559:
1551:
1413:
1388:
1363:
1311:
1304:
1234:
1209:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1118:
1093:
1068:
1043:
1018:
1007:
917:
906:
888:
878:
872:
853:
790:
766:
742:
720:
710:
704:
697:
644:
636:
621:Scelidotheriidae
619:
611:
603:
596:
578:
570:
560:
536:, in 1799. When
510:Thomas Jefferson
405:Late Pleistocene
346:Late Pleistocene
248:
243:
173:
172:
151:
141:
78:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4663:
4658:
4650:
4645:
4637:
4632:
4624:
4619:
4611:
4606:
4598:
4593:
4585:
4580:
4572:
4567:
4559:
4554:
4546:
4541:
4533:
4528:
4520:
4515:
4507:
4502:
4494:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4446:
4436:
4427:
4402:
4369:Proeremotherium
4362:Pliomegatherium
4285:Anisodontherium
4270:
4265:Proprepotherium
4229:
4200:
4109:Nothrotheriinae
4103:
4077:Nothrotheriidae
4071:
4058:
4034:
3926:
3843:
3831:Proplatyarthrus
3776:
3701:
3688:
3671:
3650:
3614:
3567:Glossotheridium
3552:
3533:Magdalenabradys
3497:
3408:
3361:Octodontobradys
3328:
3312:
3286:Scelidotheriops
3211:
3190:
3177:
3108:
3103:Pseudoglyptodon
3094:
3077:
3036:Myrmecophagidae
3030:
3000:
2955:
2942:
2910:
2904:
2867:
2855:
2853:
2839:
2831:
2829:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2759:
2754:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2719:Further reading
2716:
2715:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2413:
2372:: 11763–11768.
2348:Steadman, D. W.
2346:
2345:
2341:
2294:Current Biology
2287:
2286:
2279:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2189:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2105:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2006:
1790:Proplatyarthrus
1742:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1554:Megalonychidae
1547:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1350:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1196:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
911:
882:
880:Nothrotheriidae
859:
854:
851:
845:
836:
827:
714:
692:Megatherioidea
683:
674:
550:
538:Lewis and Clark
512:'s "memoir" on
417:
366:two-toed sloths
277:
271:
247:
241:
167:
142:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
73:
72:
71:
40:Early Oligocene
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4721:
4719:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4680:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4656:
4643:
4630:
4617:
4604:
4591:
4578:
4565:
4552:
4539:
4526:
4513:
4500:
4496:Megalonychidae
4487:
4482:Megalonychidae
4472:
4456:
4454:
4452:Megalonychidae
4448:
4447:
4442:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4376:Promegatherium
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4313:Megathericulus
4309:
4302:
4295:
4292:Diabolotherium
4288:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4174:Nothrotheriops
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4113:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4059:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4008:Protomegalonyx
4004:
4001:Pliometanastes
3997:
3994:Pattersonocnus
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3940:
3934:
3932:Megalonychinae
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3817:Mesopotamocnus
3813:
3805:
3797:
3794:Deseadognathus
3789:
3787:
3785:Megalonychidae
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3763:Schismotherium
3758:
3750:
3740:
3730:
3720:
3712:
3702:
3699:Megatherioidea
3697:
3690:
3689:
3686:Megatherioidea
3684:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3636:Megatherioidea
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3602:Pleurolestodon
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3512:Bolivartherium
3507:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3427:Archaeomylodon
3422:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3403:Urumacotherium
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3347:Eionaletherium
3343:
3340:Baraguatherium
3335:
3329:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3300:Sibyllotherium
3296:
3293:Scelidotherium
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3258:Neonematherium
3254:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3125:
3123:
3107:
3106:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3025:Palaeomyrmidon
3018:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2988:
2977:
2971:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2865:External links
2863:
2862:
2861:
2837:
2786:
2751:
2750:
2736:
2733:Mammals portal
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2674:(1): 125–139.
2651:
2596:
2523:
2514:
2495:
2469:
2427:
2411:
2339:
2277:
2211:
2202:
2188:978-0231503785
2187:
2159:
2132:(4): 407–408.
2116:
2107:|journal=
2079:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1973:
1970:Protomegalonyx
1965:
1957:
1954:Pliometanastes
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1905:
1896:
1885:Megalonychinae
1881:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1774:Mesopotamocnus
1769:
1760:
1751:
1748:Deseadognathus
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1716:
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1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:Pliometanastes
1586:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1539:
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1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:Pliometanastes
1096:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1011:Megalonychidae
1005:
974:
973:
970:
969:
965:
964:
961:
960:
956:
955:
952:
951:
947:
946:
943:
942:
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937:
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933:
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928:
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903:
900:
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883:
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870:
868:
865:
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861:
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856:
855:
850:
847:
846:
842:
841:
838:
837:
833:
832:
829:
828:
824:
823:
820:
819:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
793:
788:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
769:
764:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
745:
740:
738:
732:
731:
728:
727:
715:
712:Megalonychidae
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
689:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
676:
675:
671:
670:
667:
666:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
639:
634:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
614:
609:
607:
606:Mylodontoidea
601:
599:
594:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
573:
568:
566:
558:
549:
546:
499:M. jeffersonii
491:M. leptostomus
464:Pliometanastes
461:megalonychid,
459:North American
416:
413:
398:Megatherioidea
326:island-hopping
322:Seymour Island
296:Megalonychidae
291:
290:
284:
283:
279:
278:
272:
262:
261:
255:
254:
245:Megalonychidae
239:
235:
234:
232:Megatherioidea
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
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160:
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144:
143:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
79:
74:35–0.009
44:Early Holocene
37:
35:Megalonychidae
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4720:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4666:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4425:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4320:Megatheridium
4317:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4299:Eomegatherium
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4276:Megatheriinae
4273:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Megatheriidae
4207:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4181:Nothrotherium
4178:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4153:Mcdonaldocnus
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:Chasicobradys
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:Aymaratherium
4122:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4066:Analcimorphus
4063:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4049:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3959:Megalonychops
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3849:Ortotheriinae
3846:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3771:Similhapalops
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3721:
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60:Tinguirirican
57:
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52:Rancholabrean
49:
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33:
30:
19:
4451:
4395:
4388:
4381:
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4367:
4360:
4353:
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4339:
4332:
4327:Megatheriops
4325:
4318:
4311:
4306:Eremotherium
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4263:
4258:Prepoplanops
4256:
4251:Prepotherium
4249:
4242:
4223:Thalassocnus
4221:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4160:Mionothropus
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4097:Thalassocnus
4095:
4088:
4064:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3893:Paranabradys
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:Hiskatherium
3735:
3725:
3715:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3545:
3540:Sphenotherus
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:Lestodontini
3490:
3483:
3476:
3468:
3461:
3456:Mylodonopsis
3454:
3447:
3440:
3434:Brievabradys
3432:
3425:
3414:Mylodontinae
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3326:Mylodontidae
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3243:Chubutherium
3241:
3234:
3227:
3204:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:Megalocnidae
3101:
3070:
3063:
3053:
3045:Myrmecophaga
3043:
3023:
3013:
3006:Cyclopedidae
2995:Orthoarthrus
2993:
2983:
2936:Superorder:
2854:. Retrieved
2849:
2845:
2830:. Retrieved
2803:(1): 33–44.
2800:
2794:
2779:. Retrieved
2767:
2763:
2671:
2667:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2589:18 September
2587:. Retrieved
2543:
2539:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:the original
2472:
2461:. Retrieved
2449:
2443:
2430:
2365:
2359:
2342:
2325:11336/136908
2297:
2293:
2239:
2235:
2205:
2173:
2162:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2089:
2082:
2029:
1993:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1852:Paranabradys
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1746:
1678:
1677:
1661:
1660:
1637:
1636:
1613:
1612:
1589:
1588:
1565:
1564:
1546:
1543:
1438:
1436:
1420:
1418:
1395:
1393:
1370:
1368:
1336:
1334:
1318:
1316:
1259:
1257:
1241:
1239:
1216:
1214:
1182:
1180:
1164:
1162:
1125:
1123:
1100:
1098:
1075:
1073:
1050:
1048:
1025:
1023:
1010:
996:
993:Megalocnidae
988:
984:
980:
978:
918:
914:
889:
885:
813:
812:
796:
795:
772:
771:
748:
747:
736:Bradypodidae
721:
717:
711:
659:
646:Mylodontidae
641:
616:
580:Megalocnidae
575:
553:
551:
541:
529:
522:Philadelphia
513:
506:paleontology
503:
498:
495:M. wheatleyi
494:
490:
483:
477:
473:
462:
456:
451:
433:
432:
423:
402:
359:
355:last ice age
348:
303:
295:
294:
287:
265:
244:
156:
29:
18:Megalonychid
4569:iNaturalist
4476:Wikispecies
4390:Sibotherium
4334:Megatherium
4235:Planopsinae
4139:Huilabradys
4118:Amphibradys
4090:Neohapalops
4029:Zacatzontli
4022:Xibalbaonyx
3987:Nohochichak
3952:Australonyx
3900:Pliomorphus
3886:Ortotherium
3865:Eucholoeops
3838:Urumacocnus
3809:Hyperleptus
3747:Hyperleptus
3609:Simomylodon
3595:Paramylodon
3581:Kiyumylodon
3558:Mylodontini
3519:Lestobradys
3492:Strabosodon
3470:Oreomylodon
3463:Ocnotherium
3375:Octomylodon
3354:Nematherium
3250:Nematherium
3065:Protamandua
3055:Neotamandua
2985:Argyromanis
2969:Vermilingua
2826:11336/79978
2225:Penkman, K.
1995:Zacatzontli
1986:Xibalbaonyx
1962:Pliomorphus
1945:Nohochichak
1901:Australonyx
1844:Ortotherium
1820:Eucholoeops
1798:Urumacocnus
1765:Hyperleptus
1639:Australonyx
1440:Zacatzontli
1397:Nohochichak
1372:Xibalbaonyx
1127:Pliomorphus
1052:Eucholoeops
532:fossils by
468:, lived in
390:megatheriid
328:across the
48:Hemphillian
4682:Categories
4146:Lakukullus
4056:Megatheria
4015:Sinclairia
3973:Megistonyx
3945:Ahytherium
3872:Hapaloides
3755:Pelecyodon
3645:see below↓
3478:Promylodon
3449:Megabradys
3272:Scelidodon
3144:Megalocnus
3130:Acratocnus
2856:2018-10-08
2832:2018-10-08
2781:2018-10-08
2489:2009-09-25
2463:2008-08-16
2004:References
1978:Sinclairia
1927:Megistonyx
1892:Ahytherium
1828:Hapaloides
1680:Megistonyx
1663:Ahytherium
1338:Megistonyx
1320:Ahytherium
1243:Acratocnus
1166:Megalocnus
989:Arcatocnus
556:., 2019).
526:vertebrate
382:mylodontid
282:Subgroups
259:Type genus
4397:Urumaquia
4195:Xyophorus
4167:Nothropus
3966:Megalonyx
3921:Torcellia
3824:Paulocnus
3485:Ranculcus
3382:Orophodon
3206:Choloepus
3137:Imagocnus
2938:Xenarthra
2918:Kingdom:
2770:: 33–42.
2690:1063-5157
2646:219425309
2638:0891-2963
2576:174813630
2272:174813630
2197:880404891
2154:129075656
2109:ignored (
2099:cite book
2056:1313-2970
1918:Megalonyx
1876:Torcellia
1782:Paulocnus
1615:Megalonyx
1261:Choloepus
1077:Megalonyx
997:Choloepus
530:Megalonyx
514:Megalonyx
479:Megalonyx
474:Megalonyx
466:protistus
452:Megalonyx
435:Megalonyx
415:Evolution
353:from the
314:Patagonia
310:Oligocene
305:Megalonyx
288:See text
274:Jefferson
268:Megalonyx
188:Kingdom:
182:Eukaryota
4613:11800016
4467:Q3259942
4461:Wikidata
3980:Meizonyx
3858:Diodomus
3801:Hapalops
3727:Hapalops
3717:Bradypus
3526:Lestodon
3307:Valgipes
3172:Parocnus
3151:Mesocnus
3092:Folivora
3072:Tamandua
3015:Cyclopes
2932:Mammalia
2926:Chordata
2924:Phylum:
2920:Animalia
2708:38041854
2699:11129595
2580:Archived
2568:31171860
2406:16085711
2334:31178321
2264:31171860
2074:38532771
2065:10964019
1936:Meizonyx
1812:Diodomus
1756:Hapalops
1422:Meizonyx
1184:Parocnus
564:Folivora
548:Taxonomy
446:and the
370:collagen
342:Pliocene
238:Family:
212:Mammalia
202:Chordata
198:Phylum:
192:Animalia
178:Domain:
64:Lujanian
58:) &
4639:1025073
4341:Ocnopus
4244:Planops
3588:Mylodon
3236:Catonyx
3165:Neocnus
3158:Miocnus
2930:Class:
2907:Pilosan
2852:: 11–20
2805:Bibcode
2796:Geobios
2618:Bibcode
2548:Bibcode
2397:1187974
2374:Bibcode
2302:Bibcode
2244:Bibcode
2134:Bibcode
2034:Bibcode
2030:ZooKeys
1218:Neocnus
1013:
981:Neocnus
470:Florida
250:Gervais
218:Order:
208:Class:
4626:227508
4600:624871
4587:104456
4548:1MGLNF
2953:Pilosa
2909:genera
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2445:Arctic
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508:, for
497:, and
485:Arctic
444:Alaska
318:Eocene
300:sloths
276:, 1799
252:, 1855
222:Pilosa
4660:Plazi
4652:43596
4582:IRMNG
4574:47098
4509:26074
2760:(PDF)
2642:S2CID
2583:(PDF)
2572:S2CID
2536:(PDF)
2440:(PDF)
2268:S2CID
2232:(PDF)
2150:S2CID
554:et al
448:Yukon
378:basal
68:SALMA
56:NALMA
4621:NCBI
4595:ITIS
4561:6160
4556:GBIF
4543:EPPO
4535:1662
4504:BOLD
2704:PMID
2686:ISSN
2634:ISSN
2591:2020
2564:PMID
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2260:PMID
2193:OCLC
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